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Sergio Caroli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A new Antarctic certified reference material for trace elements: Adamussium colbecki.
Microchemical Journal, 2010Co-Authors: Sergio Caroli, Paola BottoniAbstract:The Certification of a new reference material for trace elements based on the Antarctic bivalve Adamussium colbecki is reported. This certified reference material (CRM), labelled IRMM 813, was produced in the frame of the Italian National Program for Research in Antarctica (Programma Nazionale di Ricerca in Antartide, PNRA). About 40 kg of the scallop were collected at Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea). The raw material was freeze-dried, jet-milled and homogenized so as to make it suitable for Certification. The elements selected for the Certification Project were As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn. Homogeneity and short- and long-term stability were preliminarily investigated so as to assess the suitability of the freeze-dried mass as a candidate CRM. The candidate material was found to be fit for purpose, thus allowing the following phases of the Certification Project to be undertaken, in the first place the selection of expert laboratories for the accomplishment of the Certification campaign. Eighteen laboratories from twelve countries accepted to participate in the Certification Project which thus could be successfully completed.
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Homogeneity and stability study of the candidate reference material Adamussium colbecki for trace elements.
Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM, 2005Co-Authors: Silvia Ciardullo, A. Held, Marilena D'amato, H. Emons, Sergio CaroliAbstract:The preparation of a new candidate certified reference material (CRM) for trace elements based on the antarctic bivalve Adamussium colbecki (IRMM 813) was carried out by the Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS, Rome, Italy) in cooperation with the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (EC-JRC-IRMM), in the frame of the Italian National Programme of Research in Antarctica (Programma Nazionale di Ricerca in Antartide, PNRA). Samples were collected at Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) during the 2000–2001 expedition in Antarctica. The preparation of a material suitable for Certification was performed by the EC-JRC-IRMM. Measurements for homogeneity and short-term stability tests were carried out by ISS. The elements selected for the Certification Project were As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn. For the above-mentioned tests, the determination of the elements of interest was performed on samples mineralised by microwave-assisted acid digestion. The analytical techniques employed to this end were inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-DRC-Q-MS). The candidate material was shown to be fit for purpose with regard to homogeneity and short-term stability, thus allowing the following phases of the Certification Project to be undertaken, in the first place the selection of expert laboratories for the accomplishment of the Certification campaign.
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Production of a new certified reference material for trace elements in Antarctic krill
Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2001Co-Authors: Sergio Caroli, Oreste Senofonte, Stefano Caimi, Jean Pauwels, Gerard N. Kramer, Piotr RobouchAbstract:Under the coordination of the Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS), Rome, Italy, and of the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements of the Joint Research Centre, European Commission (EC-JRC-IRMM), Geel, Belgium, a new certified reference material (CRM) for trace elements based on Antarctic krill was produced. The instrumental techniques resorted to in the Certification Project included flame, hydride generation, cold vapour and electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry (with and without Zeeman background correction), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, quadrupole and magnetic sector high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and neutron activation analysis. The certified values established for selected trace elements are as follows (in µg g−1 ± the 95% confidence interval): As, 5.02 ± 0.40; Cd, 0.73 ± 0.06; Co, 0.110 ± 0.010; Cu, 65.2 ± 2.3; Fe, 56.6 ± 2.3; Mn, 4.12 ± 0.10; Ni, 1.28 ± 0.12; Pb, 1.11 ± 0.09; Se, 7.37 ± 1.13; and Zn, 66.0 ± 2.0. Each value was obtained by combining data of several laboratories provided that four or more independent methods of analysis were used. For several other elements (Ag, Al, Br, Ca, Cl, Cr, Hg, I, K, Mg, Na, Rb, Sc, Sn, Sr and V) informative concentrations were given whenever the above criteria could not be respected.
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Certified Reference Materials for Research in Antarctica: The Case of Marine Sediment
Microchemical Journal, 1998Co-Authors: Sergio Caroli, Oreste Senofonte, Stefano Caimi, Piotr Robouch, J. Pauwels, G.n. KramerAbstract:Abstract A multielemental certified reference material based on Antarctic marine sediment was prepared in the framework of the Italian Programma Nazionale per la Ricerca in Antartide (PNRA, National Program for Research in Antarctica) and was coordinated by the Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS, National Institute of Health). The sediment was collected during the 9th Italian Expedition (1993–1994) in Antarctica in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) at a depth of 80 m, stored at −20°C in polyethylene containers, and shipped to the ISS. The sediment was subjected to preliminary treatment at the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Geel Establishment, Geel, Belgium). This treatment consisted of sieving, drying, jet milling, sampling, moisture determination, particle size determination, and microscopic examination. The final product turned out to contain mostly particles smaller than 90 μm (97% of total mass); particles larger than 150 μm were practically absent. The fraction between 90 and 150 μm comprised mainly organic material homogeneously distributed over the sediment. Five hundred two brown glass bottles (polyethylene insert and plastic screw cap; capacity 120 ml) could be thus filled with this material, each bottle containing about 75 g of the sediment. The Certification Project was accomplished with the active participation of eight internationally reputed laboratories from various countries (Belgium, Denmark, Hungary, Italy, Spain, and United States). The instrumental techniques resorted to in the Certification exercise included cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry, electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, isotope dilution mass spectrometry, neutron activation analysis, solid sampling Zeeman electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry, and Zeeman electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry. The certified values established for some trace elements are as follows: Al, 67.1 ± 3.3 mg/g; As, 4.41 ± 1.06 μg/g; Cd, 0.538 ± 0.027 μg/g; Cr, 42.1 ± 3.4 μg/g; Co, 6.87 ± 0.31 μg/g; Fe, 24.4 ± 0.7 mg/g; Mn, 446 ± 19 μg/g; Ni, 9.56 ± 1.05 μg/g; Pb, 21.0 ± 2.9 μg/g; Zn, 53.3 ± 2.7 μg/g. In turn, additional elements were quantified by some participants. Homogeneity of the powdered sediment for the various analytes is such that intakes as low as 100 mg still show no deviation from the nominal values larger than the attached uncertainty. Intakes of 200 mg are, however, recommended to minimize any possible variations in concentration. The product has an average moisture content of 0.30 ± 0.03% on delivery.
Piotr Robouch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Production of a new certified reference material for trace elements in Antarctic krill
Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2001Co-Authors: Sergio Caroli, Oreste Senofonte, Stefano Caimi, Jean Pauwels, Gerard N. Kramer, Piotr RobouchAbstract:Under the coordination of the Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS), Rome, Italy, and of the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements of the Joint Research Centre, European Commission (EC-JRC-IRMM), Geel, Belgium, a new certified reference material (CRM) for trace elements based on Antarctic krill was produced. The instrumental techniques resorted to in the Certification Project included flame, hydride generation, cold vapour and electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry (with and without Zeeman background correction), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, quadrupole and magnetic sector high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and neutron activation analysis. The certified values established for selected trace elements are as follows (in µg g−1 ± the 95% confidence interval): As, 5.02 ± 0.40; Cd, 0.73 ± 0.06; Co, 0.110 ± 0.010; Cu, 65.2 ± 2.3; Fe, 56.6 ± 2.3; Mn, 4.12 ± 0.10; Ni, 1.28 ± 0.12; Pb, 1.11 ± 0.09; Se, 7.37 ± 1.13; and Zn, 66.0 ± 2.0. Each value was obtained by combining data of several laboratories provided that four or more independent methods of analysis were used. For several other elements (Ag, Al, Br, Ca, Cl, Cr, Hg, I, K, Mg, Na, Rb, Sc, Sn, Sr and V) informative concentrations were given whenever the above criteria could not be respected.
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Certified Reference Materials for Research in Antarctica: The Case of Marine Sediment
Microchemical Journal, 1998Co-Authors: Sergio Caroli, Oreste Senofonte, Stefano Caimi, Piotr Robouch, J. Pauwels, G.n. KramerAbstract:Abstract A multielemental certified reference material based on Antarctic marine sediment was prepared in the framework of the Italian Programma Nazionale per la Ricerca in Antartide (PNRA, National Program for Research in Antarctica) and was coordinated by the Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS, National Institute of Health). The sediment was collected during the 9th Italian Expedition (1993–1994) in Antarctica in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) at a depth of 80 m, stored at −20°C in polyethylene containers, and shipped to the ISS. The sediment was subjected to preliminary treatment at the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Geel Establishment, Geel, Belgium). This treatment consisted of sieving, drying, jet milling, sampling, moisture determination, particle size determination, and microscopic examination. The final product turned out to contain mostly particles smaller than 90 μm (97% of total mass); particles larger than 150 μm were practically absent. The fraction between 90 and 150 μm comprised mainly organic material homogeneously distributed over the sediment. Five hundred two brown glass bottles (polyethylene insert and plastic screw cap; capacity 120 ml) could be thus filled with this material, each bottle containing about 75 g of the sediment. The Certification Project was accomplished with the active participation of eight internationally reputed laboratories from various countries (Belgium, Denmark, Hungary, Italy, Spain, and United States). The instrumental techniques resorted to in the Certification exercise included cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry, electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, isotope dilution mass spectrometry, neutron activation analysis, solid sampling Zeeman electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry, and Zeeman electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry. The certified values established for some trace elements are as follows: Al, 67.1 ± 3.3 mg/g; As, 4.41 ± 1.06 μg/g; Cd, 0.538 ± 0.027 μg/g; Cr, 42.1 ± 3.4 μg/g; Co, 6.87 ± 0.31 μg/g; Fe, 24.4 ± 0.7 mg/g; Mn, 446 ± 19 μg/g; Ni, 9.56 ± 1.05 μg/g; Pb, 21.0 ± 2.9 μg/g; Zn, 53.3 ± 2.7 μg/g. In turn, additional elements were quantified by some participants. Homogeneity of the powdered sediment for the various analytes is such that intakes as low as 100 mg still show no deviation from the nominal values larger than the attached uncertainty. Intakes of 200 mg are, however, recommended to minimize any possible variations in concentration. The product has an average moisture content of 0.30 ± 0.03% on delivery.
Michael Kallenbach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Complete Component-Wise Software Certification for Safety-Critical Embedded Devices
2018 IEEE 9th Annual Information Technology Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON), 2018Co-Authors: Detlef Streitferdt, Armin Zimmermann, Jorg Schaffner, Michael KallenbachAbstract:Safety Certification became an increasingly important issue as well as a feature of industrial software development. The Certification process for safe software causes enormous efforts and has to be repeatedly executed for any changes in the systems. Modular and component-based software architectures are very common, but cannot use their advantages in the Certification process. This paper presents the results of an industrial software development and Certification Project in the railway domain and enhances a previous work to change components without a re-Certification by additional requirements, which have to be met, to allow for changes in the basic framework of the system as well, again, without re-Certification.
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Component-wise software Certification for safety-critical embedded devices
2017 8th Annual Industrial Automation and Electromechanical Engineering Conference (IEMECON), 2017Co-Authors: Detlef Streitferdt, Armin Zimmermann, Jorg Schaffner, Michael KallenbachAbstract:The development of industrial software systems increasingly requires safety Certification. The Certification process causes huge efforts and has to be repeatedly executed for changes of the systems. At the same time, many of the software architectures are developed in a component-based style. This paper presents the results of an industrial software development and Certification Project in the railway domain. It is a component-based development Project that was designed to be certifiable in two steps with this new approach. First, the core of the system will be developed and certified. Secondly, new or adapted plug-in components will be certified individually. Thus, the re-Certification effort is reduced to the Certification effort of a single component.
Oreste Senofonte - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Production of a new certified reference material for trace elements in Antarctic krill
Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2001Co-Authors: Sergio Caroli, Oreste Senofonte, Stefano Caimi, Jean Pauwels, Gerard N. Kramer, Piotr RobouchAbstract:Under the coordination of the Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS), Rome, Italy, and of the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements of the Joint Research Centre, European Commission (EC-JRC-IRMM), Geel, Belgium, a new certified reference material (CRM) for trace elements based on Antarctic krill was produced. The instrumental techniques resorted to in the Certification Project included flame, hydride generation, cold vapour and electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry (with and without Zeeman background correction), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, quadrupole and magnetic sector high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and neutron activation analysis. The certified values established for selected trace elements are as follows (in µg g−1 ± the 95% confidence interval): As, 5.02 ± 0.40; Cd, 0.73 ± 0.06; Co, 0.110 ± 0.010; Cu, 65.2 ± 2.3; Fe, 56.6 ± 2.3; Mn, 4.12 ± 0.10; Ni, 1.28 ± 0.12; Pb, 1.11 ± 0.09; Se, 7.37 ± 1.13; and Zn, 66.0 ± 2.0. Each value was obtained by combining data of several laboratories provided that four or more independent methods of analysis were used. For several other elements (Ag, Al, Br, Ca, Cl, Cr, Hg, I, K, Mg, Na, Rb, Sc, Sn, Sr and V) informative concentrations were given whenever the above criteria could not be respected.
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Certified Reference Materials for Research in Antarctica: The Case of Marine Sediment
Microchemical Journal, 1998Co-Authors: Sergio Caroli, Oreste Senofonte, Stefano Caimi, Piotr Robouch, J. Pauwels, G.n. KramerAbstract:Abstract A multielemental certified reference material based on Antarctic marine sediment was prepared in the framework of the Italian Programma Nazionale per la Ricerca in Antartide (PNRA, National Program for Research in Antarctica) and was coordinated by the Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS, National Institute of Health). The sediment was collected during the 9th Italian Expedition (1993–1994) in Antarctica in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) at a depth of 80 m, stored at −20°C in polyethylene containers, and shipped to the ISS. The sediment was subjected to preliminary treatment at the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Geel Establishment, Geel, Belgium). This treatment consisted of sieving, drying, jet milling, sampling, moisture determination, particle size determination, and microscopic examination. The final product turned out to contain mostly particles smaller than 90 μm (97% of total mass); particles larger than 150 μm were practically absent. The fraction between 90 and 150 μm comprised mainly organic material homogeneously distributed over the sediment. Five hundred two brown glass bottles (polyethylene insert and plastic screw cap; capacity 120 ml) could be thus filled with this material, each bottle containing about 75 g of the sediment. The Certification Project was accomplished with the active participation of eight internationally reputed laboratories from various countries (Belgium, Denmark, Hungary, Italy, Spain, and United States). The instrumental techniques resorted to in the Certification exercise included cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry, electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, isotope dilution mass spectrometry, neutron activation analysis, solid sampling Zeeman electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry, and Zeeman electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry. The certified values established for some trace elements are as follows: Al, 67.1 ± 3.3 mg/g; As, 4.41 ± 1.06 μg/g; Cd, 0.538 ± 0.027 μg/g; Cr, 42.1 ± 3.4 μg/g; Co, 6.87 ± 0.31 μg/g; Fe, 24.4 ± 0.7 mg/g; Mn, 446 ± 19 μg/g; Ni, 9.56 ± 1.05 μg/g; Pb, 21.0 ± 2.9 μg/g; Zn, 53.3 ± 2.7 μg/g. In turn, additional elements were quantified by some participants. Homogeneity of the powdered sediment for the various analytes is such that intakes as low as 100 mg still show no deviation from the nominal values larger than the attached uncertainty. Intakes of 200 mg are, however, recommended to minimize any possible variations in concentration. The product has an average moisture content of 0.30 ± 0.03% on delivery.
Stefano Caimi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Production of a new certified reference material for trace elements in Antarctic krill
Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2001Co-Authors: Sergio Caroli, Oreste Senofonte, Stefano Caimi, Jean Pauwels, Gerard N. Kramer, Piotr RobouchAbstract:Under the coordination of the Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS), Rome, Italy, and of the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements of the Joint Research Centre, European Commission (EC-JRC-IRMM), Geel, Belgium, a new certified reference material (CRM) for trace elements based on Antarctic krill was produced. The instrumental techniques resorted to in the Certification Project included flame, hydride generation, cold vapour and electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry (with and without Zeeman background correction), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, quadrupole and magnetic sector high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and neutron activation analysis. The certified values established for selected trace elements are as follows (in µg g−1 ± the 95% confidence interval): As, 5.02 ± 0.40; Cd, 0.73 ± 0.06; Co, 0.110 ± 0.010; Cu, 65.2 ± 2.3; Fe, 56.6 ± 2.3; Mn, 4.12 ± 0.10; Ni, 1.28 ± 0.12; Pb, 1.11 ± 0.09; Se, 7.37 ± 1.13; and Zn, 66.0 ± 2.0. Each value was obtained by combining data of several laboratories provided that four or more independent methods of analysis were used. For several other elements (Ag, Al, Br, Ca, Cl, Cr, Hg, I, K, Mg, Na, Rb, Sc, Sn, Sr and V) informative concentrations were given whenever the above criteria could not be respected.
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Certified Reference Materials for Research in Antarctica: The Case of Marine Sediment
Microchemical Journal, 1998Co-Authors: Sergio Caroli, Oreste Senofonte, Stefano Caimi, Piotr Robouch, J. Pauwels, G.n. KramerAbstract:Abstract A multielemental certified reference material based on Antarctic marine sediment was prepared in the framework of the Italian Programma Nazionale per la Ricerca in Antartide (PNRA, National Program for Research in Antarctica) and was coordinated by the Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS, National Institute of Health). The sediment was collected during the 9th Italian Expedition (1993–1994) in Antarctica in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) at a depth of 80 m, stored at −20°C in polyethylene containers, and shipped to the ISS. The sediment was subjected to preliminary treatment at the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Geel Establishment, Geel, Belgium). This treatment consisted of sieving, drying, jet milling, sampling, moisture determination, particle size determination, and microscopic examination. The final product turned out to contain mostly particles smaller than 90 μm (97% of total mass); particles larger than 150 μm were practically absent. The fraction between 90 and 150 μm comprised mainly organic material homogeneously distributed over the sediment. Five hundred two brown glass bottles (polyethylene insert and plastic screw cap; capacity 120 ml) could be thus filled with this material, each bottle containing about 75 g of the sediment. The Certification Project was accomplished with the active participation of eight internationally reputed laboratories from various countries (Belgium, Denmark, Hungary, Italy, Spain, and United States). The instrumental techniques resorted to in the Certification exercise included cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry, electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, isotope dilution mass spectrometry, neutron activation analysis, solid sampling Zeeman electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry, and Zeeman electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry. The certified values established for some trace elements are as follows: Al, 67.1 ± 3.3 mg/g; As, 4.41 ± 1.06 μg/g; Cd, 0.538 ± 0.027 μg/g; Cr, 42.1 ± 3.4 μg/g; Co, 6.87 ± 0.31 μg/g; Fe, 24.4 ± 0.7 mg/g; Mn, 446 ± 19 μg/g; Ni, 9.56 ± 1.05 μg/g; Pb, 21.0 ± 2.9 μg/g; Zn, 53.3 ± 2.7 μg/g. In turn, additional elements were quantified by some participants. Homogeneity of the powdered sediment for the various analytes is such that intakes as low as 100 mg still show no deviation from the nominal values larger than the attached uncertainty. Intakes of 200 mg are, however, recommended to minimize any possible variations in concentration. The product has an average moisture content of 0.30 ± 0.03% on delivery.