The Experts below are selected from a list of 147 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Olga Ilina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ecological effects of clearcutting practices in a boreal forest arkhangelsk region russian federation both with and without fsc Certification
Ecological Indicators, 2019Co-Authors: Jeanette S Blumroeder, Natalya Burova, Susanne Winter, Agnieszka Goroncy, Peter Hobson, Andrey Shegolev, Denis Dobrynin, Irina Amosova, Olga IlinaAbstract:Abstract The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is widely recognized as Certification Standard for responsible forest management across all major forest biomes. Still, only few field studies assessed if FSC Certification generates measurable positive impacts in a managed forest ecosystem. Consequently, unequivocal evidence on ecological effectiveness of FSC is scarce. Especially the Russian boreal forests, where FSC has shown a rapid growth of certified areas, have hardly been studied regarding ecologically positive achievements delivered by Certification compared to conventional practices. In this case study, systematic research was carried out to assess the ecological effectiveness of FSC in the boreal forests of the Arkhangelsk Region, Russian Federation. At harvested sites belonging to two companies, managed with and without FSC-Certification respectively, and at a primary reference forest, 95 variables related to five indicators (living tree biomass, deadwood, rejuvenation, vegetation, and microclimate regulation) were empirically assessed. With regard to the most ecologically relevant parameters chosen for this study, there were very few substantial differences of FSC-certified forestry operations to conventional ones. This can be explained with the equally high amounts of harvested timber (ca. 97% extracted) as well as the practice of large-scale clearcutting (up to >50 ha), generating significant structural and functional ecological changes in the forest ecosystem. The findings suggest that there is no real change in forest operations towards an ecologically responsible harvesting. Rather, FSC-certified forestry contributes to the ongoing loss of primary forests in the remaining Intact Forest Landscapes, and FSC does not seem to slow down the loss of ecosystem functionality. Actually, the large-scale clearcuts do not resemble any comparable natural disturbance regime and produce risky ecological changes related to micro- and mesoclimate. Our data show substantial heating of the large clearcuts and the loss of ecosystemic buffering capacity, being highly relevant in the context of vulnerability to climate change.
Xin Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a comparative analysis on organic Certification Standard system between china and the usa
DEStech Transactions on Materials Science and Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: L I Tingyou, Xin ZhaoAbstract:The USA and China are both one of countries owned the largest organic agricultural land. China's organic products are mainly export-oriented, and domestic consumption is complementary; on the contrary organic products in the U.S. is mainly for the domestic consumption, and the export is complementary. Organic production and sales of the two countries complement each other strongly. This paper provides an insight into a wide range of organic Certification Standard system and mechanisms in China and the USA; and compared the different between the two countries. It shows that the Standards and Certification regulations of organic products in China and the U.S. are similar, but there exit some differences in the Certification Standards, specifically in the environment quality control of the organic site, conversion date to organic products, the use of sewage sludge, the use of organic feed and grazing in livestock, organic Certification Standards of aquatic products, and the roster of organic Certification products. It is estimated that the two countries will discuss the mutual recognition of organic food sooner or later, so this .paper may lay the foundation for promoting the bilateral trade for both countries.
R J Cooper - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of a forest Certification Standard compatible with pefc and fsc s management requirements a case study from greece
Forestry, 2007Co-Authors: Nicholas M Georgiadis, R J CooperAbstract:Summary Greece currently has no national forest certifi cation Standard. This paper explains how a draft forest management Standard for Greece was developed to be compatible with both the Forest Stewardship Council and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certifi cation schemes requirements. The draft Standard was tested in two contrasting forest areas to investigate its ease of operation, to indicate necessary refi nements to the Standard and to reveal major areas of weakness in current forest management practices. Field testing showed that the Standard was operationally effi cient and that relatively few changes to the Standard were necessary. Major weaknesses in current management practices were identifi ed as breaches of health and safety, poor training of forest workers and inadequate consultation with stakeholders.
Sarah Lilian Burns - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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state actors and international forest Certification policy coalitions behind fsc and pefc in federal argentina
Land Use Policy, 2016Co-Authors: Sarah Lilian Burns, Pablo F Yapura, Lukas GiessenAbstract:Forest Certification has been so far described as a non-state, market-driven form of private governance developed by non-state actors. However, bureaucracies can influence the effects of these programs in many ways, using their competencies to either enhance or restrict non-state Certification schemes. The objective of our work is to analyze the role state agencies played in the forest Certification Standard development processes in Argentina, including the related coalition building strategies. Our hypotheses are that forest Certification is not an activity among merely private actors, but that state agencies do play a small but necessary role in creating favorable frame conditions, and in Standard formulation and scheme establishment. Coalitions built around production-oriented state agencies and strong political sectors have a stronger influence in the formulation of Standards of forest Certification schemes than coalitions between conservation-oriented bureaucracies and environmental NGOs. In order to understand the process of Standard formulation for FSC and PEFC in Argentina, data on the different schemes were collected from public statements from stakeholder organizations, written summaries of debates of schemes from both public meetings and meetings by the groups writing the Standards, and statements from the agencies in charge of writing the Standards. The results show that in Argentina, FSC was temporarily useful to the forestry sector and landowners as a quick solution and hence was supported even by utilitarian state agencies. In light of an evolving operational PEFC scheme four years later, this support by state agencies was dropped and shifted towards the more landowner-friendly PEFC. After this dynamic in the coalition building process, FSC was on a decline in Argentina.
Haiyang Xu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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real time reliability verification for uav flight control system supporting airworthiness Certification
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Haiyang Xu, Ping WangAbstract:In order to verify the real-time reliability of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flight control system and comply with the airworthiness Certification Standard, we proposed a model-based integration framework for modeling and verification of time property. Combining with the advantages of MARTE, this framework uses class diagram to create the static model of software system, and utilizes state chart to create the dynamic model. In term of the defined transformation rules, the MARTE model could be transformed to formal integrated model, and the different part of the model could also be verified by using existing formal tools. For the real-time specifications of software system, we also proposed a generating algorithm for temporal logic formula, which could automatically extract real-time property from time-sensitive live sequence chart (TLSC). Finally, we modeled the simplified flight control system of UAV to check its real-time property. The results showed that the framework could be used to create the system model, as well as precisely analyze and verify the real-time reliability of UAV flight control system.