The Experts below are selected from a list of 115989 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jong Sup Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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human papillomavirus infection and Cervical Cancer prevention in japan and korea
Vaccine, 2008Co-Authors: Ryo Konno, Youngtak Kim, Toshiyuki Sasagawa, Hai Rim Shin, Yong Sang Song, Masaki Inoue, Jong Sup ParkAbstract:Cervical Cancer is a common Cancer among women in Japan and Korea. Implementation of national Cervical Cancer screening programs has led to a reduction in the incidence of Cervical Cancer in both countries. However, over the past decade, there has been a recent marked increase in Cervical Cancer incidence among young women in Japan. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is found in the majority of Cervical Cancers, and HPV-16 and 18 are the two most common types. The next most frequent HPV types in Cervical Cancer are 52, 58 and 33 for Japan and 52, 58, and 33 for Korea, varying slightly when compared to the worldwide distribution. Screening coverage for both countries remains a challenge. Current coverage is reported at 24% in Japan, with the lowest coverage in young Japanese women, and 41% in Korea. Cytology remains the predominant screening method. HPV DNA testing is widely used to triage women with abnormal cytology in Korea. HPV vaccines have been licensed in Korea, but not yet in Japan. In both countries cost is a substantial impediment to implementation and no national programs are currently planned or in place. Therefore, increased disease awareness and utilization of screening is the first priority for controlling Cervical Cancer.
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analysis on risk factors for Cervical Cancer using induction technique
Expert Systems With Applications, 2004Co-Authors: Sun Ha Jee, Jong Eun Lee, Jong Sup ParkAbstract:Cervical Cancer is a leading cause of Cancer deaths in woman worldwide. New approach to the analysis of risk factors and management of Cervical Cancer is discussed in this study. We identified the combined patterns of Cervical Cancer risk factors including demographic, environmental and genetic factors using induction technique. We compared logistic regression and a decision tree algorithm, CHAID (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection), using a test set of 133 participants and a training set of 577 participants. The CHAID had a better predictive rate and sensitivity (72.96 and 64.00%, respectively) than logistic regression (71.83 and 40.80%, respectively). However, the CHAID had lower specificity (77.83%) than logistic regression (88.70%). In addition, we demonstrated how the decision tree algorithm could be used in risk analysis and target segmentation for Cervical Cancer management. This is the first study using induction technique for the analysis of risk factors for Cervical Cancer, and the results of this study will contribute to developing the clinical practice guideline for Cervical Cancer.
Rahel G Ghebre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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challenges in prevention and care delivery for women with Cervical Cancer in sub saharan africa
Frontiers in Oncology, 2016Co-Authors: Thomas C Randall, Rahel G GhebreAbstract:Virtually all cases of invasive Cervical Cancer are associated with infection by high-risk strains of human papilloma virus (HPV). Effective primary and secondary prevention programs, as well as effective treatment of early stage invasive Cancer have dramatically reduced the burden of Cervical Cancer in high-income countries; 85% of the mortality from Cervical Cancer now occurs in low- and middle-income countries. This article provides an overview of challenges to Cervical Cancer care in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and identifies areas for programmatic development to meet the global development goal to reduce Cancer related mortality. Advanced stage at presentation and gaps in prevention, screening, diagnostic and treatment capacities contribute to reduced Cervical Cancer survival. Cost-effective Cervical Cancer screening strategies implemented in low resource settings can reduce Cervical Cancer mortality. Patient- and system-based barriers need to be addressed as part of any Cervical Cancer control program. Limited human capacity and infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa are major barriers to comprehensive Cervical Cancer care. Management of early stage, locally advanced or metastatic disease Cervical Cancer involves multi-specialty care including gynecology oncology, medical oncology, radiology, pathology, radiation oncology and palliative care. Investment in Cervical Cancer care programs in low- and middle-income countries will need to include effective recruitment programs to engage women in the community to access Cancer screening and diagnosis services. Though Cervical Cancer is a preventable and treatable Cancer, the challenges to Cervical control in SSA are great and will require a broadly integrated and sustained effort by multiple stakeholders before meaningful progress can be achieved.
Philip E Castle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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human papillomavirus testing in the prevention of Cervical Cancer
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2011Co-Authors: Mark Schiffman, Nicolas Wentzensen, Sholom Wacholder, Walter Kinney, Julia C Gage, Philip E CastleAbstract:Strong evidence now supports the adoption of Cervical Cancer prevention strategies that explicitly focus on persistent infection with the causal agent, human papillomavirus (HPV). To inform an evidence-based transition to a new public health approach for Cervical Cancer screening, we summarize the natural history and Cervical carcinogenicity of HPV and discuss the promise and uncertainties of currently available screening methods. New HPV infections acquired at any age are virtually always benign, but persistent infections with one of approximately 12 carcinogenic HPV types explain virtually all cases of Cervical Cancer. In the absence of an overtly persistent HPV infection, the risk of Cervical Cancer is extremely low. Thus, HPV test results predict the risk of Cervical Cancer and its precursors (Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3) better and longer than cytological or colposcopic abnormalities, which are signs of HPV infection. The logical and inevitable move to HPV-based Cervical Cancer prevention strategies will require longer screening intervals that will disrupt current gynecologic and cytology laboratory practices built on frequent screening. A major challenge will be implementing programs that do not overtreat HPV-positive women who do not have obvious long-term persistence of HPV or treatable lesions at the time of initial evaluation. The greatest potential for reduction in Cervical Cancer rates from HPV screening is in low-resource regions that can implement infrequent rounds of low-cost HPV testing and treatment.
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Cervical Cancer prevention Cervical screening science in evolution
Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America, 2007Co-Authors: Mahboobeh Safaeian, Diane Solomon, Philip E CastleAbstract:The incidence and mortality of Cervical Cancer in the United States has declined by more than 70% since the 1950s. This decline is attributed mainly to the introduction of Papanicolaou's test in the 1940s. Cervical Cancer, however, remains the second most frequent of all female malignancies worldwide, with 80% of the cases occurring in resource-poor countries. This disparity is attributed primarily to the lack of screening and treatment of preCancerous lesions. This article describes the traditional methods of screening for Cervical Cancer and innovative methods that might help overcome financial and cultural barriers to more widespread screening.
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human papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer
The Lancet, 2007Co-Authors: Mark Schiffman, Philip E Castle, Jose Jeronimo, Ana Cecilia Rodriguez, Sholom WacholderAbstract:Cervical Cancer is the second most common Cancer in women worldwide, and knowledge regarding its cause and pathogenesis is expanding rapidly. Persistent infection with one of about 15 genotypes of carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) causes almost all cases. There are four major steps in Cervical Cancer development: infection of metaplastic epithelium at the Cervical transformation zone, viral persistence, progression of persistently infected epithelium to Cervical preCancer, and invasion through the basement membrane of the epithelium. Infection is extremely common in young women in their first decade of sexual activity. Persistent infections and preCancer are established, typically within 5-10 years, from less than 10% of new infections. Invasive Cancer arises over many years, even decades, in a minority of women with preCancer, with a peak or plateau in risk at about 35-55 years of age. Each genotype of HPV acts as an independent infection, with differing carcinogenic risks linked to evolutionary species. Our understanding has led to improved prevention and clinical management strategies, including improved screening tests and vaccines. The new HPV-oriented model of Cervical carcinogenesis should gradually replace older morphological models based only on cytology and histology. If applied wisely, HPV-related technology can minimise the incidence of Cervical Cancer, and the morbidity and mortality it causes, even in low-resource settings.
Jan M M Walboomers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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human papillomavirus infection and invasive Cervical Cancer in paraguay
International Journal of Cancer, 2000Co-Authors: P A Rolon, Jennifer S Smith, Nubia Munoz, Stefanie J Klug, Rolando Herrero, Xavier Bosch, Fernando Llamosas, Chris J L M Meijer, Jan M M WalboomersAbstract:HPV types 16 and 18 have been categorized as human carcinogens based on their strong associations with Cervical Cancer in previous case-control studies. Recent IARC studies in the Philippines, Thailand and Morocco show strong associations between invasive Cervical Cancer and less common HPV types, including HPV 31, 33, 45, 51, 52 and 58. We present results of a further IARC case-control study conducted in Asuncion, Paraguay, to examine the association between specific HPV types and invasive Cervical Cancer as well as risk factors other than HPV. One-hundred thirteen incident histologically confirmed invasive Cervical Cancer cases and 91 age-matched hospital controls were recruited. A standardized questionnaire was administered to investigate known and suspected risk factors for Cervical Cancer. For HPV status determination, Cervical biopsy specimens from case subjects and exfoliated Cervical cells from control subjects were obtained. HPV DNA was ascertained using a GP5+/6+ PCR-based assay capable of detecting more than 33 HPV types. Overall HPV prevalence was 97% in the Cervical Cancer cases and 20% in the control subjects. As a single infection, HPV 16 was the predominant type with a prevalence of 48% among case subjects and 5.5% among control subjects. Significant associations with the risk of Cervical Cancer were detected as follows: any HPV type (OR = 114; 95% CI: 36-361); HPV 16 (OR = 910); HPV 18 (infinite OR); HPV 31 (OR = 110); HPV 33 (OR = 261); HPV 45 (OR = 129); and HPV 58 (OR = 36). In the multivariate model, risk factors other than HPV significantly associated with Cervical Cancer risk were a higher number of lifetime sexual partners, lower educational status and never having had a Pap smear. Strong associations were found between invasive Cervical Cancer and specific HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45 and 58.
Theresa A Kessler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cervical Cancer prevention and early detection
Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 2017Co-Authors: Theresa A KesslerAbstract:Objective To review effective methods of prevention that can be used to control the incidence of Cervical Cancer and detection strategies that can identify the preCancerous lesions before they become true Cancer. Data Sources Current medical, scientific and nursing literature, and national and international guidelines of Cervical Cancer. Conclusion Nearly all Cervical Cancers are caused by specific types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Prophylactic vaccination for HPV provides the most effective method of primary prevention against HPV-related diseases. The use of the Pap test and HPV test, according to published guidelines, provides the most effective means of screening for Cervical Cancer. Implications for Nursing Practice Nurses are in a key position to provide health education with the goal of supporting vaccine uptake and screening guidelines.
