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Linda J. Walters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a safe alternative to invasive caulerpa taxifolia chlorophtya assessing aquarium release invasion potential of aquarium strains of the macroalgal genus Chaetomorpha chlorophyta
Biological Invasions, 2014Co-Authors: Rachel L. Odom, Linda J. WaltersAbstract:Aquarium releases threaten the ecological integrity of aquatic systems by introducing non-native species. Following aquarium-release invasions by Caulerpa taxifolia, other genera of marine macroalgae were promoted by aquarists as alternatives for aquarium hobbyist use. The most popular, Chaetomorpha, was named a preferable alternative to invasive Caulerpa with desirable characteristics including rapid nutrient uptake, broad environmental tolerances and ease of acquisition. As these same characteristics are also associated with invasion success, we assessed the risk posed if aquarium release activities extend to Chaetomorpha. Here we address the propensity for vegetative fragmentation, a primary contributor to the breadth of the Caulerpa invasions, as a potential invasion risk for Chaetomorpha. We monitored fragment generation of 10 purchases of Chaetomorpha from aquarium hobby retailers and tested viability of fragments 0.5–10 mm in length at 5, 22 and 30 °C. We found that Chaetomorpha can survive from fragments as small as 0.5 mm (one live cell). Abundance of viable fragments generated during shipping ranged from 28 to 6,266 per purchase. In 9 of 10 trials, survival was independent of starting length, indicating that small size will not limit potential establishment. Fragments in these purchases had low survival at 5°, but one purchase showed high survival at all temperatures. With high survivorship of small fragments and large numbers of fragments generated, we caution that aquarium strains of Chaetomorpha may pose a threat if released into natural waterways and encourage educational outreach strategies which focus on changing releasing behaviors rather than promoting “safe” alternatives to invasive ornamentals.
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Alternatives to Release: Efficient Methods for Disposal of Excess or Unwanted Aquarium Macroalgae in the Genus Chaetomorpha
Invasive Plant Science and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Rachel L. Odom, Joshua A. Solomon, Linda J. WaltersAbstract:Abstract Aquarium release is a vector for introducing nonnative species that threatens the ecological integrity of aquatic systems. Following coastal invasions by released aquarium strains of Caulerpa taxifolia, aquarists began using the macroalgal genus Chaetomorpha. Use of Chaetomorpha now exceeds 50% of U.S. aquarium hobbyists we surveyed. Aquarium strains of this macroalgal genus possess broad environmental tolerances, demonstrate high nutrient uptake and growth rates, and reproduce by fragmentation. Although these characteristics make Chaetomorpha a desirable aquarium inhabitant, they may also promote invasive tendencies if the alga is introduced into a natural ecosystem. We sought to proactively mitigate this potential invasion risk by testing algal disposal techniques that serve as responsible alternatives to releasing viable individuals. We tested methods used by aquarium hobbyists—boiling, microwaving, freezing, desiccation, and exposure to freshwater. We determined the minimum durations that the...
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A safe alternative to invasive Caulerpa taxifolia (Chlorophtya)? Assessing aquarium-release invasion potential of aquarium strains of the macroalgal genus Chaetomorpha (Chlorophyta)
Biological Invasions, 2013Co-Authors: Rachel L. Odom, Linda J. WaltersAbstract:Aquarium releases threaten the ecological integrity of aquatic systems by introducing non-native species. Following aquarium-release invasions by Caulerpa taxifolia, other genera of marine macroalgae were promoted by aquarists as alternatives for aquarium hobbyist use. The most popular, Chaetomorpha, was named a preferable alternative to invasive Caulerpa with desirable characteristics including rapid nutrient uptake, broad environmental tolerances and ease of acquisition. As these same characteristics are also associated with invasion success, we assessed the risk posed if aquarium release activities extend to Chaetomorpha. Here we address the propensity for vegetative fragmentation, a primary contributor to the breadth of the Caulerpa invasions, as a potential invasion risk for Chaetomorpha. We monitored fragment generation of 10 purchases of Chaetomorpha from aquarium hobby retailers and tested viability of fragments 0.5–10 mm in length at 5, 22 and 30 °C. We found that Chaetomorpha can survive from fragments as small as 0.5 mm (one live cell). Abundance of viable fragments generated during shipping ranged from 28 to 6,266 per purchase. In 9 of 10 trials, survival was independent of starting length, indicating that small size will not limit potential establishment. Fragments in these purchases had low survival at 5°, but one purchase showed high survival at all temperatures. With high survivorship of small fragments and large numbers of fragments generated, we caution that aquarium strains of Chaetomorpha may pose a threat if released into natural waterways and encourage educational outreach strategies which focus on changing releasing behaviors rather than promoting “safe” alternatives to invasive ornamentals.
Lars Kamp-nielsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Loss, growth and transport dynamics of Chaetomorpha aerea and Ulva rigida in the Lagoon of Venice during an early summer field campaign
Ecological Modelling, 1997Co-Authors: Mogens Flindt, Jørgen Salomonsen, Marco Carrer, M. Bocci, Lars Kamp-nielsenAbstract:The growth, the losses by grazing and sporulation and the advective transport of benthic macrophytes, dissolved and particulate nutrients were studied in the Lagoon of Venice during May–June 1995. The growth rate of Ulva rigida was 0.043 d−1 and the grazing rate found to be 0.01 d−1. No sporulation was observed in the study period. The advective transport of macrophytes was measured by catches in vertically exposed nets during several tidal excursions and varied from 0 to 11 kg Chaetomorpha aerea, 10 kg Zostera sp. and 9 kg Ulva sp. wwt. hour−1 per 2 m net length normalized to effective length perpendicular to the current direction. The transport of Chaetomorpha and Ulva was linearily correlated to the current velocity (r2 = 0.80 and 0.88 respectively). Vertically separated nets revealed that 89% of the Zostera sp. was transported in the top 30 cm of the water column and 65% of the Chaetomorpha sp. was transported in the deepest 30 cm of the column and the transport of Ulva sp. was dispersed over the 1 m water column. Automatically taken water samples were analysed for dissolved inorganic nutrients (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) and particulate nutrients during the campaign periods together with nutrients bound in macroalgae and seagrasses. The advective transport of dissolved and non-macrophyte bound, particulate nutrients were calculated by a 2-dimensional, hydrodynamic model. Less than 1% of the nutrients were transported as dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate, 3–4% was transported as non-macrophyte, particulate nitrogen and phosphorus and more than 90% of the nutrients were transported as macrophyte bound nutrients. It is therefore obvious that mass balance calculations for shallow estuarine systems should include advective transport of dead and alive macrophytes.
Rachel L. Odom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a safe alternative to invasive caulerpa taxifolia chlorophtya assessing aquarium release invasion potential of aquarium strains of the macroalgal genus Chaetomorpha chlorophyta
Biological Invasions, 2014Co-Authors: Rachel L. Odom, Linda J. WaltersAbstract:Aquarium releases threaten the ecological integrity of aquatic systems by introducing non-native species. Following aquarium-release invasions by Caulerpa taxifolia, other genera of marine macroalgae were promoted by aquarists as alternatives for aquarium hobbyist use. The most popular, Chaetomorpha, was named a preferable alternative to invasive Caulerpa with desirable characteristics including rapid nutrient uptake, broad environmental tolerances and ease of acquisition. As these same characteristics are also associated with invasion success, we assessed the risk posed if aquarium release activities extend to Chaetomorpha. Here we address the propensity for vegetative fragmentation, a primary contributor to the breadth of the Caulerpa invasions, as a potential invasion risk for Chaetomorpha. We monitored fragment generation of 10 purchases of Chaetomorpha from aquarium hobby retailers and tested viability of fragments 0.5–10 mm in length at 5, 22 and 30 °C. We found that Chaetomorpha can survive from fragments as small as 0.5 mm (one live cell). Abundance of viable fragments generated during shipping ranged from 28 to 6,266 per purchase. In 9 of 10 trials, survival was independent of starting length, indicating that small size will not limit potential establishment. Fragments in these purchases had low survival at 5°, but one purchase showed high survival at all temperatures. With high survivorship of small fragments and large numbers of fragments generated, we caution that aquarium strains of Chaetomorpha may pose a threat if released into natural waterways and encourage educational outreach strategies which focus on changing releasing behaviors rather than promoting “safe” alternatives to invasive ornamentals.
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Alternatives to Release: Efficient Methods for Disposal of Excess or Unwanted Aquarium Macroalgae in the Genus Chaetomorpha
Invasive Plant Science and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Rachel L. Odom, Joshua A. Solomon, Linda J. WaltersAbstract:Abstract Aquarium release is a vector for introducing nonnative species that threatens the ecological integrity of aquatic systems. Following coastal invasions by released aquarium strains of Caulerpa taxifolia, aquarists began using the macroalgal genus Chaetomorpha. Use of Chaetomorpha now exceeds 50% of U.S. aquarium hobbyists we surveyed. Aquarium strains of this macroalgal genus possess broad environmental tolerances, demonstrate high nutrient uptake and growth rates, and reproduce by fragmentation. Although these characteristics make Chaetomorpha a desirable aquarium inhabitant, they may also promote invasive tendencies if the alga is introduced into a natural ecosystem. We sought to proactively mitigate this potential invasion risk by testing algal disposal techniques that serve as responsible alternatives to releasing viable individuals. We tested methods used by aquarium hobbyists—boiling, microwaving, freezing, desiccation, and exposure to freshwater. We determined the minimum durations that the...
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A safe alternative to invasive Caulerpa taxifolia (Chlorophtya)? Assessing aquarium-release invasion potential of aquarium strains of the macroalgal genus Chaetomorpha (Chlorophyta)
Biological Invasions, 2013Co-Authors: Rachel L. Odom, Linda J. WaltersAbstract:Aquarium releases threaten the ecological integrity of aquatic systems by introducing non-native species. Following aquarium-release invasions by Caulerpa taxifolia, other genera of marine macroalgae were promoted by aquarists as alternatives for aquarium hobbyist use. The most popular, Chaetomorpha, was named a preferable alternative to invasive Caulerpa with desirable characteristics including rapid nutrient uptake, broad environmental tolerances and ease of acquisition. As these same characteristics are also associated with invasion success, we assessed the risk posed if aquarium release activities extend to Chaetomorpha. Here we address the propensity for vegetative fragmentation, a primary contributor to the breadth of the Caulerpa invasions, as a potential invasion risk for Chaetomorpha. We monitored fragment generation of 10 purchases of Chaetomorpha from aquarium hobby retailers and tested viability of fragments 0.5–10 mm in length at 5, 22 and 30 °C. We found that Chaetomorpha can survive from fragments as small as 0.5 mm (one live cell). Abundance of viable fragments generated during shipping ranged from 28 to 6,266 per purchase. In 9 of 10 trials, survival was independent of starting length, indicating that small size will not limit potential establishment. Fragments in these purchases had low survival at 5°, but one purchase showed high survival at all temperatures. With high survivorship of small fragments and large numbers of fragments generated, we caution that aquarium strains of Chaetomorpha may pose a threat if released into natural waterways and encourage educational outreach strategies which focus on changing releasing behaviors rather than promoting “safe” alternatives to invasive ornamentals.
Woodhouse Kirill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Diversity of tropical macroalgae in the New Zealand marine aquarium trade
'Victoria University of Wellington Library', 2020Co-Authors: Woodhouse KirillAbstract:Exotic species often slip through international borders undetected. Many perish but for some species introduction to a foreign land or sea brings release from natural enemies and a chance to establish a population. Increased global trade has increased the frequency of species introductions through stowaways and lapses in biosecurity. Once an invader is established there is the opportunity for explosive population growth at the detriment of native species and humans. The marine aquarium trade is a significant vector of species introductions, including algal introductions. The most publicized introduction from aquaria was the release of the green alga Caulerpa taxifolia from the Oceanographic Museum in Monaco. C. taxifolia introduction had large negative impacts on the invaded ecosystem. Molecular barcoding of tropical macroalgae entering the New Zealand aquarium trade was implemented using various molecular markers (cox1, cox3, rbcL tufA, LSU). Both NCBI Blast searches and maximum-likelihood phylogenies were used to identify the isolates. A total of 62 species of tropical macroalgae were identified from coral rocks imported into New Zealand, plus samples from reef hobbyists. Some species found are known as invasive elsewhere, for example, Caulerpa cylindracea, C. racemosa, C. sertularioides, Ulva ohnoi and Chaetomorpha vieillardii. All three major groups of algae were well represented in my findings with 26 species of red algae, 24 species of green algae and 12 species of brown algae. Temperature tolerance limits are the largest determinant in survival in algae, while salinity and pH are less significant. Temperature tolerance of tropical algae to the minimum Sea Surface Temperature in Auckland (14°C) and Wellington (11°C) was tested. My results show that one species Chaetomorpha vieillardii can survive at Auckland minimum winter sea surface temperatures. Our findings have important implications for New Zealand biosecurity, as not only are a large diversity of exotic macroalgae entering the New Zealand marine aquarium trade unregulated, but there is also the potential for them to survive in New Zealand waters.
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Diversity of tropical macroalgae in the New Zealand marine aquarium trade
2020Co-Authors: Woodhouse KirillAbstract:Exotic species often slip through international borders undetected. Many perish but for some species introduction to a foreign land or sea brings release from natural enemies and a chance to establish a population. Increased global trade has increased the frequency of species introductions through stowaways and lapses in biosecurity. Once an invader is established there is the opportunity for explosive population growth at the detriment of native species and humans. The marine aquarium trade is a significant vector of species introductions, including algal introductions. The most publicized introduction from aquaria was the release of the green alga Caulerpa taxifolia from the Oceanographic Museum in Monaco. C. taxifolia introduction had large negative impacts on the invaded ecosystem. Molecular barcoding of tropical macroalgae entering the New Zealand aquarium trade was implemented using various molecular markers (cox1, cox3, rbcL tufA, LSU). Both NCBI Blast searches and maximum-likelihood phylogenies were used to identify the isolates. A total of 62 species of tropical macroalgae were identified from coral rocks imported into New Zealand, plus samples from reef hobbyists. Some species found are known as invasive elsewhere, for example, Caulerpa cylindracea, C. racemosa, C. sertularioides, Ulva ohnoi and Chaetomorpha vieillardii. All three major groups of algae were well represented in my findings with 26 species of red algae, 24 species of green algae and 12 species of brown algae. Temperature tolerance limits are the largest determinant in survival in algae, while salinity and pH are less significant. Temperature tolerance of tropical algae to the minimum Sea Surface Temperature in Auckland (14°C) and Wellington (11°C) was tested. My results show that one species Chaetomorpha vieillardii can survive at Auckland minimum winter sea surface temperatures. Our findings have important implications for New Zealand biosecurity, as not only are a large diversity of exotic macroalgae entering the New Zealand marine aquarium trade unregulated, but there is also the potential for them to survive in New Zealand waters.
Olivier De Clerck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Atypical development of Chaetomorpha antennina in culture (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta)
Phycological Research, 2011Co-Authors: Frederik Leliaert, S. D'hondt, L. Tyberghein, Heroen Verbruggen, Olivier De ClerckAbstract:SUMMARY The green seaweed genus Chaetomorpha is characterized by unbranched filaments. Molecular phylogenetic data indicate that Chaetomorpha forms a clade that is nested in a paraphyletic assemblage of branched species (Cladophora). It follows that the unbranched condition is evolutionarily conserved and likely evolved early in the evolution of this clade. In this study we show that under laboratory culture conditions, the filaments of C. antennina frequently produce lateral branches, similar to Cladophora. Our results thus indicate that the unbranched thallus architecture is not entirely genetically constrained, but at least in part subject to morphological plasticity. Additionally, culture observations of C. antennina allowed a detailed study of rhizoidal development, which seems unique among Cladophorales.
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Chaetomorpha philippinensis (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta), a new marine microfilamentous green alga from tropical waters
Phycologia, 2011Co-Authors: Frederik Leliaert, Dioli Ann Payo, Hilconida P. Calumpong, Olivier De ClerckAbstract:A new marine microfilamentous green alga, Chaetomorpha philippinensis Leliaert sp. nov., is described as an epiphyte on Chaetomorpha vieillardii from shallow subtidal habitats in the Philippines. Phylogenetic analyses of large subunit rDNA and rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences show that the new tropical species is sister to the cold-water Chaetomorpha norvegica, from which it is genetically clearly distinct but morphologically almost indistinguishable. Chaetomorpha philippinensis is characterized by minute, straight or curved, unbranched, erect filaments up to 300 mm long and 7–17 mm in diameter, attached by a basal, hapteroid holdfast. Filaments in culture are similar in morphology but grow considerably longer with slightly larger cells. The cylindrical cells are multinucleate with up to eight nuclei (up to 18 in culture). Cells contain a single, parietal, lobed chloroplast with numerous small perforations and one to several pyrenoids. Zoosporangia develop by transformation of apical and subapical cells with zoids emerging through a domed pore in the apical, middle or basal part of the cell.