The Experts below are selected from a list of 282 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Louis J Guillette - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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morphology and histochemistry of juvenile male american alligator alligator mississippiensis phallus
Anatomical Record-advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 2012Co-Authors: Brandon C Moore, Ketan Mathavan, Louis J GuilletteAbstract:Phalli of male crocodilians transfer sperm to female cloaca during sexual intercourse, resulting in internal fertilization. For over a century there have been scientific descriptions of crocodilian phallus morphologies; however, little work has presented detailed cellular-level analyses of these structures. Here we present a histological investigation of the complex functional anatomy of the juvenile male American alligator phallus, including fibrous and vascular erectile structures, a variety of secretory epithelium morphologies, and observed immune cells. Using 3D reconstruction software, we show the shape and location of vascular erectile tissues within the phallus. Histochemical staining detected mucin-rich secretory cells in glandular epithelial cells of the phallic shaft and also of the semen-conducting ventral sulcus. Lymphoid aggregates, lymphocytes, and epithelial mucin coats suggest an active immune system in the phallus defending from both the external and intracloacal environments. These results better characterize the complexity of the alligator phallus and predict later reproductive functions during adulthood. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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variation in sex steroids and phallus size in juvenile american alligators alligator mississippiensis collected from 3 sites within the kissimmee everglades drainage in florida usa
Chemosphere, 2004Co-Authors: Mark P Gunderson, Dieldrich S Bermudez, Teresa A Bryan, Satish Degala, Thea M Edwards, S A E Kools, Matthew R Milnes, Allan R Woodward, Louis J GuilletteAbstract:Abstract This 3-year study was designed to examine variation in plasma sex steroids, phallus size, and the standard error (S.E.) associated with these endpoints in juvenile alligators collected from 3 sites within the Kissimmee-Everglades drainage (Florida, USA) with varying concentrations of sediment organochlorine contaminants. We hypothesized that decreased plasma sex steroid concentrations and phallus size would be observed in the higher contaminant site when compared to the intermediate and lower contaminant sites. Furthermore, we hypothesized that greater S.E. associated with these endpoints would be observed for the populations from more contaminated sites. We found that differences existed with females from the higher contaminant site exhibiting lower plasma estradiol-17β (E 2 ) and testosterone (T) concentrations. Males from the higher contaminant site exhibited smaller phallus sizes than males from the intermediate and lower contaminant sites. Smaller phallus size in this case differed from that reported in Lake Apopka male alligators [Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 116 (1999) 356] in that a significant positive relationship between body size and phallus size existed. No difference among sites was observed in plasma T for males. Lower S.E. was associated with E 2 and T concentrations in females from the higher contaminant site and in phallus size in males from the higher contaminant site. This pattern was opposite to what we had hypothesized. We concluded that variation in plasma E 2 and T concentrations, phallus size, and the S.E. associated with these endpoints exists among the 3 sites with the patterns matching the patterns of organochlorine contamination, although S.E. patterns were opposite to what was predicted.
Jooho Chung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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free radical scavenging effect of diospyros kaki laminaria japonica and undaria pinnatifida
Fitoterapia, 2002Co-Authors: Soon Ah Kang, Ryo Won Choue, Kanghyun Leem, Sung Hyun Chung, Jooho ChungAbstract:Abstract Diospyros kaki folium, Laminaria japonica Thallus and Undaria pinnatifida Thallus have been used traditionally in Korea to promote maternal health. The scavenging activity against DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radicals of the methanol extracts of these plants were investigated. The extract of D. kaki was found to be the most potent, with an IC 50 value of 0.11 mg/ml.
Song Wendong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Protective Effect of Thallus Laminariae Oligosaccharide on Testis in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Traditional Chinese Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacology, 2020Co-Authors: Song WendongAbstract:Objective To study the effect of Thallus Laminariae oligosaccharide solution on testis in rats with type-2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Type 2 diabetes mellitus models were induced by feeding with high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats.Rats were divided into groups and treated with Thallus Laminariae oligosaccharide at the concentrations of 1 000,500,250 mg·kg-1 by intragastric administration once a day for continuous 8 weeks.Blood was collected for the examination of blood glucose,serum insulin and testosterone levels.MDA,SOD and CAT levels were detected to evaluate the effect of Thallus Laminariae oligosaccharide solution on oxidative damage of testis tissue.Testis histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin(HE) to examine the reparation of Thallus Laminariae oligosaccharide solution on testis tissue.The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in testis tissue was detected by immunohistochemical method.Results Significant decrease in blood glucose and significant increase in serum insulin and testosterone were shown in oligosaccharide-treated rats.Significant decrease in MDA and significant increase in SOD and CAT activity were presented in the testis of diabetic rats.The results of HE staining of testis histological sections showed that Thallus Laminariae oligosaccharide solution repaired the damage of testis to some extent.The results of immunohistochemical assay demonstrated that the expression of VEGF in Thallus Laminariae oligosaccharide groups decreased to different degrees compared with that in the negative control group.Conclusion Thallus Laminariae oligosaccharide shows certain reparation of testis tissue and enhances the testosterone secretion in the diabetic rats.The mechanism may be associated with anti-oxidative damage and with the decrease of VEGF expression.
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Protective effect of Thallus laminariae oligosaccharide on liver in type-2 diabetic rats
Chinese Journal of Marine Drugs, 2020Co-Authors: Song WendongAbstract:Objective To study the protective effect of Thallus laminariae oligosaccharide on liver in type-2 diabetic rats.Methods Type 2 diabetes mellitus models were induced by high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in sixty male Sprague Dawley rats.The rats were divided into groups and treated with Thallus laminariae oligosaccharide by intragastric administration once a day continuously for eight weeks.The hepatic biochemical indices of serum and liver tissues were assayed and,histology was performed to examine structural changes in the liver.Results The levels of FBG,TC,TG,AST,ALT and MDA content in liver tissues of test groups were significantly reduced(P0.05 and P0.01) than that of model group,while serum insulin,HDL-C,SOD and CAT activities in liver tissues were significantly elevated.The liver cells were regularly arranged with some fat droplets.Conclusion Thallus laminariae oligosaccharide improves hepatic function in the streptozotocin-induced rat model of type-2 diabetes,it can mitigate and potentially reverse the liver damage associated with type-2 diabetes.
Mark P Gunderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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variation in sex steroids and phallus size in juvenile american alligators alligator mississippiensis collected from 3 sites within the kissimmee everglades drainage in florida usa
Chemosphere, 2004Co-Authors: Mark P Gunderson, Dieldrich S Bermudez, Teresa A Bryan, Satish Degala, Thea M Edwards, S A E Kools, Matthew R Milnes, Allan R Woodward, Louis J GuilletteAbstract:Abstract This 3-year study was designed to examine variation in plasma sex steroids, phallus size, and the standard error (S.E.) associated with these endpoints in juvenile alligators collected from 3 sites within the Kissimmee-Everglades drainage (Florida, USA) with varying concentrations of sediment organochlorine contaminants. We hypothesized that decreased plasma sex steroid concentrations and phallus size would be observed in the higher contaminant site when compared to the intermediate and lower contaminant sites. Furthermore, we hypothesized that greater S.E. associated with these endpoints would be observed for the populations from more contaminated sites. We found that differences existed with females from the higher contaminant site exhibiting lower plasma estradiol-17β (E 2 ) and testosterone (T) concentrations. Males from the higher contaminant site exhibited smaller phallus sizes than males from the intermediate and lower contaminant sites. Smaller phallus size in this case differed from that reported in Lake Apopka male alligators [Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 116 (1999) 356] in that a significant positive relationship between body size and phallus size existed. No difference among sites was observed in plasma T for males. Lower S.E. was associated with E 2 and T concentrations in females from the higher contaminant site and in phallus size in males from the higher contaminant site. This pattern was opposite to what we had hypothesized. We concluded that variation in plasma E 2 and T concentrations, phallus size, and the S.E. associated with these endpoints exists among the 3 sites with the patterns matching the patterns of organochlorine contamination, although S.E. patterns were opposite to what was predicted.
Knut Asbjorn Solhaug - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The significance of Thallus size for the water economy of the cyanobacterial old-forest lichen Degelia plumbea
Oecologia, 1998Co-Authors: Yngvar Gauslaa, Knut Asbjorn SolhaugAbstract:Rosette-formed, circular thalli of Degelia plumbea were studied in the laboratory. Regardless of Thallus size, the optimal quantum yield of photosystem II (FV/FM) remained at a high, constant level during a drying cycle starting with fully hydrated thalli until the Thallus water content reached about 200%. Net photo- synthesis reached a maximum level at this hydration level. Thereafter, both FV/FM and net photosynthesis fell rapidly to zero at a water content of somewhat less than 100%. There was a highly significant, positive relationship between Thallus size and the water-holding capacity, as well as a strong, negative correlation between size and water loss per Thallus area. Consequently, an increase in Thallus size from 1 to 36 cm2 lead to a tenfold prolon- gation of the photosynthetically active period during a drying cycle at a low radiation regime. The improved water-holding capacity in larger thalli is mainly a result of a thicker hypoThallus. The fast desiccation of small thalli suggests that the regeneration of D. plumbea could be severely hampered by nearby logging that raises the evaporative demand by increasing radiation loads and wind exposure at remaining lichen sites.
