The Experts below are selected from a list of 10385253 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Pascal Yiou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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attribution of extreme weather and climate related events
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 2016Co-Authors: Peter A Stott, Nikolaos Christidis, Friederike E L Otto, Ying Sun, Jeanpaul Vanderlinden, Geert Jan Van Oldenborgh, Robert Vautard, Hans Von Storch, Peter Walton, Pascal YiouAbstract:Extreme weather and climate-related events occur in a particular place, by definition, infrequently. It is therefore challenging to detect systematic changes in their occurrence given the relative shortness of observational records. However, there is a clear interest from outside the climate science community in the extent to which recent damaging extreme events can be linked to human-induced climate change or natural climate variability. Event attribution studies seek to determine to what extent anthropogenic climate change has altered the probability or magnitude of particular events. They have shown clear evidence for human influence having increased the probability of many extremely warm seasonal temperatures and reduced the probability of extremely cold seasonal temperatures in many parts of the world. The evidence for human influence on the probability of extreme precipitation events, droughts, and storms is more mixed. Although the science of event attribution has developed rapidly in recent years, geographical coverage of events remains patchy and based on the interests and capabilities of individual research groups. The development of operational event attribution would allow a more timely and methodical production of attribution assessments than currently obtained on an ad hoc basis. For event attribution assessments to be most useful, remaining scientific uncertainties need to be robustly assessed and the results clearly communicated. This requires the continuing development of methodologies to assess the reliability of event attribution results and further work to understand the potential utility of event attribution for stakeholder groups and decision makers. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:23–41. doi: 10.1002/wcc.380 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Hilary Boudet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Local adaptation policy responses to extreme weather events
Policy Sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Leanne Giordono, Hilary Boudet, Alexander Gard-murrayAbstract:At a global level, climate change is expected to result in more frequent and higher-intensity weather events, with impacts ranging from inconvenient to catastrophic. The potential for disasters to act as “focusing events” for policy change, including adaptation to climate change risk, is well known. Moreover, local action is an important element of climate change adaptation and related risk management efforts. As such, there is a good reason to expect local communities to mobilize in response to disaster events, both with immediate response and recovery-focused activities, as well as longer-term preparedness and adaptation-focused public policy changes. However, scholars also note that the experience of disaster does not always yield policy change; indeed, disasters can also result in policy inertia and failure, perhaps as often or more often than major policy change. This study poses two key research questions. First, we ask to what degree policy change occurs in communities impacted by an extreme weather event. Second, we seek to understand the conditions that lead to adaptation-oriented policy adoption in response to an extreme weather event. Our results suggest two main recipes for future-oriented policy adoption in the wake of an extreme weather event. For both recipes, a high-impact event is a necessary condition for future-oriented policy adoption. In the first recipe for change, policy adoption occurs in Democratic communities with highly focused media attention. The second, less expected recipe for change involves Republican communities that have experienced other uncommon weather events in the recent past. We use a comparative case approach with 15 cases and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis methods. Our approach adds to the existing literature on policy change and local adaptation by selecting a mid-N range of cases where extreme weather events have the potential to act as focusing events, thereby sidestepping selection on the dependent variable. Our approach also takes advantage of a novel method for measuring attention, the latent Dirichlet allocation approach.
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event attribution and partisanship shape local discussion of climate change after extreme weather
Nature Climate Change, 2020Co-Authors: Hilary Boudet, Leanne Giordono, Chad Zanocco, Hannah Satein, Hannah WhitleyAbstract:Extreme weather events may provide opportunities to raise public awareness and spur action to address climate change. Using concepts from the study of social movements, we conducted a systematic comparative-case analysis of 15 communities that experienced extreme weather events in the United States between 2012 and 2015 to identify under what conditions, and through what mechanisms, the experience of an extreme weather event generates community discussion and collective action linked to climate change. Although collective action related to climate change was rare post-event, we observed community discussion about the event’s link to climate change in slightly more than half of the cases, especially in Democratic and/or highly educated communities that experienced events for which attribution to climate change is more certain. Our results suggest that, although a single event may have limited impact on discussion or collective action about climate change, partisanship and an event’s attribution to climate change matter. Extreme weather events may raise public awareness of climate change. This comparative-case analysis shows that single events had limited impact on climate change discussion, but this was more common in Democratic communities and for weather events with a more certain attribution to climate change.
Harmen J Warringa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of topological charge change in heavy ion collisions event by event p and cp violation
Nuclear Physics, 2008Co-Authors: Dmitri E Kharzeev, Larry Mclerran, Harmen J WarringaAbstract:Abstract Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) contains field configurations which can be characterized by a topological invariant, the winding number Q w . Configurations with non-zero Q w break the charge-parity ( CP ) symmetry of QCD. We consider a novel mechanism by which these configurations can separate charge in the presence of a background magnetic field—the “chiral magnetic effect”. We argue that sufficiently large magnetic fields are created in heavy ion collisions so that the chiral magnetic effect causes preferential emission of charged particles along the direction of angular momentum. Since separation of charge is CP -odd, any observation of the chiral magnetic effect could provide a clear demonstration of the topological nature of the QCD vacuum. We give an estimate of the effect and conclude that it might be observed experimentally.
Leanne Giordono - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Local adaptation policy responses to extreme weather events
Policy Sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Leanne Giordono, Hilary Boudet, Alexander Gard-murrayAbstract:At a global level, climate change is expected to result in more frequent and higher-intensity weather events, with impacts ranging from inconvenient to catastrophic. The potential for disasters to act as “focusing events” for policy change, including adaptation to climate change risk, is well known. Moreover, local action is an important element of climate change adaptation and related risk management efforts. As such, there is a good reason to expect local communities to mobilize in response to disaster events, both with immediate response and recovery-focused activities, as well as longer-term preparedness and adaptation-focused public policy changes. However, scholars also note that the experience of disaster does not always yield policy change; indeed, disasters can also result in policy inertia and failure, perhaps as often or more often than major policy change. This study poses two key research questions. First, we ask to what degree policy change occurs in communities impacted by an extreme weather event. Second, we seek to understand the conditions that lead to adaptation-oriented policy adoption in response to an extreme weather event. Our results suggest two main recipes for future-oriented policy adoption in the wake of an extreme weather event. For both recipes, a high-impact event is a necessary condition for future-oriented policy adoption. In the first recipe for change, policy adoption occurs in Democratic communities with highly focused media attention. The second, less expected recipe for change involves Republican communities that have experienced other uncommon weather events in the recent past. We use a comparative case approach with 15 cases and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis methods. Our approach adds to the existing literature on policy change and local adaptation by selecting a mid-N range of cases where extreme weather events have the potential to act as focusing events, thereby sidestepping selection on the dependent variable. Our approach also takes advantage of a novel method for measuring attention, the latent Dirichlet allocation approach.
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event attribution and partisanship shape local discussion of climate change after extreme weather
Nature Climate Change, 2020Co-Authors: Hilary Boudet, Leanne Giordono, Chad Zanocco, Hannah Satein, Hannah WhitleyAbstract:Extreme weather events may provide opportunities to raise public awareness and spur action to address climate change. Using concepts from the study of social movements, we conducted a systematic comparative-case analysis of 15 communities that experienced extreme weather events in the United States between 2012 and 2015 to identify under what conditions, and through what mechanisms, the experience of an extreme weather event generates community discussion and collective action linked to climate change. Although collective action related to climate change was rare post-event, we observed community discussion about the event’s link to climate change in slightly more than half of the cases, especially in Democratic and/or highly educated communities that experienced events for which attribution to climate change is more certain. Our results suggest that, although a single event may have limited impact on discussion or collective action about climate change, partisanship and an event’s attribution to climate change matter. Extreme weather events may raise public awareness of climate change. This comparative-case analysis shows that single events had limited impact on climate change discussion, but this was more common in Democratic communities and for weather events with a more certain attribution to climate change.
Hannah Whitley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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event attribution and partisanship shape local discussion of climate change after extreme weather
Nature Climate Change, 2020Co-Authors: Hilary Boudet, Leanne Giordono, Chad Zanocco, Hannah Satein, Hannah WhitleyAbstract:Extreme weather events may provide opportunities to raise public awareness and spur action to address climate change. Using concepts from the study of social movements, we conducted a systematic comparative-case analysis of 15 communities that experienced extreme weather events in the United States between 2012 and 2015 to identify under what conditions, and through what mechanisms, the experience of an extreme weather event generates community discussion and collective action linked to climate change. Although collective action related to climate change was rare post-event, we observed community discussion about the event’s link to climate change in slightly more than half of the cases, especially in Democratic and/or highly educated communities that experienced events for which attribution to climate change is more certain. Our results suggest that, although a single event may have limited impact on discussion or collective action about climate change, partisanship and an event’s attribution to climate change matter. Extreme weather events may raise public awareness of climate change. This comparative-case analysis shows that single events had limited impact on climate change discussion, but this was more common in Democratic communities and for weather events with a more certain attribution to climate change.