The Experts below are selected from a list of 9357 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Tong Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Suggestion on tax policy for promoting the PPP projects of Charging Infrastructure in China
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018Co-Authors: Tong Yang, Ruyin Long, Wen Bo LiAbstract:Tax is an exogenous variable of the vehicle Charging Infrastructure in a Public–Private Partnership (PPP), and tax policy will play a great role in regulation during the contract cooperation in PPP mode for vehicle Charging Infrastructure. This study analyzed the relevant tax policy of China's current vehicle Charging Infrastructure PPP projects, and identified several problems, such as a low level of legislation, lack of fairness, many ambiguous areas, lack of refinement, obsolete tax incentives, lack of pertinence, low degree of policy coordination and poor systematization. To perfect the tax policy of a vehicle Charging Infrastructure PPP project, it is necessary to give policy suggestions based on the establishment of rules and regulations, classification of tax-related expenditure, construction of differentiated dynamic tax preferential policies and construction of a multi-level coordination and supporting policy system. Project experience should also be summarized, to create a favorable tax policy environment for the forecasted rapid development of vehicle Charging Infrastructures.
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innovative application of the public private partnership model to the electric vehicle Charging Infrastructure in china
Sustainability, 2016Co-Authors: Tong Yang, Ruyin Long, Saif Ur RehmanAbstract:The electric vehicle Charging Infrastructure is in the initial development period in China, where there is an imbalanced supply and demand structure, an increasingly mature institutional environment, and an imperfect support system. The Infrastructure is important for supplying energy to electric vehicles, and it needs to be provided in a reasonable manner with a moderately advanced layout. Due to large-scale investment, unclear financing rights and responsibilities, a single participant, interlinked risks, and other factors, “absence” and “dislocation” of the Charging Infrastructure coexist. The public–private partnership (PPP) model is an effective supply path for the Infrastructure. Thus, introducing the PPP model into the Charging Infrastructure can leverage social capital, eases the burden on local finance, enhances the level of project management and profitability, and reduces construction and operation risks. For the participant level of PPP projects in the Charging Infrastructure, the present study elucidates the support mechanisms required by the government, social capital, and intermediaries in order to construct an effective Charging Infrastructure in China.
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Innovative Application of the Public–Private Partnership Model to the Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in China
Sustainability, 2016Co-Authors: Tong Yang, Wen Bo Li, Ruyin Long, Saif RehmanAbstract:The electric vehicle Charging Infrastructure is in the initial development period in China, where there is an imbalanced supply and demand structure, an increasingly mature institutional environment, and an imperfect support system. The Infrastructure is important for supplying energy to electric vehicles, and it needs to be provided in a reasonable manner with a moderately advanced layout. Due to large-scale investment, unclear financing rights and responsibilities, a single participant, interlinked risks, and other factors, “absence” and “dislocation” of the Charging Infrastructure coexist. The public–private partnership (PPP) model is an effective supply path for the Infrastructure. Thus, introducing the PPP model into the Charging Infrastructure can leverage social capital, eases the burden on local finance, enhances the level of project management and profitability, and reduces construction and operation risks. For the participant level of PPP projects in the Charging Infrastructure, the present study elucidates the support mechanisms required by the government, social capital, and intermediaries in order to construct an effective Charging Infrastructure in China.
Saif Ur Rehman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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innovative application of the public private partnership model to the electric vehicle Charging Infrastructure in china
Sustainability, 2016Co-Authors: Tong Yang, Ruyin Long, Saif Ur RehmanAbstract:The electric vehicle Charging Infrastructure is in the initial development period in China, where there is an imbalanced supply and demand structure, an increasingly mature institutional environment, and an imperfect support system. The Infrastructure is important for supplying energy to electric vehicles, and it needs to be provided in a reasonable manner with a moderately advanced layout. Due to large-scale investment, unclear financing rights and responsibilities, a single participant, interlinked risks, and other factors, “absence” and “dislocation” of the Charging Infrastructure coexist. The public–private partnership (PPP) model is an effective supply path for the Infrastructure. Thus, introducing the PPP model into the Charging Infrastructure can leverage social capital, eases the burden on local finance, enhances the level of project management and profitability, and reduces construction and operation risks. For the participant level of PPP projects in the Charging Infrastructure, the present study elucidates the support mechanisms required by the government, social capital, and intermediaries in order to construct an effective Charging Infrastructure in China.
Ruyin Long - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Suggestion on tax policy for promoting the PPP projects of Charging Infrastructure in China
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018Co-Authors: Tong Yang, Ruyin Long, Wen Bo LiAbstract:Tax is an exogenous variable of the vehicle Charging Infrastructure in a Public–Private Partnership (PPP), and tax policy will play a great role in regulation during the contract cooperation in PPP mode for vehicle Charging Infrastructure. This study analyzed the relevant tax policy of China's current vehicle Charging Infrastructure PPP projects, and identified several problems, such as a low level of legislation, lack of fairness, many ambiguous areas, lack of refinement, obsolete tax incentives, lack of pertinence, low degree of policy coordination and poor systematization. To perfect the tax policy of a vehicle Charging Infrastructure PPP project, it is necessary to give policy suggestions based on the establishment of rules and regulations, classification of tax-related expenditure, construction of differentiated dynamic tax preferential policies and construction of a multi-level coordination and supporting policy system. Project experience should also be summarized, to create a favorable tax policy environment for the forecasted rapid development of vehicle Charging Infrastructures.
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innovative application of the public private partnership model to the electric vehicle Charging Infrastructure in china
Sustainability, 2016Co-Authors: Tong Yang, Ruyin Long, Saif Ur RehmanAbstract:The electric vehicle Charging Infrastructure is in the initial development period in China, where there is an imbalanced supply and demand structure, an increasingly mature institutional environment, and an imperfect support system. The Infrastructure is important for supplying energy to electric vehicles, and it needs to be provided in a reasonable manner with a moderately advanced layout. Due to large-scale investment, unclear financing rights and responsibilities, a single participant, interlinked risks, and other factors, “absence” and “dislocation” of the Charging Infrastructure coexist. The public–private partnership (PPP) model is an effective supply path for the Infrastructure. Thus, introducing the PPP model into the Charging Infrastructure can leverage social capital, eases the burden on local finance, enhances the level of project management and profitability, and reduces construction and operation risks. For the participant level of PPP projects in the Charging Infrastructure, the present study elucidates the support mechanisms required by the government, social capital, and intermediaries in order to construct an effective Charging Infrastructure in China.
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Innovative Application of the Public–Private Partnership Model to the Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in China
Sustainability, 2016Co-Authors: Tong Yang, Wen Bo Li, Ruyin Long, Saif RehmanAbstract:The electric vehicle Charging Infrastructure is in the initial development period in China, where there is an imbalanced supply and demand structure, an increasingly mature institutional environment, and an imperfect support system. The Infrastructure is important for supplying energy to electric vehicles, and it needs to be provided in a reasonable manner with a moderately advanced layout. Due to large-scale investment, unclear financing rights and responsibilities, a single participant, interlinked risks, and other factors, “absence” and “dislocation” of the Charging Infrastructure coexist. The public–private partnership (PPP) model is an effective supply path for the Infrastructure. Thus, introducing the PPP model into the Charging Infrastructure can leverage social capital, eases the burden on local finance, enhances the level of project management and profitability, and reduces construction and operation risks. For the participant level of PPP projects in the Charging Infrastructure, the present study elucidates the support mechanisms required by the government, social capital, and intermediaries in order to construct an effective Charging Infrastructure in China.
Jan Kluge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Public Charging Infrastructure and the market diffusion of electric vehicles
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2020Co-Authors: Ulrike Illmann, Jan KlugeAbstract:Abstract A comprehensive roll-out of public Charging Infrastructure will be costly. However, its impact on the diffusion of electric vehicles (EVs) is not clear. Our study aims at estimating the extent to which an increasing availability of public Charging Infrastructure promotes consumers decisions to switch to EVs. We make use of a German data set including monthly registrations of new cars at the ZIP-code level between 2012 and 2017 and match it with the official registry of Charging stations. We measure Charging Infrastructure by its quantity, capacity and abundance in order to estimate its impact on EV adoption. A dynamic heterogeneous panel approach is deployed in order to identify the structural long-run relationship between Charging Infrastructure and monthly EV registrations. We find evidence of a positive long-run relationship (and also of a causal link) but on a rather low scale. We conclude that consumers do not necessarily react to the mere number of public chargers but attach more importance to Charging speed and are to a large extent influenced by unobservable common factors.
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Public Charging Infrastructure and the Market Diffusion of Electric Vehicles
2019Co-Authors: Ulrike Illmann, Jan KlugeAbstract:A comprehensive roll-out of public Charging Infrastructure will be costly. However, its impact on the diffusion of electric vehicles (EVs) is not clear at all. Our study aims at estimating the extent to which an increasing availability of public Charging Infrastructure promotes consumers’ decisions to switch to EVs. We make use of a German data set including monthly registrations of new cars at the ZIP-code level between 2012 and 2017 and match it with the official registry of Charging stations. We measure Charging Infrastructure by its visibility, capacity and abundance in order to estimate its impact on EV adoption. A CS-ARDL approach is deployed in order to identify the structural long-run relationship between Charging Infrastructure and monthly EV registrations. There is evidence of a positive long-run relationship but on a rather low scale. We conclude that consumers do not necessarily react to the mere number of chargers but attach more importance to Charging speed.
Patrick Plötz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Invest in fast-Charging Infrastructure or in longer battery ranges? A cost-efficiency comparison for Germany
Applied Energy, 2019Co-Authors: Simon Árpád Funke, Patrick Plötz, Martin WietschelAbstract:Abstract To reach ambitious CO2 mitigation targets, the transport sector has to become nearly emission-free and the most promising option for passenger cars are battery electric vehicles (BEV) powered using renewable energy. Despite their important benefits, BEV still face technological barriers, mainly their limited battery range and the limited availability of public fast-Charging Infrastructure. These factors are hindering the diffusion of electric vehicles (EV). The question of how to address these technical barriers has been widely analyzed in the literature, but so far there has been no cost-efficiency comparison of longer battery ranges and more widespread fast-Charging Infrastructure that evaluates them both technically and economically. This paper aims to find cost-efficient ways to address limited battery ranges and availability of public fast-Charging Infrastructure. We focus on German passenger cars that are licensed to commercial owners, since these are an important first market for EV. Our results indicate that fast-Charging Infrastructure is very cost-efficient as it enables significant proportions of BEV in the fleet at low Infrastructure density. The technically feasible maximum BEV shares in the commercial sector can only be achieved with longer battery ranges. However, longer battery ranges are currently associated with comparatively high additional costs.
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Consumer preferences for public Charging Infrastructure for electric vehicles
Transport Policy, 2019Co-Authors: Joachim Globisch, Patrick Plötz, Elisabeth Dütschke, Martin WietschelAbstract:Abstract The lack of public Charging Infrastructure is often referred to as an important barrier to the diffusion of electric vehicles. As the construction of Charging stations is a costly endeavour, the question arises as to how maximum benefit for potential users can be achieved with limited resources. Therefore, our analysis deals with the factors that influence the attractiveness of public Charging Infrastructure from the perspective of potential users. Our analysis is based on the assessments of 1003 German car drivers on possible future Charging Infrastructure systems with different configurations regarding spatial coverage, Charging duration and usage costs. We examined the preferences with regard to these features using a rating-based conjoint analysis. We also looked into the question of whether groups of car drivers can be identified that are characterised by specific preference constellations with regard to these features. Our key finding is that the majority of car drivers are unwilling to pay a basic fee for the possibility of using public Charging Infrastructure. Nevertheless, there are subgroups that value the public Charging Infrastructure more than other car drivers. In addition to implications for possible business models, this result indicates that public Charging Infrastructure could be important for attracting other target groups to electromobility besides classic early adopters of electric vehicles. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the Charging duration at Charging stations in cities and along the highway has a strong influence on the evaluation of the public Charging Infrastructure. The spatial coverage with Charging stations in cities and along the highway, on the other hand, has a weaker influence. A central conclusion from this is that the existence of fast-Charging stations should be prioritized over a close-meshed coverage with Charging points when the Charging Infrastructure is expanded.
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How much Charging Infrastructure do electric vehicles need? A review of the evidence and international comparison
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2019Co-Authors: Simon Funke, Till Gnann, Frances Sprei, Patrick PlötzAbstract:Abstract Plug-In electric vehicles (PEV) are in an early market phase in almost all markets. Still, the lack of public Charging Infrastructure is a barrier to PEV adoption. The assessment of future Charging Infrastructure needs is often based on key figures, mainly the ratio of PEV to public Charging points. However, countries differ regarding their framework conditions, e.g. the availability of home Charging, and the question of how much public Charging Infrastructure is needed cannot be answered equally for all countries. Yet, studies analyzing the framework conditions for the medium- to long-term demand for Charging Infrastructure are rare. Here, we review the existing literature and summarize the evidence for the importance of framework conditions on Charging Infrastructure needs. Furthermore, we illustrate the literature evidence by comparing the framework conditions for Charging Infrastructure in different countries based on a comprehensive dataset of framework parameters. We find public Charging Infrastructure as alternative to home Charging is only needed in some densely populated areas. However, framework conditions vary largely among countries. Accordingly, findings from literature for specific countries can only be transferred to other countries to a limited extent.
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Consumer evaluation of public Charging Infrastructure for electric vehicles
2018Co-Authors: Joachim Globisch, Patrick Plötz, Elisabeth Dütschke, Martin WietschelAbstract:The lack of public Charging Infrastructure is often referred to as an important barrier to the diffusion of electric vehicles. As the construction of Charging stations is a costly endeavour, the question arises as to how maximum benefit for potential users can be achieved with limited resources. Therefore, our analysis deals with the factors that influence the attractiveness of public Charging Infrastructure from the perspective of potential users. Our analysis is based on the assessments of 1003 German car drivers on possible future Charging Infrastructure systems with different configurations regarding spatial coverage, Charging duration and usage costs. We examined the preferences with regard to these features using a rating-based conjoint analysis. We also looked into the question of whether groups of car drivers can be identified that are characterised by specific preference constellations with regard to these features. Our key finding is that the majority of car drivers are unwilling to pay a basic fee for the possibility of using public Charging Infrastructure. Nevertheless, there are subgroups that value the public Charging infra-structure more than other car drivers. In addition to implications for possible business models, this result indicates that public Charging Infrastructure could be important for attracting other target groups to electromobility besides classic early adopters of electric vehicles. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the Charging duration at Charging stations in cities and along the high-way has a strong influence on the evaluation of the public Charging Infrastructure. The spatial coverage with Charging stations in cities and along the highway, on the other hand, has a weaker influence. A central conclusion from this is that the existence of fast-Charging stations should be prioritized over a close-meshed coverage with Charging points when the Charging Infrastructure is expanded than.
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A Model for Public Fast Charging Infrastructure Needs
World Electric Vehicle Journal, 2016Co-Authors: Till Gnann, Patrick Plötz, Daniel Goldbach, Niklas Jakobsson, Anders Bennehag, Frances SpreiAbstract:Plug-in electric vehicles can reduce GHG emissions although the low availability of public Charging Infrastructure combined with short driving ranges prevents potential users from adoption. The rollout and operation, especially of public fast Charging Infrastructure, is very costly. Therefore, policy makers, car manufacturers and Charging Infrastructure providers are interested in determining a number of Charging stations that is sufficient. Since most studies focus on the placement and not on the determination of the number of Charging stations, this paper proposes a model for the quantification of public fast Charging points. We first analyze a large database of German driving profiles to obtain the viable share of plug-in electric vehicles in 2030 and determine the corresponding demand for fast Charging events. Special focus lies on a general formalism of a queuing system for Charging points. This approach allows us to quantify the capacity provided per Charging point and the required quantity. Furthermore, we take a closer look on the stochastic occupancy rate of Charging points for a certain service level and the distribution of the time users have to wait in the queue. When applying this model to Germany, we find about 15,000 fast Charging points with 50 kW necessary in 2030 or ten fast Charging point per 1,000 BEVs. When compared with existing Charging data from Sweden, this is lower than the currently existing 36 fast Charging points per 1,000 BEVs. Furthermore, we compare the models output of Charging event distribution over the day with that of the real data and find a qualitatively similar load of the Charging network, though with a small shift towards later in the day for the model.