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Kai Sundmacher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • assessment of methanol synthesis utilizing exhaust co2 for Chemical Storage of electrical Energy
    Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2010
    Co-Authors: Liisa Rihkostruckmann, Andreas Peschel, Richard Hankerauschenbach, Kai Sundmacher
    Abstract:

    The thermodynamic and operational boundaries to store electrical Energy Chemically are evaluated in this contribution. Methanol is considered as a candidate for Chemical Energy Storage. The production of methanol from exhaust CO 2 could be one way to recyle CO 2 and lower the global CO 2 emissions. Energetic analysis reveals that exergy losses are most severe in the parts of the system when electrical Energy is converted to Chemical (electrolysis) and when Chemical Energy is converted to electrical (power generation). In methanol production, the exergetic efficiency is 83.1%, when the Chemical exergy of hydrogen and methanol, the exergy of the power input and the released heat are taken into consideration. The exergetic efficiency of the overall Energy conversion-Storage system including methanol as Storage medium was evaluated to be between 16.2 and 20.0% depending on the applied conversion technology. Methanol is suitable not only as stationary Energy Storage, but it could also be used as fuel for transportation. The Energy Storage system with hydrogen as Storage medium shows higher exergetic efficiency than the methanol route. However, the Storage of hydrogen is clearly more complex and cost-intensive.

  • assessment of methanol synthesis utilizing exhaust co2 for Chemical Storage of electrical Energy
    Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2010
    Co-Authors: Liisa Rihkostruckmann, Andreas Peschel, Richard Hankerauschenbach, Kai Sundmacher
    Abstract:

    The thermodynamic and operational boundaries to store electrical Energy Chemically are evaluated in this contribution. Methanol is considered as a candidate for Chemical Energy Storage. The production of methanol from exhaust CO2 could be one way to recyle CO2 and lower the global CO2 emissions. Energetic analysis reveals that exergy losses are most severe in the parts of the system when electrical Energy is converted to Chemical (electrolysis) and when Chemical Energy is converted to electrical (power generation). In methanol production, the exergetic efficiency is 83.1%, when the Chemical exergy of hydrogen and methanol, the exergy of the power input and the released heat are taken into consideration. The exergetic efficiency of the overall Energy conversion-Storage system including methanol as Storage medium was evaluated to be between 16.2 and 20.0% depending on the applied conversion technology. Methanol is suitable not only as stationary Energy Storage, but it could also be used as fuel for transpor...

Robert Schlögl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chemical Energy Storage enables the transformation of fossil Energy systems to sustainability
    Green Chemistry, 2021
    Co-Authors: Robert Schlögl
    Abstract:

    The quest for the sustainable Energy transition requires replacing fossil fuels by renewable electricity (RE). Systems of Energy supply consist of both electrons and molecules as Energy carriers. It is thus essential to interconvert both types of carriers. Capitalizing on the intrinsic efficiency of using electrons it is desirable to electrify in the sustainable system more end Energy applications than in the fossil system being fully based upon molecular carriers. This does not eliminate the need to retain molecules as Energy carriers in a substantial fraction of a whole Energy system. The application “Energy Storage” as example compensates the volatility of RE and is thus critical to any Energy transition. Chemical Energy conversion (CEC) is the critical science and technology to eliminate fossil fuels, to create circular Energy economies and to enable global exchange of RE. This paper describes generic structural features and dimensions of CEC.

  • Chemical Energy Storage: Part of a systemic solution
    EPJ Web of Conferences, 2017
    Co-Authors: Robert Schlögl
    Abstract:

    This paper is a primer into concepts and opportunities of Chemical Energy Storage. Starting from the quest for decarbonisation we reveal the possibilities of Chemical Energy Storage. We briefly discuss the critical role of catalysis as enabling technology. We concentrate on options of large-scale production of Chemicals from CO2 and green hydrogen. We discuss one potential application of fueling future combustion engines that could run with minimal regulated emissions without exhaust purifications and legal tricks.

  • methanol synthesis from industrial co2 sources a contribution to Chemical Energy conversion
    Catalysis Letters, 2017
    Co-Authors: Marina Bukhtiyarova, Thomas Lunkenbein, Kevin Kahler, Robert Schlögl
    Abstract:

    CO2 hydrogenation as a route for the Chemical Energy Storage over a commercial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst has been studied. To check the optimal conditions for an efficient methanol production the influence of temperature and space velocity on the catalytic performance has been demonstrated. Time-on-stream measurements in the absence and the presence of benzene in the gas feed mixture were performed to investigate the possibility to use alternative carbon sources, which contain traces of aromatics. The catalyst can operate in a stable way without the presence of carbon monoxide in the feed, which means that increased water contents in the product gas cannot destroy the catalyst’s performance completely. The presence of benzene in the feed does not lead to a deactivation of the catalyst. With these findings methanol production starting from exhaust gases from steel mills seems to become an interesting alternative for sustainable methanol production.

Liisa Rihkostruckmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • electroChemical oxidation of carbon containing fuels and their dynamics in low temperature fuel cells
    ChemPhysChem, 2011
    Co-Authors: Tanja Vidakovickoch, Ulrike Krewer, Liisa Rihkostruckmann
    Abstract:

    Fuel cells can convert the Energy that is Chemically stored in a compound into electrical Energy with high efficiency. Hydrogen could be the first choice for Chemical Energy Storage, but its utilization is limited due to Storage and transport difficulties. Carbon-containing fuels store Chemical Energy with significantly higher Energy density, which makes them excellent Energy carriers. The electro-oxidation of carbon-containing fuels without prior reforming is a more challenging and complex process than anodic hydrogen oxidation. The current understanding of the direct electro-oxidation of carbon-containing fuels in low-temperature fuel cells is reviewed. Furthermore, this review covers various aspects of electro-oxidation for carbon-containing fuels in non-steady-state reaction conditions. Such dynamic investigations open possibilities to elucidate detailed reaction kinetics, to sense fuel concentration, or to diagnose the fuel-cell state during operation. Motivated by the challenge to decrease the consumption of fossil fuel, the production routes of the fuels from renewable resources also are reviewed.

  • assessment of methanol synthesis utilizing exhaust co2 for Chemical Storage of electrical Energy
    Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2010
    Co-Authors: Liisa Rihkostruckmann, Andreas Peschel, Richard Hankerauschenbach, Kai Sundmacher
    Abstract:

    The thermodynamic and operational boundaries to store electrical Energy Chemically are evaluated in this contribution. Methanol is considered as a candidate for Chemical Energy Storage. The production of methanol from exhaust CO 2 could be one way to recyle CO 2 and lower the global CO 2 emissions. Energetic analysis reveals that exergy losses are most severe in the parts of the system when electrical Energy is converted to Chemical (electrolysis) and when Chemical Energy is converted to electrical (power generation). In methanol production, the exergetic efficiency is 83.1%, when the Chemical exergy of hydrogen and methanol, the exergy of the power input and the released heat are taken into consideration. The exergetic efficiency of the overall Energy conversion-Storage system including methanol as Storage medium was evaluated to be between 16.2 and 20.0% depending on the applied conversion technology. Methanol is suitable not only as stationary Energy Storage, but it could also be used as fuel for transportation. The Energy Storage system with hydrogen as Storage medium shows higher exergetic efficiency than the methanol route. However, the Storage of hydrogen is clearly more complex and cost-intensive.

  • assessment of methanol synthesis utilizing exhaust co2 for Chemical Storage of electrical Energy
    Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2010
    Co-Authors: Liisa Rihkostruckmann, Andreas Peschel, Richard Hankerauschenbach, Kai Sundmacher
    Abstract:

    The thermodynamic and operational boundaries to store electrical Energy Chemically are evaluated in this contribution. Methanol is considered as a candidate for Chemical Energy Storage. The production of methanol from exhaust CO2 could be one way to recyle CO2 and lower the global CO2 emissions. Energetic analysis reveals that exergy losses are most severe in the parts of the system when electrical Energy is converted to Chemical (electrolysis) and when Chemical Energy is converted to electrical (power generation). In methanol production, the exergetic efficiency is 83.1%, when the Chemical exergy of hydrogen and methanol, the exergy of the power input and the released heat are taken into consideration. The exergetic efficiency of the overall Energy conversion-Storage system including methanol as Storage medium was evaluated to be between 16.2 and 20.0% depending on the applied conversion technology. Methanol is suitable not only as stationary Energy Storage, but it could also be used as fuel for transpor...

Annelies Vandersickel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • design of a mw scale thermo Chemical Energy Storage reactor
    Energy Reports, 2018
    Co-Authors: M Angerer, S Harzschel, Konstantin Kroper, Stephan Gleis, M. Becker, Annelies Vandersickel
    Abstract:

    The reversible exothermic reaction of CaO with water is considered one of the most promising reactions for high temperature thermal Energy Storage. In this paper, a novel technical design of a MW-scale thermoChemical Energy Storage reactor for this reaction is presented. The aim is to provide an easy, modular and scalable reactor, suitable for industrial scale application. The reactor concept features a bubbling fluidized bed with a continuous, guided solid flow and immersed heat exchanger tubes. To investigate the reactor design, a model is build using clustered CSTRs. The technical feasibility of the concept is proven in experimental tests, which are also used to identify key parameters of the model. Fluidization of the fine CaO/Ca(OH)2 powder was found to be challenging, but problems were overcome using mild calcination conditions and a special gas distributor plate. Using the model, it is found, that a thermal power of 15MWcan be expected from a reactor volume of 100m3. To study influences of different parameters on the reactor model performance, a sensitivity analysis is carried out and heat transfer between the reactor and the immersed heat exchangers is found to have by far the largest influence and the reaction system performance. Future research should therefore focus more on heat transfer.

  • Design of a MW-scale thermo-Chemical Energy Storage reactor
    Elsevier, 2018
    Co-Authors: M Angerer, S Harzschel, Konstantin Kroper, Stephan Gleis, Annelies Vandersickel, M. Becker, Hartmut Spliethoff
    Abstract:

    The reversible exothermic reaction of CaO with water is considered one of the most promising reactions for high temperature thermal Energy Storage. In this paper, a novel technical design of a MW-scale thermoChemical Energy Storage reactor for this reaction is presented. The aim is to provide an easy, modular and scalable reactor, suitable for industrial scale application. The reactor concept features a bubbling fluidized bed with a continuous, guided solid flow and immersed heat exchanger tubes. To investigate the reactor design, a model is build using clustered CSTRs. The technical feasibility of the concept is proven in experimental tests, which are also used to identify key parameters of the model. Fluidization of the fine CaO/Ca(OH)2 powder was found to be challenging, but problems were overcome using mild calcination conditions and a special gas distributor plate. Using the model, it is found, that a thermal power of 15 MW can be expected from a reactor volume of 100 m3. To study influences of different parameters on the reactor model performance, a sensitivity analysis is carried out and heat transfer between the reactor and the immersed heat exchangers is found to have by far the largest influence and the reaction system performance. Future research should therefore focus more on heat transfer. Keywords: Thermal Energy Storage, CaO/Ca(OH)2, Fluidized bed, Large scal

M Angerer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • design of a mw scale thermo Chemical Energy Storage reactor
    Energy Reports, 2018
    Co-Authors: M Angerer, S Harzschel, Konstantin Kroper, Stephan Gleis, M. Becker, Annelies Vandersickel
    Abstract:

    The reversible exothermic reaction of CaO with water is considered one of the most promising reactions for high temperature thermal Energy Storage. In this paper, a novel technical design of a MW-scale thermoChemical Energy Storage reactor for this reaction is presented. The aim is to provide an easy, modular and scalable reactor, suitable for industrial scale application. The reactor concept features a bubbling fluidized bed with a continuous, guided solid flow and immersed heat exchanger tubes. To investigate the reactor design, a model is build using clustered CSTRs. The technical feasibility of the concept is proven in experimental tests, which are also used to identify key parameters of the model. Fluidization of the fine CaO/Ca(OH)2 powder was found to be challenging, but problems were overcome using mild calcination conditions and a special gas distributor plate. Using the model, it is found, that a thermal power of 15MWcan be expected from a reactor volume of 100m3. To study influences of different parameters on the reactor model performance, a sensitivity analysis is carried out and heat transfer between the reactor and the immersed heat exchangers is found to have by far the largest influence and the reaction system performance. Future research should therefore focus more on heat transfer.

  • Design of a MW-scale thermo-Chemical Energy Storage reactor
    Elsevier, 2018
    Co-Authors: M Angerer, S Harzschel, Konstantin Kroper, Stephan Gleis, Annelies Vandersickel, M. Becker, Hartmut Spliethoff
    Abstract:

    The reversible exothermic reaction of CaO with water is considered one of the most promising reactions for high temperature thermal Energy Storage. In this paper, a novel technical design of a MW-scale thermoChemical Energy Storage reactor for this reaction is presented. The aim is to provide an easy, modular and scalable reactor, suitable for industrial scale application. The reactor concept features a bubbling fluidized bed with a continuous, guided solid flow and immersed heat exchanger tubes. To investigate the reactor design, a model is build using clustered CSTRs. The technical feasibility of the concept is proven in experimental tests, which are also used to identify key parameters of the model. Fluidization of the fine CaO/Ca(OH)2 powder was found to be challenging, but problems were overcome using mild calcination conditions and a special gas distributor plate. Using the model, it is found, that a thermal power of 15 MW can be expected from a reactor volume of 100 m3. To study influences of different parameters on the reactor model performance, a sensitivity analysis is carried out and heat transfer between the reactor and the immersed heat exchangers is found to have by far the largest influence and the reaction system performance. Future research should therefore focus more on heat transfer. Keywords: Thermal Energy Storage, CaO/Ca(OH)2, Fluidized bed, Large scal