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Sophie Hallaspland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • use of midazolam pethidine and tiletamine zolazepam combinations for the Chemical Restraint of leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx
    Marine Mammal Science, 2002
    Co-Authors: Damien P Higgins, Tracey L Rogers, Andrew D Irvine, Sophie Hallaspland
    Abstract:

    We immobilized 200-550-kg leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) on sea ice in Prydz Bay, Antarctica (68°25'S, 77°10'E) between November 1997 and February 2000. Midazolam (0.18-0.27 mg/kg)/ pethidine (1.0-1.5 mg/kg) was administered by dart to 16 leopard seals. Unpredictable immobilization, poor airway maintenance, and our inability to fully assess the suitability of flumazenil (0.003-0.01 mg/kg), naloxone (0.01-0.013 mg/kg), and naltrex-one (0.05-0.12 mg/kg) as reversal agents limited suitability of midazolam/ pethidine. Tiletamine/zolazepam 1:1 (0.5-1.5 mg/kg) was, therefore, administered to 19 leopard seals. It produced faster induction (19 ± 3 min), more effective and reliable response to dose (rank correlation: r s = 0.88, n = 18), and better pulmonary ventilation and faster return of cognitive function upon recovery, in comparison to midazolam/pethidine. Best results were achieved with tiletamine/zolazepam (1.2-1.4 mg/kg) which safely immobilized seven of nine seals for 20-30 min. Entry to the water upon darting was minimized, but not eliminated, by the use of lightweight air-pressurized darts and a thorough knowledge of leopard seal behavior.

  • use of midazolam pethidine and tiletamine zolazepam combinations for the Chemical Restraint of leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx
    Marine Mammal Science, 2002
    Co-Authors: Damien P Higgins, Tracey L Rogers, Andrew D Irvine, Sophie Hallaspland
    Abstract:

    We immobilized 200-550-kg leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) on sea ice in Prydz Bay, Antarctica (68°25'S, 77°10'E) between November 1997 and February 2000. Midazolam (0.18-0.27 mg/kg)/ pethidine (1.0-1.5 mg/kg) was administered by dart to 16 leopard seals. Unpredictable immobilization, poor airway maintenance, and our inability to fully assess the suitability of flumazenil (0.003-0.01 mg/kg), naloxone (0.01-0.013 mg/kg), and naltrex-one (0.05-0.12 mg/kg) as reversal agents limited suitability of midazolam/ pethidine. Tiletamine/zolazepam 1:1 (0.5-1.5 mg/kg) was, therefore, administered to 19 leopard seals. It produced faster induction (19 ± 3 min), more effective and reliable response to dose (rank correlation: r s = 0.88, n = 18), and better pulmonary ventilation and faster return of cognitive function upon recovery, in comparison to midazolam/pethidine. Best results were achieved with tiletamine/zolazepam (1.2-1.4 mg/kg) which safely immobilized seven of nine seals for 20-30 min. Entry to the water upon darting was minimized, but not eliminated, by the use of lightweight air-pressurized darts and a thorough knowledge of leopard seal behavior.

Damien P Higgins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • use of midazolam pethidine and tiletamine zolazepam combinations for the Chemical Restraint of leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx
    Marine Mammal Science, 2002
    Co-Authors: Damien P Higgins, Tracey L Rogers, Andrew D Irvine, Sophie Hallaspland
    Abstract:

    We immobilized 200-550-kg leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) on sea ice in Prydz Bay, Antarctica (68°25'S, 77°10'E) between November 1997 and February 2000. Midazolam (0.18-0.27 mg/kg)/ pethidine (1.0-1.5 mg/kg) was administered by dart to 16 leopard seals. Unpredictable immobilization, poor airway maintenance, and our inability to fully assess the suitability of flumazenil (0.003-0.01 mg/kg), naloxone (0.01-0.013 mg/kg), and naltrex-one (0.05-0.12 mg/kg) as reversal agents limited suitability of midazolam/ pethidine. Tiletamine/zolazepam 1:1 (0.5-1.5 mg/kg) was, therefore, administered to 19 leopard seals. It produced faster induction (19 ± 3 min), more effective and reliable response to dose (rank correlation: r s = 0.88, n = 18), and better pulmonary ventilation and faster return of cognitive function upon recovery, in comparison to midazolam/pethidine. Best results were achieved with tiletamine/zolazepam (1.2-1.4 mg/kg) which safely immobilized seven of nine seals for 20-30 min. Entry to the water upon darting was minimized, but not eliminated, by the use of lightweight air-pressurized darts and a thorough knowledge of leopard seal behavior.

  • use of midazolam pethidine and tiletamine zolazepam combinations for the Chemical Restraint of leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx
    Marine Mammal Science, 2002
    Co-Authors: Damien P Higgins, Tracey L Rogers, Andrew D Irvine, Sophie Hallaspland
    Abstract:

    We immobilized 200-550-kg leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) on sea ice in Prydz Bay, Antarctica (68°25'S, 77°10'E) between November 1997 and February 2000. Midazolam (0.18-0.27 mg/kg)/ pethidine (1.0-1.5 mg/kg) was administered by dart to 16 leopard seals. Unpredictable immobilization, poor airway maintenance, and our inability to fully assess the suitability of flumazenil (0.003-0.01 mg/kg), naloxone (0.01-0.013 mg/kg), and naltrex-one (0.05-0.12 mg/kg) as reversal agents limited suitability of midazolam/ pethidine. Tiletamine/zolazepam 1:1 (0.5-1.5 mg/kg) was, therefore, administered to 19 leopard seals. It produced faster induction (19 ± 3 min), more effective and reliable response to dose (rank correlation: r s = 0.88, n = 18), and better pulmonary ventilation and faster return of cognitive function upon recovery, in comparison to midazolam/pethidine. Best results were achieved with tiletamine/zolazepam (1.2-1.4 mg/kg) which safely immobilized seven of nine seals for 20-30 min. Entry to the water upon darting was minimized, but not eliminated, by the use of lightweight air-pressurized darts and a thorough knowledge of leopard seal behavior.

Tracey L Rogers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • use of midazolam pethidine and tiletamine zolazepam combinations for the Chemical Restraint of leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx
    Marine Mammal Science, 2002
    Co-Authors: Damien P Higgins, Tracey L Rogers, Andrew D Irvine, Sophie Hallaspland
    Abstract:

    We immobilized 200-550-kg leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) on sea ice in Prydz Bay, Antarctica (68°25'S, 77°10'E) between November 1997 and February 2000. Midazolam (0.18-0.27 mg/kg)/ pethidine (1.0-1.5 mg/kg) was administered by dart to 16 leopard seals. Unpredictable immobilization, poor airway maintenance, and our inability to fully assess the suitability of flumazenil (0.003-0.01 mg/kg), naloxone (0.01-0.013 mg/kg), and naltrex-one (0.05-0.12 mg/kg) as reversal agents limited suitability of midazolam/ pethidine. Tiletamine/zolazepam 1:1 (0.5-1.5 mg/kg) was, therefore, administered to 19 leopard seals. It produced faster induction (19 ± 3 min), more effective and reliable response to dose (rank correlation: r s = 0.88, n = 18), and better pulmonary ventilation and faster return of cognitive function upon recovery, in comparison to midazolam/pethidine. Best results were achieved with tiletamine/zolazepam (1.2-1.4 mg/kg) which safely immobilized seven of nine seals for 20-30 min. Entry to the water upon darting was minimized, but not eliminated, by the use of lightweight air-pressurized darts and a thorough knowledge of leopard seal behavior.

  • use of midazolam pethidine and tiletamine zolazepam combinations for the Chemical Restraint of leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx
    Marine Mammal Science, 2002
    Co-Authors: Damien P Higgins, Tracey L Rogers, Andrew D Irvine, Sophie Hallaspland
    Abstract:

    We immobilized 200-550-kg leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) on sea ice in Prydz Bay, Antarctica (68°25'S, 77°10'E) between November 1997 and February 2000. Midazolam (0.18-0.27 mg/kg)/ pethidine (1.0-1.5 mg/kg) was administered by dart to 16 leopard seals. Unpredictable immobilization, poor airway maintenance, and our inability to fully assess the suitability of flumazenil (0.003-0.01 mg/kg), naloxone (0.01-0.013 mg/kg), and naltrex-one (0.05-0.12 mg/kg) as reversal agents limited suitability of midazolam/ pethidine. Tiletamine/zolazepam 1:1 (0.5-1.5 mg/kg) was, therefore, administered to 19 leopard seals. It produced faster induction (19 ± 3 min), more effective and reliable response to dose (rank correlation: r s = 0.88, n = 18), and better pulmonary ventilation and faster return of cognitive function upon recovery, in comparison to midazolam/pethidine. Best results were achieved with tiletamine/zolazepam (1.2-1.4 mg/kg) which safely immobilized seven of nine seals for 20-30 min. Entry to the water upon darting was minimized, but not eliminated, by the use of lightweight air-pressurized darts and a thorough knowledge of leopard seal behavior.

Andrew D Irvine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • use of midazolam pethidine and tiletamine zolazepam combinations for the Chemical Restraint of leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx
    Marine Mammal Science, 2002
    Co-Authors: Damien P Higgins, Tracey L Rogers, Andrew D Irvine, Sophie Hallaspland
    Abstract:

    We immobilized 200-550-kg leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) on sea ice in Prydz Bay, Antarctica (68°25'S, 77°10'E) between November 1997 and February 2000. Midazolam (0.18-0.27 mg/kg)/ pethidine (1.0-1.5 mg/kg) was administered by dart to 16 leopard seals. Unpredictable immobilization, poor airway maintenance, and our inability to fully assess the suitability of flumazenil (0.003-0.01 mg/kg), naloxone (0.01-0.013 mg/kg), and naltrex-one (0.05-0.12 mg/kg) as reversal agents limited suitability of midazolam/ pethidine. Tiletamine/zolazepam 1:1 (0.5-1.5 mg/kg) was, therefore, administered to 19 leopard seals. It produced faster induction (19 ± 3 min), more effective and reliable response to dose (rank correlation: r s = 0.88, n = 18), and better pulmonary ventilation and faster return of cognitive function upon recovery, in comparison to midazolam/pethidine. Best results were achieved with tiletamine/zolazepam (1.2-1.4 mg/kg) which safely immobilized seven of nine seals for 20-30 min. Entry to the water upon darting was minimized, but not eliminated, by the use of lightweight air-pressurized darts and a thorough knowledge of leopard seal behavior.

  • use of midazolam pethidine and tiletamine zolazepam combinations for the Chemical Restraint of leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx
    Marine Mammal Science, 2002
    Co-Authors: Damien P Higgins, Tracey L Rogers, Andrew D Irvine, Sophie Hallaspland
    Abstract:

    We immobilized 200-550-kg leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) on sea ice in Prydz Bay, Antarctica (68°25'S, 77°10'E) between November 1997 and February 2000. Midazolam (0.18-0.27 mg/kg)/ pethidine (1.0-1.5 mg/kg) was administered by dart to 16 leopard seals. Unpredictable immobilization, poor airway maintenance, and our inability to fully assess the suitability of flumazenil (0.003-0.01 mg/kg), naloxone (0.01-0.013 mg/kg), and naltrex-one (0.05-0.12 mg/kg) as reversal agents limited suitability of midazolam/ pethidine. Tiletamine/zolazepam 1:1 (0.5-1.5 mg/kg) was, therefore, administered to 19 leopard seals. It produced faster induction (19 ± 3 min), more effective and reliable response to dose (rank correlation: r s = 0.88, n = 18), and better pulmonary ventilation and faster return of cognitive function upon recovery, in comparison to midazolam/pethidine. Best results were achieved with tiletamine/zolazepam (1.2-1.4 mg/kg) which safely immobilized seven of nine seals for 20-30 min. Entry to the water upon darting was minimized, but not eliminated, by the use of lightweight air-pressurized darts and a thorough knowledge of leopard seal behavior.

Harry R Burton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • use of the respiratory stimulant doxapram in southern elephant seals mirounga leonina
    Veterinary Record, 1996
    Co-Authors: R Woods, S C Nicol, David J. Slip, Stuart Mclean, Harry R Burton
    Abstract:

    The use of doxapram to stimulate breathing was examined in southern elephant seals Chemically restrained with ketamine and xylazine. Animals which were breathing spontaneously received doxapram (approximately 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 mg/kg) or saline into the extradural intravertebral vein. Doxapram caused a dose-dependent increase in the depth and rate of respiration which began within one minute, peaked after two minutes and lasted for up to five minutes. A dose of 2 mg/kg appeared to be safe and effective for the stimulation of respiration, while 4 mg/kg caused arousal and shaking. Doxapram (2 mg/kg) was tested on 14 occasions in animals which had developed apnoea during Chemical Restraint. Doxapram had no effect when administered into the extradural intravertebral vein and appeared to be of more benefit when administered directly into the lungs via an endotracheal tube, but it was not effective in all cases. There was evidence to suggest that the endotracheal tube prevented some of the animals from breathing. The effect of intubation and endotracheal doxapram administration was therefore examined in 19 apnoeic and 31 spontaneously breathing seals. Intubation induced apnoea in animals at low levels of Chemical Restraint and endotracheal doxapram was unreliable for the stimulation of breathing.

  • antagonism of some cyclohexamine based drug combinations used for Chemical Restraint of southern elephant seals mirounga leonina
    Australian Veterinary Journal, 1995
    Co-Authors: R Woods, S C Nicol, Stuart Mclean, Harry R Burton
    Abstract:

    SUMMARY This study examined the use of 4 antagonists of Chemical Restraint in mature female southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) that were restrained with ketamine and diazepam, ketamine and xylazine, or tiletamine and zolazepam. The antagonists were: 4-aminopyridine, yohimbine, doxapram and sarmazenil. The effects of the antagonists on the animal's time to first movement forward and recovery, heart rate, respiratory rate and venous blood gas and pH values, and level of Chemical Restraint were recorded. Sarmazenil (1.0 mg/kg) and doxapram (5.0 mg/kg) partially antagonised 50:1 ketamine: diazepam (ketamine = 3.0 mg/kg, diazepam = 0.06 mg/kg) and tiletamine and zolazepam (tiletamine = 0.5 mg/kg, zolazepam = 0.5 mg/kg). However, the rapid recovery after low doses of anaesthetics means that antagonism is usually unnecessary, and it may increase the likelihood of shaking. Routine antagonism of ketamine and xylazine (ketamine = 3.0 mg/kg, xylazine = 0.5 mg/kg) is more useful given its usually delayed recovery time and potential for thermoregulatory problems. For this purpose yohimbine (0.06 mg/kg) offered advantages over doxapram in giving a smoother recovery with less aggression. 4-aminopyridine (0.2 mg/kg) prolonged Chemical Restraint by 100:1 ketamine: diazepam (ketamine = 3.0 mg/kg, diazepam = 0.03 mg/kg) and ketamine and xylazine, and should be contraindicated. Doxapram (5.0 mg/kg) was the most useful general antagonist for all groups of drugs but shaking was seen and a lower dose is recommended.