The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Lei Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Icephobicity of Penguins Spheniscus Humboldti and an Artificial Replica of Penguin Feather with Air-Infused Hierarchical Rough Structures
    Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2016
    Co-Authors: Shuying Wang, Zhongjia Yang, Juntao Wu, Jingming Wang, Guangming Gong, Shunkun Yang, Lei Jiang
    Abstract:

    Although penguins live in the world’s coldest environment, frost and ice are seldom found on their feathers. That is to say, their feathers exhibit excellent antifrosting or anti-icing properties. We found that their air-infused microscale and nanoscale hierarchical rough structures endow the body feathers of penguins Spheniscus humboldti with hydrophobicity (water CA ≈ 147°) and antiadhesion characteristics (water adhesive force ≈ 23.4 μN), even for supercooled water microdroplets. A polyimide nanofiber membrane with novel microstructures was prepared on an asymmetric electrode by electrospinning, acting as an artificial replica of a penguin’s body feather. The unique microstructure of the polyimide nanofiber membrane results in a density gradient of the surface Chemical Substance, which is crucial to the formation of gradient changes of the contact angle and adhesive force. With decrease of the density of the surface Chemical Substance (i.e., with increase of the distance between adjacent fibers), the s...

  • Icephobicity of Penguins Spheniscus Humboldti and an Artificial Replica of Penguin Feather with Air-Infused Hierarchical Rough Structures
    Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2016
    Co-Authors: Shuying Wang, Zhongjia Yang, Juntao Wu, Jingming Wang, Guangming Gong, Shunkun Yang, Lei Jiang
    Abstract:

    Although penguins live in the world?s coldest environment, frost and ice are seldom found on their feathers. That is to say, their feathers exhibit excellent antifrosting or anti-icing properties. We found that their air-infused microscale and nanoscale hierarchical rough structures endow the body feathers of penguins Spheniscus humboldti with hydrophobicity (water CA ≈ 147°) and antiadhesion characteristics (water adhesive force ≈ 23.4 ?N), even for supercooled water microdroplets. A polyimide nanofiber membrane with novel microstructures was prepared on an asymmetric electrode by electrospinning, acting as an artificial replica of a penguin?s body feather. The unique microstructure of the polyimide nanofiber membrane results in a density gradient of the surface Chemical Substance, which is crucial to the formation of gradient changes of the contact angle and adhesive force. With decrease of the density of the surface Chemical Substance (i.e., with increase of the distance between adjacent fibers), the static water contact angles decreased from ?154° to ?105° and the water adhesion forces increased from 37 to 102 ?N. Polyimide nanofibers pin a few supercooled water microdroplets. By increasing the distance of adjacent polyimide fibers, coalescence between the pinned water microdroplets was prevented. The polyimide fiber membrane achieved icephobicity.\nAlthough penguins live in the world?s coldest environment, frost and ice are seldom found on their feathers. That is to say, their feathers exhibit excellent antifrosting or anti-icing properties. We found that their air-infused microscale and nanoscale hierarchical rough structures endow the body feathers of penguins Spheniscus humboldti with hydrophobicity (water CA ≈ 147°) and antiadhesion characteristics (water adhesive force ≈ 23.4 ?N), even for supercooled water microdroplets. A polyimide nanofiber membrane with novel microstructures was prepared on an asymmetric electrode by electrospinning, acting as an artificial replica of a penguin?s body feather. The unique microstructure of the polyimide nanofiber membrane results in a density gradient of the surface Chemical Substance, which is crucial to the formation of gradient changes of the contact angle and adhesive force. With decrease of the density of the surface Chemical Substance (i.e., with increase of the distance between adjacent fibers), the static water contact angles decreased from ?154° to ?105° and the water adhesion forces increased from 37 to 102 ?N. Polyimide nanofibers pin a few supercooled water microdroplets. By increasing the distance of adjacent polyimide fibers, coalescence between the pinned water microdroplets was prevented. The polyimide fiber membrane achieved icephobicity.

  • Preparation of Polyimide Nanofiber Membrane with Gradient Wettability by Electrospinning
    Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities-chinese, 2012
    Co-Authors: Shuying Wang, Juntao Wu, Jingming Wang, Guangming Gong, Min Li, Lei Jiang
    Abstract:

    Radial polyimide(PI) nanofiber membrane was prepared on an asymmetric electrode by electrospinning.The morphology and arragement of the nanofiber on the PI membrane were observed by environmental scanning electron microscope(ESEM).The wettability was characterized by the apparent contact angle and the surface adhesive effect was characterized by the high-sensitivity microelectromechanical balance system.The effect of the microstructures on the contact angle and adhesive force was analyzed.The experimental results show that the PI nanofibers exhibit novel gradient microstructures.Particularly,the PI nanofibers were in a radial pattern from dense to sparse along the direction of triangular electrode to curved electrode.The diameter of the PI nanofibers was uniform and their surfaces were smooth.The distance between the adjacent fibers was from a few microns to tens of microns.The unique gradient microstructure of PI nanofiber membrane results in the gradient density of the surface Chemical Substance and they are crucial to the gradient changes of the contact angle and adhesive force.

Fumitoshi Matsuno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • designing pheromone communication in swarm robotics group foraging behavior mediated by Chemical Substance
    Swarm Intelligence, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ryusuke Fujisawa, Shigeto Dobata, Ken Sugawara, Fumitoshi Matsuno
    Abstract:

    In swarm robotics, communication among the robots is essential. Inspired by biological swarms using pheromones, we propose the use of Chemical compounds to realize group foraging behavior in robot swarms. We designed a fully autonomous robot, and then created a swarm using ethanol as the trail pheromone allowing the robots to communicate with one another indirectly via pheromone trails. Our group recruitment and cooperative transport algorithms provide the robots with the required swarm behavior. We conducted both simulations and experiments with real robot swarms, and analyzed the data statistically to investigate any changes caused by pheromone communication in the performance of the swarm in solving foraging recruitment and cooperative transport tasks. The results show that the robots can communicate using pheromone trails, and that the improvement due to pheromone communication may be non-linear, depending on the size of the robot swarm.

Shuying Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Icephobicity of Penguins Spheniscus Humboldti and an Artificial Replica of Penguin Feather with Air-Infused Hierarchical Rough Structures
    Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2016
    Co-Authors: Shuying Wang, Zhongjia Yang, Juntao Wu, Jingming Wang, Guangming Gong, Shunkun Yang, Lei Jiang
    Abstract:

    Although penguins live in the world’s coldest environment, frost and ice are seldom found on their feathers. That is to say, their feathers exhibit excellent antifrosting or anti-icing properties. We found that their air-infused microscale and nanoscale hierarchical rough structures endow the body feathers of penguins Spheniscus humboldti with hydrophobicity (water CA ≈ 147°) and antiadhesion characteristics (water adhesive force ≈ 23.4 μN), even for supercooled water microdroplets. A polyimide nanofiber membrane with novel microstructures was prepared on an asymmetric electrode by electrospinning, acting as an artificial replica of a penguin’s body feather. The unique microstructure of the polyimide nanofiber membrane results in a density gradient of the surface Chemical Substance, which is crucial to the formation of gradient changes of the contact angle and adhesive force. With decrease of the density of the surface Chemical Substance (i.e., with increase of the distance between adjacent fibers), the s...

  • Icephobicity of Penguins Spheniscus Humboldti and an Artificial Replica of Penguin Feather with Air-Infused Hierarchical Rough Structures
    Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2016
    Co-Authors: Shuying Wang, Zhongjia Yang, Juntao Wu, Jingming Wang, Guangming Gong, Shunkun Yang, Lei Jiang
    Abstract:

    Although penguins live in the world?s coldest environment, frost and ice are seldom found on their feathers. That is to say, their feathers exhibit excellent antifrosting or anti-icing properties. We found that their air-infused microscale and nanoscale hierarchical rough structures endow the body feathers of penguins Spheniscus humboldti with hydrophobicity (water CA ≈ 147°) and antiadhesion characteristics (water adhesive force ≈ 23.4 ?N), even for supercooled water microdroplets. A polyimide nanofiber membrane with novel microstructures was prepared on an asymmetric electrode by electrospinning, acting as an artificial replica of a penguin?s body feather. The unique microstructure of the polyimide nanofiber membrane results in a density gradient of the surface Chemical Substance, which is crucial to the formation of gradient changes of the contact angle and adhesive force. With decrease of the density of the surface Chemical Substance (i.e., with increase of the distance between adjacent fibers), the static water contact angles decreased from ?154° to ?105° and the water adhesion forces increased from 37 to 102 ?N. Polyimide nanofibers pin a few supercooled water microdroplets. By increasing the distance of adjacent polyimide fibers, coalescence between the pinned water microdroplets was prevented. The polyimide fiber membrane achieved icephobicity.\nAlthough penguins live in the world?s coldest environment, frost and ice are seldom found on their feathers. That is to say, their feathers exhibit excellent antifrosting or anti-icing properties. We found that their air-infused microscale and nanoscale hierarchical rough structures endow the body feathers of penguins Spheniscus humboldti with hydrophobicity (water CA ≈ 147°) and antiadhesion characteristics (water adhesive force ≈ 23.4 ?N), even for supercooled water microdroplets. A polyimide nanofiber membrane with novel microstructures was prepared on an asymmetric electrode by electrospinning, acting as an artificial replica of a penguin?s body feather. The unique microstructure of the polyimide nanofiber membrane results in a density gradient of the surface Chemical Substance, which is crucial to the formation of gradient changes of the contact angle and adhesive force. With decrease of the density of the surface Chemical Substance (i.e., with increase of the distance between adjacent fibers), the static water contact angles decreased from ?154° to ?105° and the water adhesion forces increased from 37 to 102 ?N. Polyimide nanofibers pin a few supercooled water microdroplets. By increasing the distance of adjacent polyimide fibers, coalescence between the pinned water microdroplets was prevented. The polyimide fiber membrane achieved icephobicity.

  • Preparation of Polyimide Nanofiber Membrane with Gradient Wettability by Electrospinning
    Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities-chinese, 2012
    Co-Authors: Shuying Wang, Juntao Wu, Jingming Wang, Guangming Gong, Min Li, Lei Jiang
    Abstract:

    Radial polyimide(PI) nanofiber membrane was prepared on an asymmetric electrode by electrospinning.The morphology and arragement of the nanofiber on the PI membrane were observed by environmental scanning electron microscope(ESEM).The wettability was characterized by the apparent contact angle and the surface adhesive effect was characterized by the high-sensitivity microelectromechanical balance system.The effect of the microstructures on the contact angle and adhesive force was analyzed.The experimental results show that the PI nanofibers exhibit novel gradient microstructures.Particularly,the PI nanofibers were in a radial pattern from dense to sparse along the direction of triangular electrode to curved electrode.The diameter of the PI nanofibers was uniform and their surfaces were smooth.The distance between the adjacent fibers was from a few microns to tens of microns.The unique gradient microstructure of PI nanofiber membrane results in the gradient density of the surface Chemical Substance and they are crucial to the gradient changes of the contact angle and adhesive force.

Hiroshi Ishida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Device for determining gas source direction that uses peltier elements to collect gas samples
    SENSORS 2012 IEEE, 2012
    Co-Authors: Takuho Midoro, Hiroshi Ishida
    Abstract:

    A new device for determining the direction of a gas source is proposed. Peltier elements are used to transfer heat from the center of the device to its left and right sides. Ascending air currents generated from the warmed sides of the device bring a gaseous Chemical Substance trailing along the floor toward the right and left gas sensors. A descending air current is also generated from the colder central part of the device. This air current works as an air curtain and expands the sensor response difference. Experimental results are presented to show the soundness of the device design.

  • ElectroChemical sensor to determine direction of Chemical flow: Fluid dynamics analysis on sensing probe structure
    SENSORS 2011 IEEE, 2011
    Co-Authors: Tomomi Makishita, Hiroshi Ishida
    Abstract:

    Here we report the results of our investigations on designing an amperometric electroChemical sensor probe with multiple disk working electrodes. The sensor can not only detect a Chemical Substance dissolved in water but also can determine the direction of its flow by using the shielding effect that appears between closely arranged working electrodes. Analysis of angular response characteristics of the sensor using an empirical model of the shielding effect has shown that at least four electrodes are required to determine the two-dimensional Chemical flow direction. We have then fabricated a sensor probe with quadruple disk electrodes. Computational fluid dynamics simulations and sensor response measurements have shown that the proposed sensor responds to the local flow direction near the sensor surface. Therefore, the favorable probe design has turned out to be to arrange sensor electrodes on a round surface to avoid flow separation and backflow generation near the sensor electrodes.

  • Crayfish Robot Equipped with Active Flow Generator to Enhance Chemical Reception
    OCEANS 2008 - MTS IEEE Kobe Techno-Ocean, 2008
    Co-Authors: Mari Ohashi, Yoshinori Kagawa, Tomomichi Nakatsuka, Hiroshi Ishida
    Abstract:

    This paper describes an underwater wheeled robot designed to search for a Chemical source under stagnant flow conditions. In the absence of the flow, the released Chemical stays in the immediate vicinity of the source. Therefore, no Chemical is detected even if the robot is only a few centimeters away from the source. Crayfish in search for food are known to actively generate water currents using their maxillipeds, i.e., the fanning appendages. The generated flow field draws odor samples from distant places to the chemoreceptors. The proposed robot generates water currents by waving small arms that mimic the crayfish maxillipeds. ElectroChemical sensors with four carbon working electrodes detect the collected Chemical Substance. Depending on the direction of the Chemical source, the patch of a Chemical Substance was drawn to a different sensor. Experimental results are presented to show that the flow field generated by waving maxilliped-like arms is more effective in enhancing Chemical reception than that generated by a pump. The proposed crayfish robot can localize a Chemical source with high success rate if the source is placed within the range in which the generated water currents can draw Chemical Substance to the sensors.

Shunsuke Managi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • decomposition of toxic Chemical Substance management in three u s manufacturing sectors from 1991 to 2008
    MPRA Paper, 2012
    Co-Authors: Hidemichi Fujii, Shunsuke Managi
    Abstract:

    This study analyzes toxic Chemical Substance management in three U.S. manufacturing sectors from 1991 to 2008. Decomposition analysis applying the logarithmic mean Divisia index is used to analyze changes in toxic Chemical Substance emissions by the following five factors: cleaner production, end-of-pipe treatment, transfer for further management, mixing of intermediate materials, and production scale. Based on our results, the Chemical manufacturing sector reduced toxic Chemical Substance emissions mainly via end-of-pipe treatment. In the meantime, transfer for further management contributed to the reduction of toxic Chemical Substance emissions in the fabricated metal industry. This occurred because the environmental business market expanded in the 1990s, and the infrastructure for the recycling of metal and other wastes became more efficient. Cleaner production is the main contributor to toxic Chemical reduction in the electrical product industry. This implies that the electrical product industry is successful in developing a more environmentally friendly product design and production process.

  • decomposition of toxic Chemical Substance management in three u s manufacturing sectors from 1991 to 2008
    QUT Business School, 2012
    Co-Authors: Hidemichi Fujii, Shunsuke Managi
    Abstract:

    This study analyzes toxic Chemical Substance management in three U.S. manufacturing sectors from 1991 to 2008. Decomposition analysis applying the logarithmic mean Divisia index is used to analyze changes in toxic Chemical Substance emissions by the following five factors: cleaner production, end-of-pipe treatment, transfer for further management, mixing of intermediate materials, and production scale. Based on our results, the Chemical manufacturing sector reduced toxic Chemical Substance emissions mainly via end-of-pipe treatment. In the meantime, transfer for further management contributed to the reduction of toxic Chemical Substance emissions in the metal fabrication industry. This occurred because the environmental business market expanded in the 1990s, and the infrastructure for the recycling of metal and other wastes became more efficient. Cleaner production is the main contributor to toxic Chemical reduction in the electrical product industry. This implies that the electrical product industry is successful in developing a more environmentally friendly product design and production process.