The Experts below are selected from a list of 477 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Orlando Chavez Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
efecto alelopatico del extracto acuoso de hojas de helianthus annuus sobre la germinacion y crecimiento de plantulas de setaria ungulata y Chenopodium murale
REVISTA REBIOL, 2014Co-Authors: Marlene Rodriguez Espejo, Julio Chico Ruiz, Orlando Chavez WilliamsAbstract:Se determino el efecto alelopatico del extracto acuoso, a las concentraciones de 25, 50 y 100%, de hojas de Helianthus annuus sobre la germinacion y crecimiento de plantulas de Setaria ungulata “rabo de zorro” y Chenopodium murale “ hierba del gallinazo” bajo un diseno completamente al azar con tres repeticiones. Se selecciono 600 semillas de ambas especies, teniendo en cuenta su integridad fisica y tamano, las que fueron germinadas en placas de Petri, razon de 150 semillas en grupos de 50 unidades por tratamiento, con un fotoperiodo de 12 horas de luz y 12 horas de oscuridad, a 23 o C ± 2 °C, para evaluar el porcentaje de germinacion, la longitud de raiz e hipocotilo, a los 07 y 15 dias de crecimiento. Se encontro que el extracto en S. ungulata, a la concentracion del 100%, ocasiono efecto inhibitorio en la germinacion y crecimiento de raiz y de hipocotilo y en Ch. murale, a las concentraciones de 50% y 100%, causo disminucion significativa, tanto en el porcentaje de germinacion como longitud de raiz y de hipocotilo. Palabra clave : Alelopatia, germinacion, Helianthus annuus, Setaria ungulata, Chenopodium murale .
-
Efecto alelopático del extracto acuoso de hojas de Helianthus annuus sobre la germinación y crecimiento de plántulas de Setaria ungulata y Chenopodium murale Allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of Helianthus annuus leaves on germination and seedli
2014Co-Authors: Marlene Rodríguez, Julio Chico Ruiz, Orlando Chavez WilliamsAbstract:Allelopathic effect of aqueous extract, at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 %, Helianthus annuus leaves on germination and seedling growth of Setaria ungulata "fox tail" and Chenopodium murale "vulture grass" was determined under a completely randomized design with three replications. 600 seeds of both species were selected, taking into account their physical integrity and size, which were germinated in Petri dishes, the rate of 150 seeds in groups of 50 units per treatment, with a photoperiod of 12 hours light and 12 hours of dark at 23 ° C ± 2 ° C, to evaluate the germination percentage, root length and hypocotyl, to 07 and 15 days of growth. We found that S. ungulata extract at 100% concentration, caused inhibitory effect on the germination and growth of root and hypocotyl and Ch. murale, at concentrations of 50% and 100% , caused significant decrease both germination percentage and root length and hypocotyl.
Slavica Ninković - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
physiological and cell ultrastructure disturbances in wheat seedlings generated by Chenopodium murale hairy root exudate
Protoplasma, 2018Co-Authors: Nevena Mitic, Mariana Stanisic, Jelena Savic, Tatjana Cosic, J Miljusđukic, Marija Marin, Svetlana Radovic, Nemanja Stanisavljevic, Slavica NinkovićAbstract:Chenopodium murale L. is an invasive weed species significantly interfering with wheat crop. However, the complete nature of its allelopathic influence on crops is not yet fully understood. In the present study, the focus is made on establishing the relation between plant morphophysiological changes and oxidative stress, induced by allelopathic extract. Phytotoxic medium of C. murale hairy root clone R5 reduced the germination rate (24% less than control value) of wheat cv. Natasa seeds, as well as seedling growth, diminishing shoot and root length significantly, decreased total chlorophyll content, and induced abnormal root gravitropism. The R5 treatment caused cellular structural abnormalities, reflecting on the root and leaf cell shape and organization. These abnormalities mostly included the increased number of mitochondria and reorganization of the vacuolar compartment, changes in nucleus shape, and chloroplast organization and distribution. The most significant structural changes were observed in cell wall in the form of amoeboid protrusions and folds leading to its irregular shape. These structural alterations were accompanied by an oxidative stress in tissues of treated wheat seedlings, reflected as increased level of H2O2 and other ROS molecules, an increase of radical scavenging capacity and total phenolic content. Accordingly, the retardation of wheat seedling growth by C. murale allelochemicals may represent a consequence of complex activity involving both cell structure alteration and physiological processes.
-
Hairy root exudates of allelopathic weed Chenopodium murale L. induce oxidative stress and down-regulate core cell cycle genes in Arabidopsis and wheat seedlings
Plant Growth Regulation, 2014Co-Authors: Slavica Dmitrović, Nevena Mitić, Ana Simonović, Jelena Savić, Aleksandar Cingel, Biljana Filipović, Slavica NinkovićAbstract:The effects of Chenopodium murale root exudates, applied as phytotoxic medias (PMs), were tested on Arabidopsis thaliana and Triticum aestivum. The effects of PMs, where wild-type roots (K), hairy roots derived from roots (R clones) or from cotyledons (C clones) were cultured, were different. K medium suppressed Arabidopsis germination, while other PMs reduced root and leaf elongation and the number of rosette leaves. R media were more phytotoxic than C media. Treatment of Arabidopsis with R8 down-regulated expression of core cell cycle genes: cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) A1;1, four B-class CDKs, and cyclins CYCA3;1, CYCB2;4, CYCD4;2 and CYCH1 in root and shoot tips. Only CYCD2;1 transcript was elevated in treated shoots, but down-regulated in roots. Wheat Ta-CDC2 and Ta-CYCD2 genes showed the same expression profiles as their Arabidopsis counterparts, CDKA1;1 and CYCD2;1. PMs also caused increase of antioxidative enzyme activities in both plants. Exposure of Arabidopsis to PMs induced one catalase isoform, but repressed another, resulting in no net change of catalase activity. Wheat seedlings treated with PMs had catalase activity significantly elevated in all treatments, particularly in shoots. In both plants, PMs induced the activity of different peroxidase isozymes and total peroxidase activity. Both plants responded to phytotoxic treatments by induction of CuZn-superoxide dismutase. Thus, the phytotoxicity of C. murale root exudates is, at least partially, based on down-regulation of the cell cycle regulators and on generation of oxidative stress in the affected plants. We propose that C. murale root exudates should be considered as means of biological weed control.
Urbano Fuentes-guerra, José María - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Efectos alelopáticos de extractos acuosos de arvenses sobre la germinación de trigo duro y Lolium Rigidum
Junta de Andalucía: Consejería de Agricultura Pesca y Desarrollo Rural, 2015Co-Authors: López Sariego M.c., Urbano Fuentes-guerra, José María, López Martínez NuriaAbstract:We analyzed the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of plants on durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and Lolium rigidum Gaud., together with joint germination of both plants. Results showed that several extracts stimulated root development and hypocotyl, being proportional to the concentration of the extract, highlighting Urtica sp., Chenopodium murale, Sinapis arvensis and Diplotaxis virgata while Matricaria chamomilla inhibited growth. The extracts tested on L. rigidum decreased root development in the case of Malva parviflora, Daucus carota, Plantago lanceolata, Borago sp. and Papaver rhoeas. Moreover, the joint seed germination of T. durum and L. rigidum resulted in increased both germination and root development of both species.Se han analizado los efectos alelopáticos de extractos acuosos de varias plantas sobre trigo duro (Triticum durum Desf.) y Lolium rigidum Gaud., y la germinación conjunta de las semillas de ambas especies. Los resultados han mostrado que varios extractos estimularon el desarrollo radicular y del hipocótilo, siendo el efecto proporcional a la concentración del extracto, destacando Urtica sp., Chenopodium murale, Sinapis arvensis y Diplotaxis virgata, mientras que Matricaria chamomilla inhibió el crecimiento. Los extractos ensayados sobre L. rigidum disminuyeron el desarrollo radicular en el caso de Malva parviflora, Daucus carota, Plantago lanceolata, Borago sp. y Papaver rhoeas. Por otra parte, la germinación conjunta de semillas del trigo duro y L. rigidum incrementó la germinación y el desarrollo radicular de ambas especie
-
Weed-crop interaction: influence of P and N fertilization
Junta de Andalucía. Consejería de Agricultura Pesca y Desarrollo Rural, 2015Co-Authors: Brenes Gómez Rocío, Recena Garrido Ramiro, Delgado García Antonio, Urbano Fuentes-guerra, José MaríaAbstract:Se presentan los resultados de un ensayo realizado con parejas de plantas (cultivo-cultivo o cultivo-mala hierba) en condiciones controladas con el objetivo de conocer la influencia del abonado en la interacción en las primeras semanas desde la emergencia. Los resultados permiten concluir que: en las especies de emergencia otoñal, el abonado fosfórico no afectó a la biomasa del trigo (acompañado de trigo), pero sí incrementó la biomasa de las arvenses “Chrysanthemum coronarium” y “Centaurea diluta”. El abonado nitrogenado tampoco afectó a la biomasa del cultivo, pero aumentó la de “C. coronarium” y redujo la de “Lolium rigidum”. Además, se ha observado la existencia de interacción ya que la presencia de arvenses de la familia Asteraceae mejoró la respuesta del trigo al abonado fosfórico (de forma significativa en “C. coronarium” y “C. diluta”). Así mismo se ha detectado interacción en el abonado nitrogenado ya que tanto “C. coronarium” como “L. rigidum” mejoraron la respuesta del trigo al abonado. En las especies de verano solo se encontraron diferencias asociadas al abonado fosfórico, que incrementó la biomasa solo en “Echinochloa crus-galli” (acompañada de sorgo). Y también se detectó interacción, ya que en el caso de “Abutilon theophrasti” y “Chenopodium murale” la presencia de la mala hierba mejoró la respuesta del sorgo al abonado fosfórico.An experiment was conducted with paired plants (crop-crop or weed-crop) under controlled conditions, to improve the knowledge of crop fertilization on crop-weed interaction during the early growth stages of the plants. In the winter species studied, added P did not affect wheat (paired with wheat) biomass, but it significantly increased the biomass of “Chrysanthemum coronarium and Centaurea diluta”. Added N did not influence crop biomass, but it caused an increase in “C. coronarium” and a decrease in “Lolium rigidum”. Moreover, the presence of an Asteraceae weed plant improved the crop (wheat) response to P fertilization (mainly in “C. coronarium” and “C. diluta”). Concerning added N, the presence of “C. coronarium” or “L. rigidum” improved crop response to fertilization. In the summer species group, added P increased biomass only in “Echinochloa crus-galli” (paired with sorghum). Nevertheless, crop-weed interaction was also detected in the summer group, as the presence of “Abutilon theophrasti” or “Chenopodium murale” increased the biomass of the crop (sorghum)
Renu Khanna-chopra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Purification and characterization of thermostable monomeric chloroplastic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase from Chenopodium murale
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 2009Co-Authors: Sabarinath Sundaram, Sunil Khanna, Renu Khanna-chopraAbstract:Superoxide dismutase is the first line of defense against oxidative stress and thus helps in maintaining the cellular integrity. Chenopodium murale , a weed species adapted to widely varying climatic conditions faces extremes of temperatures ranging from 4 °C to 45 °C (Tmax) during growth and development. From this plant, we have purified a thermostable chloroplastic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Chl Cu/Zn SOD) to homogeneity using minimal steps. Incubation of lysed chloroplasts at 70 °C for 1h reduced the interference of cytosolic SOD isoforms and reduced the protein content by 75 %. Chloroplastic SOD was purified from the heat stable fraction by gel filtration chromatography. The purified enzyme had a native molecular weight of 24 kDa, a half-life of 47.9 min at 80 °C and showed a single band at 24 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The N-terminus contained the conserved amino acids of chl Cu-Zn SOD. The Chl Cu/Zn SOD protein and its activity were enhanced under very high temperatures, high light intensities and in water stress/recovered C. murale plants under controlled environment conditions. Chl Cu/Zn SOD was also one of the predominant isoforms throughout growing period in field grown plants and declined during senescence. The Chl Cu/Zn SOD activity increased with the increase in ambient temperature and peaked in April with a 45 °C Tmax. These results clearly indicate that the chloroplastic Cu/Zn SOD is stably expressed at extreme environmental conditions. The presence of stable monomeric chloroplastic Cu/Zn SOD might help the plants to maintain the cellular homeostatis against adverse environmental conditions.
-
Heat-stable chloroplastic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase in Chenopodium murale.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2004Co-Authors: Renu Khanna-chopra, S. SabarinathAbstract:Abstract Chenopodium murale is a weed species having wide adaptation to different climatic regimes and experiences a temperature range of 5–45 °C during its life span. Higher temperatures may result in heat stress, which induces higher ROS production leading to oxidative stress in the plant. Superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD, EC.1.15.1.1) is ubiquitous, being widely distributed among O 2 − consuming organisms and is the first line of defense against oxidative stress. In this study, we have characterized the thermostability of the SOD isozymes from C. murale in vitro. The leaf protein extracts, thylakoidal and stromal fractions were subjected to elevated temperatures ranging from 50 °C to boiling and analyzed for activity and isoform pattern of SOD. Out of six SOD isoforms, SOD V showed stability even after boiling the extract for 10 min. Under high temperature treatment (>60 °C) there was an appearance of a new SOD band with higher electrophoretic mobility. The inhibitor studies and subcellular analysis revealed that the SOD V isoform was a chloroplastic Cu/Zn SOD. The stromal Cu/Zn SOD (SOD V) was more stable than the co-migrating thylakoidal isozyme at 80 °C and boiling for 10 min. Hence, we report an unusual, constitutive thermostable chloroplastic Cu/Zn SOD from C. murale , which may contribute towards its heat tolerance.
Cinthya Fiorella - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
efecto alelopatico del extracto acuoso de plantulas de avena sativa avena en la germinacion y crecimiento de Chenopodium murale hierba del gallinazo y amaranthus spinosus yuyo
Repositorio institucional - UNITRU, 2014Co-Authors: Ramirez Obeso, Cinthya FiorellaAbstract:El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo determinar el efecto alelopatico del extracto acuoso de plantulas de Avena sativa L. “avena” sobre la germinacion y crecimiento Chenopodium murale L. “hierba del gallinazo” y Amaranthus spinosus L. “yuyo”. Se preparo un extracto acuoso de plantulas de Avena sativa L. “avena” en una proporcion 1:8 (1 gramo de polvo de avena + 8 mil de agua destilada), el cual fue centrifugado por 5 min a 3000 rpm, obteniendose el sobrenadante a partir del cual se preparo soluciones al 25%, 50%, 100% y un control al 0%. Luego en placas petri conteniendo en su base dos hojas de papel toalla, se colocaron 100 semillas de las malezas anteriormente mencionadas por triplicado y se aplico 10 ml del extracto acuoso de A. sativa L. a concentraciones indicadas. Todos los tratamientos fueron sometidos bajo un fotoperiodo de 12:12 horas luz y oscuridad a 23 °C ± 2°C. Segun los resultados obtenidos se concluye que el extracto acuoso de A. sativa L. “avena” tuvo un efecto alelopatico del 48% en el porcentaje de germinacion de las semillas de Ch. murale L. “hierba del gallinazo” en el tratamiento del 50%. Asimismo, en las semillas de A. spinosus L. “yuyo” causo inhibicion en el tratamiento del 100%. El crecimiento de longitud de raiz e hipocotilo, el peso fresco y seco disminuye a medida que se incrementa la concentracion del extracto acuoso de A. sativa L. Excepto la longitud del hipocotilo de A. spinosus L. en el tratamiento del 25% que alcanzo (2.14 mm), el cual causo un efecto estimulante con respecto al control (1.53mm) a los 10 dias de evaluacion.