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Giuseppe Surico - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bacterial Leaf Spot Caused by the Quarantine Pathogen Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni on Cherry Laurel in Central Italy
Plant disease, 2011Co-Authors: Guido Marchi, Tamara Cinelli, Giuseppe SuricoAbstract:In June 2010, 1-year-old potted plants of Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) cv. Novita showing leaf spot symptoms were collected in a commercial nursery in the district of Pistoia (Tuscany, central Italy). Red-purple necrotic lesions (measuring a few millimeters up to 1 cm) surrounded by a brilliant light green halo were observed on the abaxial surface of symptomatic leaves. With age, the necrotic areas drop out, leaving a "shot-hole" appearance. Microscopic observation revealed the absence of fungal structures, whereas bacteria were isolated from symptomatic tissue on nutrient sucrose agar medium. Purified single colonies appeared mucoid, convex, and yellow on yeast extract-dextrose-CaCO3 agar (YDCA) medium, were positive to the KOH test, and induced hypersensitive responses on tobacco (cv. Virginia Bright). Three isolates were selected arbitrarily for further analysis. A fragment of approximately 500 bp of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified via PCR with the universal primer pair 27f/519r and sequenced. Subsequent database searches in the INSD (GenBank, EMBL, and DDBJ) indicated that the resulting sequences had 100% identity over 490 bp with the corresponding gene of a Xanthomonas sp. The isolates were further identified as Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni on the basis of quinate metabolism and starch hydrolysis tests and by sequencing the PCR products obtained with the gyrB (4) and X. arboricola pv. pruni-specific (3) primer sets. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on cvs. Novita and Caucasica following the detached leaf bioassay procedure (1) and by injecting with a hypodermic needle a bacterial suspension (1 × 107 CFU/ml) in the leaf mesophyll of 1-year-old potted plants (three plants per cultivar and three leaves per isolate on each plant). Incubation was carried out at 25°C under fluorescent lights with a 16-h photoperiod. After seven (detached leaves) and four (potted plants) days, all leaves inoculated with X. arboricola pv. pruni isolates showed brown necrotic spots delimited by a chlorotic margin. Reisolated bacteria on YDCA showed the same colony morphology as described above and tested positive to the X. arboricola pv. pruni-specific primer set, confirming the causal agent of the disease. Leaf tissue inoculated with sterile distilled water remained symptomless. Bacterial leaf spot on Cherry Laurel was reported in Lombardy (northern Italy) by the local plant protection service in 2005 but without a confirmatory diagnosis of the causal agent (2). To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report on the occurrence of X. arboricola pv. pruni on Cherry Laurel in Italy. The pathogen could have a significant impact on the commercial Cherry Laurel production in the district of Pistoia, which is the most important area for ornamental plants nurseries (4,536 ha of cultivated surface in 2005) in Italy. X. arboricola pv. pruni is included in the EPPO A2 list of pests recommended for regulation to the member countries. References: (1) Anonymous. EPPO Bull. 36:129, 2006. (2) EPPO Reporting Service. Online publication. Retrieved from archives.eppo.org/EPPOReporting/2006/Rse-0606.pdf , 2006. (3) M. C. Pagani. Ph.D. diss. North Carolina State University. Online publication. http://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/ir/bitstream/1840.16/4540/1/etd.pdf , 2004. (4) N. Parkinson et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59:264, 2009.
Fereidoon Shahidi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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functional lipid characteristics of Cherry Laurel seeds laurocerasus officinalis roem
Journal of Food Lipids, 2006Co-Authors: Cesarettin Alasalvar, Udaya N Wanasundara, Ying Zhong, Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:The seeds of two native Cherry Laurel varieties (namely Kiraz and Findik), grown in the city of Giresun, Turkey, were compared in terms of their lipid content, lipid classes, fatty acids and fat soluble bioactives (tocols and phytosterols). Lipid content of the seeds in Kiraz and Findik varieties were 38.10 and 41.61%, respectively. The proportion of nonpolar and polar lipids ranged from 87.91 to 88.27% and from 11.73 to 12.09%, respectively. Triacylglycerol, and acetone mobile polar lipid and phospholipid, were the only nonpolar and polar lipids detected, respectively. No significant (P > 0.05) differences were found between the two samples among lipid classes. Thirteen, nine and four major fatty acids were detected in crude, neutral and polar lipids, respectively. Among those identified fatty acids, oleic acid was the predominant fatty acid (62.42–64.18% in crude oil, 56.60–60.11% in neutral lipid, and 78.23–79.55% in polar lipid) followed by linoleic acid and palmitic acid in all lipid fractions. Eight tocol isoforms (four tocopherols and four tocotrienols) and three common phytosterols were positively identified and quantified; among these, γ-tocopherol (0.55–0.69 mg/100 g oil) and β-sitosterol (192.5–222 mg/100 g oil) were predominant in both seed oils. Tocotrienols were detected in trace amounts (<0.01 mg/100 g oil). Significant differences (P < 0.05) existed between Kiraz and Findik varieties among tocopherols and phytosterols. Thus, the present results suggest that both Cherry Laurel seeds serve as good sources of lipid, monounsaturated fatty acids, and bioactives. Therefore, both Cherry seed oils might be considered as functional food ingredients and nutraceuticals.
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Antioxidant activity of Cherry Laurel fruit (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) and its concentrated juice
Food Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Chandrika M. Liyana-pathirana, Fereidoon Shahidi, Cesarettin AlasalvarAbstract:Cherry Laurel fruit and its concentrated juice (pekmez) were examined for their antioxidant activities using different free-radical scavenging activity tests [hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical], together with reducing power and inhibition of oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. On a fresh weight basis, pekmez exhibited a significantly (P < 0.01) higher antioxidant activity than that of Cherry Laurel fruit in most cases. However, on a dry weight basis hydrogen peroxide and DPPH radical scavenging activities, and reducing power were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in Cherry Laurel fruit than in its pekmez, with some exceptions, thus indicating possible destruction of antioxidative compounds during pekmez production. This was also partly due to the moisture content of these two samples. On the basis of the results presented, it is suggested that the intake of Cherry Laurel fruit and pekmez rich in phenolics would have beneficial effects in improving amelioration of degenerative diseases caused by oxidative stress. Therefore, both Cherry Laurel fruit and pekmez might be considered as functional food ingredients and nutraceuticals.
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FUNCTIONAL LIPID CHARACTERISTICS OF Cherry Laurel SEEDS (LAUROCERASUS OFFICINALIS ROEM.)
Journal of Food Lipids, 2006Co-Authors: Cesarettin Alasalvar, Udaya N Wanasundara, Ying Zhong, Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:The seeds of two native Cherry Laurel varieties (namely Kiraz and Findik), grown in the city of Giresun, Turkey, were compared in terms of their lipid content, lipid classes, fatty acids and fat soluble bioactives (tocols and phytosterols). Lipid content of the seeds in Kiraz and Findik varieties were 38.10 and 41.61%, respectively. The proportion of nonpolar and polar lipids ranged from 87.91 to 88.27% and from 11.73 to 12.09%, respectively. Triacylglycerol, and acetone mobile polar lipid and phospholipid, were the only nonpolar and polar lipids detected, respectively. No significant (P > 0.05) differences were found between the two samples among lipid classes. Thirteen, nine and four major fatty acids were detected in crude, neutral and polar lipids, respectively. Among those identified fatty acids, oleic acid was the predominant fatty acid (62.42–64.18% in crude oil, 56.60–60.11% in neutral lipid, and 78.23–79.55% in polar lipid) followed by linoleic acid and palmitic acid in all lipid fractions. Eight tocol isoforms (four tocopherols and four tocotrienols) and three common phytosterols were positively identified and quantified; among these, γ-tocopherol (0.55–0.69 mg/100 g oil) and β-sitosterol (192.5–222 mg/100 g oil) were predominant in both seed oils. Tocotrienols were detected in trace amounts (
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compositional characteristics and antioxidant components of Cherry Laurel varieties and pekmez
Journal of Food Science, 2005Co-Authors: Cesarettin Alasalvar, Mohamed Alfarsi, Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:: Cherry Laurel is a popular fruit in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Two native Cherry Laurel varieties, namely kiraz and findik, together with pekmez (made from concentrated juice of the kiraz variety by boiling/ heating) were examined for their proximate composition, antioxidant activity, total anthocyanins, phenolics, and carotenoids, as well as phenolic acids and sugar composition. A linear correlation existed between antioxidant activity and total content of phenolics (r2= 0.99). The antioxidant activity and total content of phenolics were the highest in pekmez, followed by findik, and kiraz. A significant (P < 0.01) proportion of anthocyanins and carotenoids was lost during heat processing in the production of pekmez. Ten phenolic acids (free and bound) and 6 sugars were identified among samples. These results suggest that Cherry Laurel varieties and pekmez serve as a good source of natural antioxidant, which could potentially be used in food and nutraceutical supplement formulations.
W.s. Martin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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MOLECULAR TYPING OF DUTCH ISOLATES OF XANTHOMONAS ARBORICOLA pv. PRUNI ISOLATED FROM ORNAMENTAL Cherry Laurel
Journal of Plant Pathology, 2012Co-Authors: M. Bergsma-vlami, W.s. Martin, H. Koenraadt, H. Teunissen, Joël F. Pothier, Brion Duffy, J. Van DoornAbstract:Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap) has been found in several Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) nurseries in the Netherlands, causing leaf spot. As no information is available yet about the epidemiology of this quarantine bacterium in Cherry Laurel, molecular typing of Xap isolates can considerably improve our understanding of pathogen spread between various Cherry Laurel production systems in different regions of the Netherlands and pathogen relatedness among different disease outbreaks. In this study, the genotypic diversity within a population of 25 Xap isolates isolated from different Cherry Laurel cultivars grown in different locations in the Netherlands between 2008-2010, was assessed using Multiple-locus variable-number analysis (MLVA). The identity of these Xap isolates was initially determined based on the EPPO standard PM 7/64. Confirmation of the identity of these Xap isolates was additionally achieved with diverse methodologies, including gyrase subunit B (gyrB) sequence typing, BOXand ERIC-PCR, AFLP, and Xap-specific PCR’s: one based on the previously described Pagani primers (2004) (conventional-PCR and its TaqMan-PCR variant) and one based on the recently described Pothier primers (2011c). Based on the results of the MLVA analysis, the Dutch population of Xap isolates could be divided into two groups; however no correlation with the geographical origin or any other character of these isolates could be established. Additionally, based on colony morphology, a panel of 5 look-a-likes were isolated from symptomatic leaves of P. laurocerasus which reacted in the Xap-specific PCR described by Pagani (2004) but that did not react in the Xap-specific PCR described by Pothier et al. (2011c). Further characterisation of these look-a-like isolates with AFLP, BOXand ERIC-PCR, and gyrB sequencing showed that the Xap-specific PCR described by Pagani does not discriminate between Xap and the look-a-like isolates. Similarly to Pagani PCR, the performance of a pathogenicity test with a pure culture of the isolate was not always discriminative between Xap and the look-a-like isolates, unraveling a complexity in Xanthomonas pathogenicity. Therefore, in routine screening based on the EPPO standard PM 7/64, complementary techniques such as BOX- ERIC-PCR, gyrB sequencing, Xap-specific PCR described by Pothier (2011c), MLVA and AFLP should be used to obtain a reliable diagnosis of Xap and avoid false positive results.
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First Report of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni in Ornamental Prunus laurocerasus in the Netherlands
Plant disease, 2012Co-Authors: N. N. A. Tjou-tam-sin, M. Bergsma-vlami, H. Koenraadt, J. Van Doorn, J. L. J. Van De Bilt, J. Westerhof Naktuinbouw, K.t.k. Pham, W.s. MartinAbstract:In 2008, Dutch ornamental plant growers observed a leaf spot of Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) at a greater incidence (5 to 50%) than the usual sporadic level (
Hasan Temiz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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some physicochemical properties and mineral contents of stirred yoghurts containing different fruit marmalades
International Journal of Dairy Technology, 2018Co-Authors: Hasan Temiz, Zekai Tarakci, Tarik YarilgacAbstract:In this study chemical properties and mineral levels of yoghurts containing different fruit marmalades were investigated. Cherry Laurel, loquat fruit and kiwi marmalade were used to make the stirred yoghurts, and the calcium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, boron, lead, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, cadmium, cobalt levels were determined by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP–OES). The total solid, fat, ash, pH, viscosity and syneresis contents of the yoghurt samples changed between 13.85–21.02%, 2.45–2.90%, 0.82–0.94%, 4.11–4.22, 2104–2454 cP and 42.0–47.0 mL/100 g, respectively. The mean concentrations in the yoghurts of these minerals were 104.66–118.94 calcium, 95.81–112.42 phosphorus and 13.47–15.04 magnesium as mg/100 g, 235.00–254.00 iron, 429.00–453.00 zinc and 70.45–122.90 copper as μg/100 g. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) was calculated on the basis of the intake of one yoghurt portion (125 g).
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Composition of volatile aromatic compounds and minerals of tarhana enriched with Cherry Laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis)
Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Hasan Temiz, Zekai TarakciAbstract:Different concentrations of Cherry Laurel pulp (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) were used to produce tarhana samples. Volatile aromatic compounds and minor mineral content were investigated. Volatile aromatic compounds were analyzed by using GC–MS with SPME fiber and minor mineral values were evaluated with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. The statistical analysis showed that addition of pulp affected volatile aromatic compounds and minor mineral content significantly. Thirty five volatile aromatic compounds were found in tarhana samples. The octanoic acid from acids, benzaldehyde (CAS) phenylmethanal from aldehydes, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one from ketones, octadecane (CAS) n -octadecane form terpenes, ethyl caprylate from esters and benzenemethanol (CAS) benzyl alcohol from alcohols had the highest percentage of volatile aromatic compounds. Tarhana samples were rich source of Mn, Cu and Fe content.
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effect of Cherry Laurel marmalade on physicochemical and sensorial characteristics of the stirred yogurt during storage time
GIDA - Journal of Food, 2014Co-Authors: Hasan Temiz, Zekai Tarakco, Ali IslamAbstract:The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Cherry Laurel marmalade (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) on the physico-chemical and sensorial characteristics of yogurts during the storage time. Increasing marmalade concentrations into the yogurts affected titratable acidity, a* values and overall acceptability positively, and viscosity, syneresis and L* values negatively. During storage time pH, viscosity, syneresis, b* values, flavour and overall acceptability scores ( P<0.05) decreased significantly compared to control, while titratable acidity and a* values ( P<0.05) increased significantly. When compared to L* values at the end of storage time with the first day L* values, at the marmalade added samples were observed an increasing but, at the control samples a decreasing were observed. 15% Cherry Laurel marmalade would be recommended in the production of fruit yogurts.
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EFFECT of Cherry Laurel MARMALADE on PHYSICOCHEMICAL and SENSORIAL CHARACTERISTICS of THE STIRRED YOGURT DURING STORAGE TIME
2014Co-Authors: Hasan Temiz, Zekai Tarakco, Ali IslamAbstract:The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Cherry Laurel marmalade (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) on the physico-chemical and sensorial characteristics of yogurts during the storage time. Increasing marmalade concentrations into the yogurts affected titratable acidity, a* values and overall acceptability positively, and viscosity, syneresis and L* values negatively. During storage time pH, viscosity, syneresis, b* values, flavour and overall acceptability scores ( P
Cesarettin Alasalvar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antioxidants, polyphenols, and health benefits of Cherry Laurel: a review
Journal of Food Bioactives, 2020Co-Authors: Cesarettin Alasalvar, Sui Kiat ChangAbstract:Cherry Laurel (dark purple or black when mature) is a popular summer fruit in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It has been gaining popularity as a valuable source of healthy fruit over the last two decades and is a good source of nutrients and polyphenols together with high antioxidant activity. This contribution discusses nutritional characteristics, antioxidants, polyphenols, and health benefits of Cherry Laurel. Where available, comparisons are made with other Cherry fruits (Cornelian, sweat, and sour) and blueberry. Although several health benefits of this fruit and its seeds have been known as home-made and traditional medicine, in vivo and well-designed human clinical trials are scarce. Therefore, additional carefully-designed human clinical trials are needed to validate the health benefits of this fruit.
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functional lipid characteristics of Cherry Laurel seeds laurocerasus officinalis roem
Journal of Food Lipids, 2006Co-Authors: Cesarettin Alasalvar, Udaya N Wanasundara, Ying Zhong, Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:The seeds of two native Cherry Laurel varieties (namely Kiraz and Findik), grown in the city of Giresun, Turkey, were compared in terms of their lipid content, lipid classes, fatty acids and fat soluble bioactives (tocols and phytosterols). Lipid content of the seeds in Kiraz and Findik varieties were 38.10 and 41.61%, respectively. The proportion of nonpolar and polar lipids ranged from 87.91 to 88.27% and from 11.73 to 12.09%, respectively. Triacylglycerol, and acetone mobile polar lipid and phospholipid, were the only nonpolar and polar lipids detected, respectively. No significant (P > 0.05) differences were found between the two samples among lipid classes. Thirteen, nine and four major fatty acids were detected in crude, neutral and polar lipids, respectively. Among those identified fatty acids, oleic acid was the predominant fatty acid (62.42–64.18% in crude oil, 56.60–60.11% in neutral lipid, and 78.23–79.55% in polar lipid) followed by linoleic acid and palmitic acid in all lipid fractions. Eight tocol isoforms (four tocopherols and four tocotrienols) and three common phytosterols were positively identified and quantified; among these, γ-tocopherol (0.55–0.69 mg/100 g oil) and β-sitosterol (192.5–222 mg/100 g oil) were predominant in both seed oils. Tocotrienols were detected in trace amounts (<0.01 mg/100 g oil). Significant differences (P < 0.05) existed between Kiraz and Findik varieties among tocopherols and phytosterols. Thus, the present results suggest that both Cherry Laurel seeds serve as good sources of lipid, monounsaturated fatty acids, and bioactives. Therefore, both Cherry seed oils might be considered as functional food ingredients and nutraceuticals.
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Antioxidant activity of Cherry Laurel fruit (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) and its concentrated juice
Food Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Chandrika M. Liyana-pathirana, Fereidoon Shahidi, Cesarettin AlasalvarAbstract:Cherry Laurel fruit and its concentrated juice (pekmez) were examined for their antioxidant activities using different free-radical scavenging activity tests [hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical], together with reducing power and inhibition of oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. On a fresh weight basis, pekmez exhibited a significantly (P < 0.01) higher antioxidant activity than that of Cherry Laurel fruit in most cases. However, on a dry weight basis hydrogen peroxide and DPPH radical scavenging activities, and reducing power were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in Cherry Laurel fruit than in its pekmez, with some exceptions, thus indicating possible destruction of antioxidative compounds during pekmez production. This was also partly due to the moisture content of these two samples. On the basis of the results presented, it is suggested that the intake of Cherry Laurel fruit and pekmez rich in phenolics would have beneficial effects in improving amelioration of degenerative diseases caused by oxidative stress. Therefore, both Cherry Laurel fruit and pekmez might be considered as functional food ingredients and nutraceuticals.
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FUNCTIONAL LIPID CHARACTERISTICS OF Cherry Laurel SEEDS (LAUROCERASUS OFFICINALIS ROEM.)
Journal of Food Lipids, 2006Co-Authors: Cesarettin Alasalvar, Udaya N Wanasundara, Ying Zhong, Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:The seeds of two native Cherry Laurel varieties (namely Kiraz and Findik), grown in the city of Giresun, Turkey, were compared in terms of their lipid content, lipid classes, fatty acids and fat soluble bioactives (tocols and phytosterols). Lipid content of the seeds in Kiraz and Findik varieties were 38.10 and 41.61%, respectively. The proportion of nonpolar and polar lipids ranged from 87.91 to 88.27% and from 11.73 to 12.09%, respectively. Triacylglycerol, and acetone mobile polar lipid and phospholipid, were the only nonpolar and polar lipids detected, respectively. No significant (P > 0.05) differences were found between the two samples among lipid classes. Thirteen, nine and four major fatty acids were detected in crude, neutral and polar lipids, respectively. Among those identified fatty acids, oleic acid was the predominant fatty acid (62.42–64.18% in crude oil, 56.60–60.11% in neutral lipid, and 78.23–79.55% in polar lipid) followed by linoleic acid and palmitic acid in all lipid fractions. Eight tocol isoforms (four tocopherols and four tocotrienols) and three common phytosterols were positively identified and quantified; among these, γ-tocopherol (0.55–0.69 mg/100 g oil) and β-sitosterol (192.5–222 mg/100 g oil) were predominant in both seed oils. Tocotrienols were detected in trace amounts (
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compositional characteristics and antioxidant components of Cherry Laurel varieties and pekmez
Journal of Food Science, 2005Co-Authors: Cesarettin Alasalvar, Mohamed Alfarsi, Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:: Cherry Laurel is a popular fruit in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Two native Cherry Laurel varieties, namely kiraz and findik, together with pekmez (made from concentrated juice of the kiraz variety by boiling/ heating) were examined for their proximate composition, antioxidant activity, total anthocyanins, phenolics, and carotenoids, as well as phenolic acids and sugar composition. A linear correlation existed between antioxidant activity and total content of phenolics (r2= 0.99). The antioxidant activity and total content of phenolics were the highest in pekmez, followed by findik, and kiraz. A significant (P < 0.01) proportion of anthocyanins and carotenoids was lost during heat processing in the production of pekmez. Ten phenolic acids (free and bound) and 6 sugars were identified among samples. These results suggest that Cherry Laurel varieties and pekmez serve as a good source of natural antioxidant, which could potentially be used in food and nutraceutical supplement formulations.