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W Coates - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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protein content oil content and fatty acid profiles as potential criteria to determine the origin of commercially grown Chia salvia hispanica l
Industrial Crops and Products, 2011Co-Authors: Ricardo Ayerza, W CoatesAbstract:Abstract Chia ( Salvia hispanica L.), an annual herb of the Labiatae family, produces seeds which were one of the basic foods of Central American civilizations in pre-Columbian times. Chia seed contains the highest known percentage of α-linolenic fatty acid of any plant source. In recent years, Chia seed has become increasingly important for human health and nutrition because of its high content of α-linolenic fatty acid, and the beneficial health effects that arise from its consumption. A study was undertaken to characterize protein and oil contents as well as fatty acid composition of Chia seeds grown in some larger commercial fields, in an attempt to determine how these components are affected by location. Oil saturation tended to decrease as elevation of seed production increased, with decreasing levels of palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic fatty acids found. The main constituent in the Chia oil was ω-3 α-linolenic fatty acid, and ranged from 64.8% to 56.9%. Differences were significant ( P
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Protein content, oil content and fatty acid profiles as potential criteria to determine the origin of commercially grown Chia (Salvia hispanica L.)
Industrial Crops and Products, 2011Co-Authors: Ricardo Ayerza Jr., W CoatesAbstract:Chia (Salvia hispanica L.), an annual herb of the Labiatae family, produces seeds which were one of the basic foods of Central American civilizations in pre-Columbian times. Chia seed contains the highest known percentage of α-linolenic fatty acid of any plant source. In recent years, Chia seed has become increasingly important for human health and nutrition because of its high content of α-linolenic fatty acid, and the beneficial health effects that arise from its consumption. A study was undertaken to characterize protein and oil contents as well as fatty acid composition of Chia seeds grown in some larger commercial fields, in an attempt to determine how these components are affected by location. Oil saturation tended to decrease as elevation of seed production increased, with decreasing levels of palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic fatty acids found. The main constituent in the Chia oil was ω-3 α-linolenic fatty acid, and ranged from 64.8% to 56.9%. Differences were significant (P< 0.05) among locations. Significant differences in protein content and fatty acid composition were also found for the commercially grown Chia originating from three ecosystems. It is possible that these differences could be used to distinguish Chia's origin, if additional research was undertaken to characterize such differences. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
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Chapter 37 – Whole and Ground Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seeds, Chia Oil – Effects on Plasma Lipids and Fatty Acids
Nuts and Seeds in Health and Disease Prevention, 2011Co-Authors: W CoatesAbstract:This chapter provides an evaluation of the effects of Chia seeds and oil on plasma lipids. The lipid, protein, fiber, and antioxidant contents of Chia are significantly higher than in many other crops. It also contains a number of other components that are important for human nutrition. Chia seed has 2.3, 2.6, 8.3, and 9.8 times more fiber per 100 g of edible portion than wheat, oats, corn, and rice, respectively. Water and methanol extracts of Chia seed meal remains, following pressing to remove the oil, have demonstrated strong antioxidant activity. These antioxidants make Chia a stable source of omega-3 fatty acids. The main antioxidants in Chia are chlorogenic and caffeic acids, as well as myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol flavonols. Caffeic and chlorogenic acids have been shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation, and are significantly stronger than common antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E. There are evidence that black seed contains greater amounts of antioxidants than does white seed. When fed to rats, Chia decreased serum triglyceride levels and increased HDL-cholesterol and omega-3 fatty acid contents. Human trials have been less conclusive, with two of the three studies showing improved plasma composition. These findings suggest that Chia appears to be an alternative omega-3 fatty acid source for vegetarians and people allergic to fish and fish products.
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Whole and Ground Chia ( Salvia hispanica L.) Seeds, Chia Oil – Effects on Plasma Lipids and Fatty Acids
Nuts and Seeds in Health and Disease Prevention, 2011Co-Authors: W CoatesAbstract:Chia ( Salvia hispanica L.) was one of the four basic foods of the Aztecs, and was also considered a cure for a number of maladies. Following the Spanish Conquest, Chia essentially disappeared until 1991, when a project led by the University of Arizona, in cooperation with growers and other agencies, began to research how to commercially grow and utilize this seed so as to improve human nutrition. Chia is now being commercially grown in several countries, including Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru, among others. With increased availability more people are consuming Chia, and products that include it are being introduced in the marketplace. The three main components of Chia that make it a healthy whole food are omega-3 fatty acid, fiber (soluble and insoluble), and antioxidants. In addition, Chia is a very good source of high quality protein. Although a limited number of clinical trials have been conducted to establish Chia as a healthy food for humans, inclusion of Chia in the diet of animals has shown significant increases in the omega-3 content of plasma or the food products produced. Additionally, plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels have been shown to decrease, and HDL levels to increase. As the three main components of Chia listed above have been shown to impact human health positively, primarily in the areas of CHD, inflammation, and immunity, it stands to reason that Chia will provide these benefits when consumed by individuals. Although numerous testimonials have confirmed the benefits of consuming Chia, sound clinical trials are needed to positively confirm these health benefits.
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Omega-3 enriched broiler meat : The influence of dietary a-linolenic-v-3 fatty acid sources on growth , performance and meat fatty acid composition
Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 2008Co-Authors: J O Azcona, Ricardo Ayerza Jr., M.J.a Schang, P T Garcia, C.c Gallinger, W CoatesAbstract:Western diets are typically low in v-3 fatty acids, and high in saturated and v-6 fatty acids. There is a need to increase dietary v-3 fatty acid content. Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) has the highest botanical source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) known, and recently has been receiving more attention because of this. Feeding ALA to animals has been shown to increase the v-3 fatty acid content of the foods they produce, and hence offers consumers an easy way to increase their intake of v-3 fatty acids without altering their diet. Broilers were fed rapeseed, flaxseed, Chia seed and Chia meal to assess the ability of these feed ingredients to increase the v-3 fatty acid content of the meat, and also to determine whether any negative effects on bird production would arise. Flaxseed produced significantly (PB0.05) lower body weights, weight gains and poorer feed conversion ratios than did the other feeds. Except in the case of the Chia meal with the dark meat, the Chia seed significantly (PB0.05) reduced the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content of the white and dark meats compared with the control diet. Adding ALA increased the ALA, LCv-3 fatty acid and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) v-3 fatty acid content of both meat types, except in the case of the white meat of the birds fed rapeseed. Chia seed gave the highest total PUFA v-3 increase, yielding 157 and 200% increases for the dark and white meat, respectively, compared with the control. The v-6:v-3 and SFA:v-3 ratios dramatically improved in both types of meat when Chia seed, Chia meal or flaxseed was added to the diet. The study also showed that not all ALA-rich seeds are biologically equivalent sources in terms of producing v-3 enriched broiler meat. Chia proved to be superior to the other sources examined in this trial.
Ricardo Ayerza Jr. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Protein content, oil content and fatty acid profiles as potential criteria to determine the origin of commercially grown Chia (Salvia hispanica L.)
Industrial Crops and Products, 2011Co-Authors: Ricardo Ayerza Jr., W CoatesAbstract:Chia (Salvia hispanica L.), an annual herb of the Labiatae family, produces seeds which were one of the basic foods of Central American civilizations in pre-Columbian times. Chia seed contains the highest known percentage of α-linolenic fatty acid of any plant source. In recent years, Chia seed has become increasingly important for human health and nutrition because of its high content of α-linolenic fatty acid, and the beneficial health effects that arise from its consumption. A study was undertaken to characterize protein and oil contents as well as fatty acid composition of Chia seeds grown in some larger commercial fields, in an attempt to determine how these components are affected by location. Oil saturation tended to decrease as elevation of seed production increased, with decreasing levels of palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic fatty acids found. The main constituent in the Chia oil was ω-3 α-linolenic fatty acid, and ranged from 64.8% to 56.9%. Differences were significant (P< 0.05) among locations. Significant differences in protein content and fatty acid composition were also found for the commercially grown Chia originating from three ecosystems. It is possible that these differences could be used to distinguish Chia's origin, if additional research was undertaken to characterize such differences. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
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Omega-3 enriched broiler meat : The influence of dietary a-linolenic-v-3 fatty acid sources on growth , performance and meat fatty acid composition
Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 2008Co-Authors: J O Azcona, Ricardo Ayerza Jr., M.J.a Schang, P T Garcia, C.c Gallinger, W CoatesAbstract:Western diets are typically low in v-3 fatty acids, and high in saturated and v-6 fatty acids. There is a need to increase dietary v-3 fatty acid content. Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) has the highest botanical source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) known, and recently has been receiving more attention because of this. Feeding ALA to animals has been shown to increase the v-3 fatty acid content of the foods they produce, and hence offers consumers an easy way to increase their intake of v-3 fatty acids without altering their diet. Broilers were fed rapeseed, flaxseed, Chia seed and Chia meal to assess the ability of these feed ingredients to increase the v-3 fatty acid content of the meat, and also to determine whether any negative effects on bird production would arise. Flaxseed produced significantly (PB0.05) lower body weights, weight gains and poorer feed conversion ratios than did the other feeds. Except in the case of the Chia meal with the dark meat, the Chia seed significantly (PB0.05) reduced the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content of the white and dark meats compared with the control diet. Adding ALA increased the ALA, LCv-3 fatty acid and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) v-3 fatty acid content of both meat types, except in the case of the white meat of the birds fed rapeseed. Chia seed gave the highest total PUFA v-3 increase, yielding 157 and 200% increases for the dark and white meat, respectively, compared with the control. The v-6:v-3 and SFA:v-3 ratios dramatically improved in both types of meat when Chia seed, Chia meal or flaxseed was added to the diet. The study also showed that not all ALA-rich seeds are biologically equivalent sources in terms of producing v-3 enriched broiler meat. Chia proved to be superior to the other sources examined in this trial.
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Omega-3 enriched broiler meat: The influence of dietary alpha-linolenic-omega-3 fatty acid sources on growth, performance and meat fatty acid composition
Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 2008Co-Authors: J O Azcona, Ricardo Ayerza Jr., M.J.a Schang, P T Garcia, C.c Gallinger, W CoatesAbstract:Western diets are typically low in omega-3 fatty acids, and high in saturated and omega-6 fatty acids. There is a need to increase dietary omega-3 fatty acid content. Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) has the highest botanical source of linolenic acid (ALA) known, and recently has been receiving more attention because of this. Feeding ALA to alpha animals has been shown to increase the omega-3 fatty acid content of the foods they produce, and hence offers consumers an easy way to increase their intake of omega-3 fatty acids without altering their diet. Broilers were fed rapeseed, flaxseed, Chia seed and Chia meal to assess the ability of these feed ingredients to increase the omega 3 fatty acid content of the meat, and also to determine whether any negative effects on bird production would arise. Flaxseed produced significantly (P < 0.05) lower body weights, weight gains and poorer feed conversion ratios than did the other feeds. Except in the case of the Chia meal with the dark meat, the Chia seed significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content of the while and dark meats compared with the control diet. Adding ALA increased the ALA, LC omega-3 fatty acid and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) omega-3 fatty acid content of both meat types, except in the case of the white meat of the birds fed rapeseed. Chia seed gave the highest total PUFA omega-3 increase, yielding 157 and 200% increases for the dark and white rneat, respectively, compared with the control. The omega-3 and SFA omega-3 ratios dramatically improved in both types of meat when Chia seed, Chia meal or flaxseed was added to the diet. The study also showed that not all ALA-rich seeds are biologically equivalent sources in terms of producing omega-3 enriched broiler meat. Chia proved to be superior to the other Sources examined in this trial.
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Omega-3 enriched broiler meat: The influence of dietary α-linolenic-ω-3 fatty acid sources on growth, performance and meat fatty acid composition
Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 2008Co-Authors: J O Azcona, Ricardo Ayerza Jr., M.J.a Schang, P T Garcia, C.c Gallinger, W CoatesAbstract:Western diets are typically low in ω-3 fatty acids, and high in saturated and ω-6 fatty acids. There is a need to increase dietary ω-3 fatty acid content. Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) has the highest botanical source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) known, and recently has been receiving more attention because of this. Feeding ALA to animals has been shown to increase the ω-3 fatty acid content of the foods they produce, and hence offers consumers an easy way to increase their intake of ω-3 fatty acids without altering their diet. Broilers were fed rapeseed, flaxseed, Chia seed and Chia meal to assess the ability of these feed ingredients to increase the ω-3 fatty acid content of the meat, and also to determine whether any negative effects on bird production would arise. Flaxseed produced significantly (P < 0.05) lower body weights, weight gains and poorer feed conversion ratios than did the other feeds. Except in the case of the Chia meal with the dark meat, the Chia seed significantly (P
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Chia as a new source of ??-3 fatty acids: Nutritional comparison with other raw materials and its advantages when producing ??-3 enriched eggs
Wild-Type Food in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention: The Columbus Concept, 2008Co-Authors: Ricardo Ayerza Jr.Abstract:In pre-Columbian times Chia was one of the basic foods of Central American civilizations, following corn and beans in terms of importance, but being more important than Amaranth. Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec Empire, received between 5,000 and 15,000 tons of Chia as an annual tribute from conquered nations. Chia seed was not used just as a food, but also offered to the Aztec gods. Today there are ω-3 enriched eggs on the market that are produced by adding flaxseed, Chia seed, fish oil/meal or marine algae to the hen's diet. The purpose of this paper is to compare Chia with these other raw materials. Available information suggests that the level of ω-3 found in Chia eggs could not be reached using flax, fish oil or algae based diets without negatively affecting the hens and/or one or more of the intrinsic characteristics of eggs. In all cases a limiting factor when feeding high percentages of the other ω-3 sources is flavor, smell and/or atypical texture transmitted by these products to the eggs. In the case of flax production also decreases. © 2008 Humana Press Inc.
Guoliang Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Updated Chia-PET Tool (V3)
Genes, 2019Co-Authors: Guoliang Li, Huidan Chang, Ping Hong, Qiangwei ZhouAbstract:Understanding chromatin interactions is important because they create chromosome conformation and link the cis- and trans- regulatory elements to their target genes for transcriptional regulation. Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Paired-End Tag (Chia-PET) sequencing is a genome-wide high-throughput technology that detects chromatin interactions associated with a specific protein of interest. We developed Chia-PET Tool for Chia-PET data analysis in 2010. Here, we present the updated version of Chia-PET Tool (V3) as a computational package to process the next-generation sequence data generated from Chia-PET experiments. It processes short-read and long-read Chia-PET data with multithreading and generates statistics of results in an HTML file. In this paper, we provide a detailed demonstration of the design of Chia-PET Tool V3 and how to install it and analyze RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) Chia-PET data from human K562 cells with it. We compared our tool with existing tools, including ChiaSig, MICC, Mango and Chia-PET2, by using the same public data set in the same computer. Most peaks detected by the Chia-PET Tool V3 overlap with those of other tools. There is higher enrichment for significant chromatin interactions from Chia-PET Tool V3 in aggregate peak analysis (APA) plots. The Chia-PET Tool V3 is publicly available at GitHub.
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Chromatin interaction analysis with updated Chia-PET Tool (V3)
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Guoliang Li, Huidan Chang, Ping Hong, Qiangwei ZhouAbstract:Abstract Understanding chromatin interactions is important since they create chromosome conformation and link the cis- and trans-regulatory elements to their target genes for transcriptional regulation. Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Paired-End Tag (Chia-PET) sequencing is a genome-wide high-throughput technology that detects chromatin interactions associated with a specific protein of interest. Previously we developed Chia-PET Tool in 2010 for Chia-PET data analysis. Here we present the updated version of Chia-PET Tool (V3), is a computational package to process the next-generation sequence data generated from Chia-PET experiments. It processes the short-read data and long-read Chia-PET data with multithreading and generates the statistics of results in a HTML file. In this paper, we provide a detailed demonstration of the design of Chia-PET Tool V3 and how to install it and analyze a specific Chia-PET data set with it. At present, other Chia-PET data analysis tools have developed including ChiaSig, MICC, Mango and Chia-PET2 and so on. We compared our tool with other tools using the same public data set in the same machine. Most of peaks detected by Chia-PET Tool V3 overlap with those from other tools. There is higher enrichment for significant chromatin interactions of Chia-PET Tool V3 in APA plot. Chia-PET Tool V3 is open source and is available at GitHub (https://github.com/GuoliangLi-HZAU/Chia-PET_Tool_V3/).
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Chia pet tool for comprehensive chromatin interaction analysis with paired end tag sequencing
Genome Biology, 2010Co-Authors: Guoliang Li, Melissa J Fullwood, Han Xu, Fabianus Hendriyan Mulawadi, Stoyan Velkov, Vinsensius B Vega, Pramila N Ariyaratne, Yusoff Bin Mohamed, Chandana Tennakoon, Yijun RuanAbstract:Chromatin interaction analysis with paired-end tag sequencing (Chia-PET) is a new technology to study genome-wide long-range chromatin interactions bound by protein factors. Here we present Chia-PET Tool, a software package for automatic processing of Chia-PET sequence data, including linker filtering, mapping tags to reference genomes, identifying protein binding sites and chromatin interactions, and displaying the results on a graphical genome browser. Chia-PET Tool is fast, accurate, comprehensive, user-friendly, and open source (available at http://Chiapet.gis.a-star.edu.sg).
Michael Q Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chia pet2 a versatile and flexible pipeline for Chia pet data analysis
Nucleic Acids Research, 2017Co-Authors: Guipeng Li, Yang Chen, Michael Snyder, Michael Q ZhangAbstract:Chia-PET2 is a versatile and flexible pipeline for analyzing different types of Chia-PET data from raw sequencing reads to chromatin loops. Chia-PET2 integrates all steps required for Chia-PET data analysis, including linker trimming, read alignment, duplicate removal, peak calling and chromatin loop calling. It supports different kinds of Chia-PET data generated from different Chia-PET protocols and also provides quality controls for different steps of Chia-PET analysis. In addition, Chia-PET2 can use phased genotype data to call allele-specific chromatin interactions. We applied Chia-PET2 to different Chia-PET datasets, demonstrating its significantly improved performance as well as its ability to easily process Chia-PET raw data. Chia-PET2 is available at https://github.com/GuipengLi/Chia-PET2.
Yijun Ruan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Methods for comparative Chia-PET and Hi-C data analysis
Methods, 2019Co-Authors: Dan Capurso, Zhonghui Tang, Yijun RuanAbstract:Abstract The three-dimensional architecture of chromatin in the nucleus is important for genome regulation and function. Advanced high-throughput sequencing-based methods have been developed for capturing chromatin interactions (Hi-C, genome-wide chromosome conformation capture) or enriching for those involving a specific protein (Chia-PET, chromatin interaction analysis with paired-end tag sequencing). There is widespread interest in utilizing and interpreting Chia-PET and Hi-C. We review methods for comparative Chia-PET and Hi-C data analysis and visualization. The topics reviewed include: downloading Chia-PET and Hi-C data from the ENCODE and 4DN portals; processing Chia-PET data using Chia-PIPE; processing Hi-C data using Juicer or distiller and cooler; viewing 2D contact maps using Juicebox or Higlass; viewing peaks, loops, and domains using BASIC Browser; annotating convergent and tandem CTCF loops.
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Chia-DropBox: a novel analysis and visualization pipeline for multiplex chromatin interactions
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Simon Zhongyuan Tian, Daniel Capurso, Meizhen Zheng, Yijun RuanAbstract:Abstract Chia-Drop is a new experimental method for mapping multiplex chromatin interactions with single-molecule precision by barcoding chromatin complexes inside microfluidics droplets, followed by pooled DNA sequencing. The chromatin DNA reads with the same droplet-specific barcodes are inferred to be derived from the same chromatin interaction complex. Here, we describe an integrated computational pipeline, named Chia-DropBox, that is specifically designed for reconstructing chromatin reads in each droplet and refining multiplex chromatin complexes from raw Chia-Drop sequencing reads, and then visualizing the results. First, Chia-DropBox maps and filters sequencing reads, and then reconstructs the “chromatin droplets” by parsing the barcode sequences and grouping together chromatin reads with the same barcode. Based on the concept of chromosome territories that most chromatin interactions take place within the same chromosome, potential mixing up of chromatin complexes derived from different chromosomes could be readily identified and separated. Accordingly, Chia-DropBox refines these “chromatin droplets” into purely intra-chromosomal chromatin complexes, ready for downstream analysis. For visualization, Chia-DropBox converts the Chia-Drop data to pairwise format and automatically generates input files for viewing 2D contact maps in Juicebox and viewing loops in BASIC Browser. Finally, Chia-DropBox introduces a new browser, named Chia-View, for interactive visualization of multiplex chromatin interactions.
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Chia pet tool for comprehensive chromatin interaction analysis with paired end tag sequencing
Genome Biology, 2010Co-Authors: Guoliang Li, Melissa J Fullwood, Han Xu, Fabianus Hendriyan Mulawadi, Stoyan Velkov, Vinsensius B Vega, Pramila N Ariyaratne, Yusoff Bin Mohamed, Chandana Tennakoon, Yijun RuanAbstract:Chromatin interaction analysis with paired-end tag sequencing (Chia-PET) is a new technology to study genome-wide long-range chromatin interactions bound by protein factors. Here we present Chia-PET Tool, a software package for automatic processing of Chia-PET sequence data, including linker filtering, mapping tags to reference genomes, identifying protein binding sites and chromatin interactions, and displaying the results on a graphical genome browser. Chia-PET Tool is fast, accurate, comprehensive, user-friendly, and open source (available at http://Chiapet.gis.a-star.edu.sg).
