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H Clark - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sheep fed forage Chicory cichorium intybus or perennial ryegrass lolium perenne have similar methane emissions
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Xuezhao Sun, S O Hoskin, G G Zhang, G Molano, S Muetzel, C S Pinarespatino, H Clark, D PachecoAbstract:Abstract Forage Chicory ( Cichorium intybus ) has the potential to mitigate methane emissions from ruminants. It was reported that the reduction can be up to 30% compared with perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ). To accurately evaluate the reduction, fresh Chicory and perennial ryegrass in the vegetative state were fed to 24 wethers, 8 of which rumen-fistulated, at 1.3 and 2.2 times maintenance metabolisable energy requirements. Dry matter (DM) intake, whole tract apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen liquid passage rate were measured in metabolism crates, and methane emissions determined using a calorimetric technique. Chemical analyses showed that Chicory contained less DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein, neutral detergent fibre (aNDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose, but more hot water-soluble carbohydrate and pectin, than perennial ryegrass. Methane yield (g/kg DM intake) of wethers fed Chicory did not differ from that of those fed perennial ryegrass. Yield was lower at the high versus the low feeding level of ryegrass. Apparent digestibility of DM and OM was higher, and aNDF, ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose was lower, in wethers fed Chicory versus perennial ryegrass. In situ DM degradation rate of Chicory was higher than that of perennial ryegrass. Rumen liquid passage rate was the same for wethers fed the two forages and higher at the high feeding level. The reduction in methane emissions by feeding vegetative Chicory to wethers was limited, but increased feeding level reduces methane yields per unit of DM intake.
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effects of forage Chicory cichorium intybus and perennial ryegrass lolium perenne on methane emissions in vitro and from sheep
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Xuezhao Sun, S O Hoskin, G Molano, S Muetzel, H ClarkAbstract:Abstract Published reports of CH 4 yields as g CH 4 /kg dry matter (DM) intake suggest that emissions from sheep fed fresh forage Chicory ( Cichorium intybus ) are about 30% lower than from those fed fresh ryegrass. In this study, 2 year old wethers (16; 54 ± 3.8 kg liveweight) were fed either mature Chicory or perennial ryegrass at 1.3 times maintenance metabolisable energy requirements in the late spring/early summer of 2009. Methane emissions were determined using individual animal respiration chambers. Feeds differed in their chemical composition with Chicory containing 856 g/kg organic matter (OM), 117 g/kg crude protein (CP) and 281 g/kg neutral detergent fibre (aNDF), whereas ryegrass contained 916 g/kg OM, 85 g/kg CP and 499 g/kg aNDF. The DM intake was similar for both forages at 0.76 kg/d, and CH 4 yields did not differ between forages being 22.8 and 23.8 g CH 4 /kg DM intake for Chicory and ryegrass, respectively. In vitro incubations of Chicory and perennial ryegrass in the vegetative or mature states had similar CH 4 yields. Despite large differences in chemical composition, especially aNDF, Chicory and ryegrass had similar CH 4 yields in vitro and in vivo . Chicory is not a viable alternative to perennial ryegrass for mitigating CH 4 in pastoral based sheep production systems. This paper is part of the special issue entitled: Greenhouse Gases in Animal Agriculture – Finding a Balance between Food and Emissions, Guest Edited by T.A. McAllister, Section Guest Editors: K.A. Beauchemin, X. Hao, S. McGinn and Editor for Animal Feed Science and Technology, P.H. Robinson.
Xuezhao Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sheep fed forage Chicory cichorium intybus or perennial ryegrass lolium perenne have similar methane emissions
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Xuezhao Sun, S O Hoskin, G G Zhang, G Molano, S Muetzel, C S Pinarespatino, H Clark, D PachecoAbstract:Abstract Forage Chicory ( Cichorium intybus ) has the potential to mitigate methane emissions from ruminants. It was reported that the reduction can be up to 30% compared with perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ). To accurately evaluate the reduction, fresh Chicory and perennial ryegrass in the vegetative state were fed to 24 wethers, 8 of which rumen-fistulated, at 1.3 and 2.2 times maintenance metabolisable energy requirements. Dry matter (DM) intake, whole tract apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen liquid passage rate were measured in metabolism crates, and methane emissions determined using a calorimetric technique. Chemical analyses showed that Chicory contained less DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein, neutral detergent fibre (aNDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose, but more hot water-soluble carbohydrate and pectin, than perennial ryegrass. Methane yield (g/kg DM intake) of wethers fed Chicory did not differ from that of those fed perennial ryegrass. Yield was lower at the high versus the low feeding level of ryegrass. Apparent digestibility of DM and OM was higher, and aNDF, ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose was lower, in wethers fed Chicory versus perennial ryegrass. In situ DM degradation rate of Chicory was higher than that of perennial ryegrass. Rumen liquid passage rate was the same for wethers fed the two forages and higher at the high feeding level. The reduction in methane emissions by feeding vegetative Chicory to wethers was limited, but increased feeding level reduces methane yields per unit of DM intake.
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effects of forage Chicory cichorium intybus and perennial ryegrass lolium perenne on methane emissions in vitro and from sheep
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Xuezhao Sun, S O Hoskin, G Molano, S Muetzel, H ClarkAbstract:Abstract Published reports of CH 4 yields as g CH 4 /kg dry matter (DM) intake suggest that emissions from sheep fed fresh forage Chicory ( Cichorium intybus ) are about 30% lower than from those fed fresh ryegrass. In this study, 2 year old wethers (16; 54 ± 3.8 kg liveweight) were fed either mature Chicory or perennial ryegrass at 1.3 times maintenance metabolisable energy requirements in the late spring/early summer of 2009. Methane emissions were determined using individual animal respiration chambers. Feeds differed in their chemical composition with Chicory containing 856 g/kg organic matter (OM), 117 g/kg crude protein (CP) and 281 g/kg neutral detergent fibre (aNDF), whereas ryegrass contained 916 g/kg OM, 85 g/kg CP and 499 g/kg aNDF. The DM intake was similar for both forages at 0.76 kg/d, and CH 4 yields did not differ between forages being 22.8 and 23.8 g CH 4 /kg DM intake for Chicory and ryegrass, respectively. In vitro incubations of Chicory and perennial ryegrass in the vegetative or mature states had similar CH 4 yields. Despite large differences in chemical composition, especially aNDF, Chicory and ryegrass had similar CH 4 yields in vitro and in vivo . Chicory is not a viable alternative to perennial ryegrass for mitigating CH 4 in pastoral based sheep production systems. This paper is part of the special issue entitled: Greenhouse Gases in Animal Agriculture – Finding a Balance between Food and Emissions, Guest Edited by T.A. McAllister, Section Guest Editors: K.A. Beauchemin, X. Hao, S. McGinn and Editor for Animal Feed Science and Technology, P.H. Robinson.
Jean-louis Hilbert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chicory root flour – A functional food with potential multiple health benefits evaluated in a mice model
Journal of Functional Foods, 2020Co-Authors: Céline L. Pouille, Philippe Hance, Jean-louis Hilbert, Doriane Jegou, Camille Dugardin, Benoit Cudennec, Rozenn Ravallec, Caroline Rambaud, Anca Lucau-danilaAbstract:Abstract Industrial Chicory roots (Cichorium intybus var. sativum) have been the subject of many different studies investigating their supposed nutritional and medicinal benefits. Although an impressive number of clinical evidences has supported the health effects of this plant, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this work, we looked at Chicory flour that is proposed as an ingredient for pastries and a water extract of Chicory root flour was tested. We experimented on the murine model and highlighted new mechanisms by which the Chicory roots brings health benefits. For this purpose, a nutrigenomic analysis was associated with a metabolic hormone dosage and a metagenomic analysis. New potential mechanisms by which the Chicory acts on cancer prevention on antibacterial and antiviral defense, on hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect as well as on the antioxidant effect were identified. Also, the prebiotic effect of the Chicory root flour was discussed by comparison with inulin. In general, almost all effects were found to be more pronounced in male mice than in female mice.
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Efficient Genome Editing Using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology in Chicory
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019Co-Authors: Guillaume Bernard, Jean-louis Hilbert, David Gagneul, Harmony Alves Dos Santos, Audrey Etienne, Caroline RambaudAbstract:CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associated with protein CAS9) is a genome-editing tool that has been extensively used in the last five years because of its novelty, affordability, and feasibility. This technology has been developed in many plant species for gene function analysis and crop improvement but has never been used in Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). In this study, we successfully applied CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis to Chicory using Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation and protoplast transfection methods. A U6 promoter (CiU6-1p) among eight predicted U6 promoters in Chicory was selected to drive sgRNA expression. A binary vector designed to induce targeted mutations in the fifth exon of the Chicory phytoene desaturase gene (CiPDS) was then constructed and used to transform Chicory. The mutation frequency was 4.5% with the protoplast transient expression system and 31.25% with A. rhizogenes-mediated stable transformation. Biallelic mutations were detected in all the mutant plants. The use of A. rhizogenes-mediated transformation seems preferable as the regeneration of plants is faster and the mutation frequency was shown to be higher. With both transformation methods, foreign DNA was integrated in the plant genome. Hence, selection of vector (transgene)-free segregants is required. Our results showed that genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9 system can be efficiently used with Chicory, which should facilitate and accelerate genetic improvement and functional biology.
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Effects of variety, agronomic factors, and drying on the amount of free asparagine and crude protein in Chicory. Correlation with the acrylamide formation during roasting
Food Research International, 2014Co-Authors: Grégory Loaëc, Céline Niquet-léridon, Nicolas Henry, Philippe Jacolot, Grégoire Volpoet, Ellen Goudemand, Myriam Janssens, Philippe Hance, Thierry Cadalen, Jean-louis HilbertAbstract:Abstract Most thermally processed foods are affected by the Maillard reaction which leads to the formation of not only desired flavor and aroma compounds but also neoformed contaminants with probable unwanted biological effects. Among the latter, acrylamide was found to be formed from free asparagine in plant foods such as potatoes, cereals and coffee. Roasted Chicory which is used as a common coffee substitute is also known to be high in acrylamide and indicative values have been proposed for this food category by the European Commission. The current study is aimed at understanding the impact of varietal selection and agronomic practices on the concentration of free asparagine, a major acrylamide precursor, in Chicory roots, and the effect of these parameters on the amount of acrylamide in roasted Chicory. The study showed that the concentration of free asparagine in raw Chicory roots was variety- and year-dependent (from 444 to 2786 mg/kg). All five varieties tested showed an increase in free asparagine level in response to increased nitrogen application. The duration of Chicory cultivation and the date of harvest had limited effects which need to be further understood. The drying process reduced free asparagine concentration in Chicory roots without generating acrylamide. Overall the reduction of free asparagine in the raw Chicory roots tested in this study led to a significant decrease in acrylamide formation in the roasted Chicory (from 11097 to 2249 μg/kg). This positive correlation does not exclude the possibility that other factors such as those related to roasting conditions could be involved in the acrylamide formation.
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Somatic Embryogenesis in Chicory (Cichorium Species)
Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed II, 1995Co-Authors: J. Vasseur, Jean-louis Hilbert, J. Dubois, J. P. CouillerotAbstract:Cichorium belongs to the family Asteraceae and is subdivided into three European species: C. endivia, C. intybus, and C.spinosum. The first two are particularly interesting for their agronomical characteristics. C. endivia L. is represented by “scarole” (cv. latifolia) and “curly” (cv. crispa) chicories which are used as salads, while C. intybus L. is long known for its use in medicine and as food. The latter species is composed of several varieties (Longly and Louant 1987; Leteinturier et al. 1991): 1. var. sativum Biskoff: industrial Chicory cultivated for its roots and used as a coffee additive after roasting. Known as “chicoree a cafe”, it comprises the Brunswick Chicory (serrated leaves and red veins) and also the Magdebourg Chicory (unindented leaves and white veins). The roots of these plants are also used for their inulin content, a polyfructosan which is a potential source of fructose. 2. var. foliosum Biskoff: Witloof or Bruxelles Chicory whose roots are able to produce etiolated buds under artificial culture conditions (forcing). These plants are the result of the improvement of the Magdebourg-type Chicory. 3. var. silvestre Biskoff: wild, improved Chicory with red leaves (Trevise, Verone), green leaves (Pain de sucre, Barbe de Capucin), or variegated leaves (Castelfranco, Chioggia).
S O Hoskin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sheep fed forage Chicory cichorium intybus or perennial ryegrass lolium perenne have similar methane emissions
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Xuezhao Sun, S O Hoskin, G G Zhang, G Molano, S Muetzel, C S Pinarespatino, H Clark, D PachecoAbstract:Abstract Forage Chicory ( Cichorium intybus ) has the potential to mitigate methane emissions from ruminants. It was reported that the reduction can be up to 30% compared with perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ). To accurately evaluate the reduction, fresh Chicory and perennial ryegrass in the vegetative state were fed to 24 wethers, 8 of which rumen-fistulated, at 1.3 and 2.2 times maintenance metabolisable energy requirements. Dry matter (DM) intake, whole tract apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen liquid passage rate were measured in metabolism crates, and methane emissions determined using a calorimetric technique. Chemical analyses showed that Chicory contained less DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein, neutral detergent fibre (aNDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose, but more hot water-soluble carbohydrate and pectin, than perennial ryegrass. Methane yield (g/kg DM intake) of wethers fed Chicory did not differ from that of those fed perennial ryegrass. Yield was lower at the high versus the low feeding level of ryegrass. Apparent digestibility of DM and OM was higher, and aNDF, ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose was lower, in wethers fed Chicory versus perennial ryegrass. In situ DM degradation rate of Chicory was higher than that of perennial ryegrass. Rumen liquid passage rate was the same for wethers fed the two forages and higher at the high feeding level. The reduction in methane emissions by feeding vegetative Chicory to wethers was limited, but increased feeding level reduces methane yields per unit of DM intake.
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effects of forage Chicory cichorium intybus and perennial ryegrass lolium perenne on methane emissions in vitro and from sheep
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Xuezhao Sun, S O Hoskin, G Molano, S Muetzel, H ClarkAbstract:Abstract Published reports of CH 4 yields as g CH 4 /kg dry matter (DM) intake suggest that emissions from sheep fed fresh forage Chicory ( Cichorium intybus ) are about 30% lower than from those fed fresh ryegrass. In this study, 2 year old wethers (16; 54 ± 3.8 kg liveweight) were fed either mature Chicory or perennial ryegrass at 1.3 times maintenance metabolisable energy requirements in the late spring/early summer of 2009. Methane emissions were determined using individual animal respiration chambers. Feeds differed in their chemical composition with Chicory containing 856 g/kg organic matter (OM), 117 g/kg crude protein (CP) and 281 g/kg neutral detergent fibre (aNDF), whereas ryegrass contained 916 g/kg OM, 85 g/kg CP and 499 g/kg aNDF. The DM intake was similar for both forages at 0.76 kg/d, and CH 4 yields did not differ between forages being 22.8 and 23.8 g CH 4 /kg DM intake for Chicory and ryegrass, respectively. In vitro incubations of Chicory and perennial ryegrass in the vegetative or mature states had similar CH 4 yields. Despite large differences in chemical composition, especially aNDF, Chicory and ryegrass had similar CH 4 yields in vitro and in vivo . Chicory is not a viable alternative to perennial ryegrass for mitigating CH 4 in pastoral based sheep production systems. This paper is part of the special issue entitled: Greenhouse Gases in Animal Agriculture – Finding a Balance between Food and Emissions, Guest Edited by T.A. McAllister, Section Guest Editors: K.A. Beauchemin, X. Hao, S. McGinn and Editor for Animal Feed Science and Technology, P.H. Robinson.
S Muetzel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sheep fed forage Chicory cichorium intybus or perennial ryegrass lolium perenne have similar methane emissions
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Xuezhao Sun, S O Hoskin, G G Zhang, G Molano, S Muetzel, C S Pinarespatino, H Clark, D PachecoAbstract:Abstract Forage Chicory ( Cichorium intybus ) has the potential to mitigate methane emissions from ruminants. It was reported that the reduction can be up to 30% compared with perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ). To accurately evaluate the reduction, fresh Chicory and perennial ryegrass in the vegetative state were fed to 24 wethers, 8 of which rumen-fistulated, at 1.3 and 2.2 times maintenance metabolisable energy requirements. Dry matter (DM) intake, whole tract apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen liquid passage rate were measured in metabolism crates, and methane emissions determined using a calorimetric technique. Chemical analyses showed that Chicory contained less DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein, neutral detergent fibre (aNDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose, but more hot water-soluble carbohydrate and pectin, than perennial ryegrass. Methane yield (g/kg DM intake) of wethers fed Chicory did not differ from that of those fed perennial ryegrass. Yield was lower at the high versus the low feeding level of ryegrass. Apparent digestibility of DM and OM was higher, and aNDF, ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose was lower, in wethers fed Chicory versus perennial ryegrass. In situ DM degradation rate of Chicory was higher than that of perennial ryegrass. Rumen liquid passage rate was the same for wethers fed the two forages and higher at the high feeding level. The reduction in methane emissions by feeding vegetative Chicory to wethers was limited, but increased feeding level reduces methane yields per unit of DM intake.
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effects of forage Chicory cichorium intybus and perennial ryegrass lolium perenne on methane emissions in vitro and from sheep
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Xuezhao Sun, S O Hoskin, G Molano, S Muetzel, H ClarkAbstract:Abstract Published reports of CH 4 yields as g CH 4 /kg dry matter (DM) intake suggest that emissions from sheep fed fresh forage Chicory ( Cichorium intybus ) are about 30% lower than from those fed fresh ryegrass. In this study, 2 year old wethers (16; 54 ± 3.8 kg liveweight) were fed either mature Chicory or perennial ryegrass at 1.3 times maintenance metabolisable energy requirements in the late spring/early summer of 2009. Methane emissions were determined using individual animal respiration chambers. Feeds differed in their chemical composition with Chicory containing 856 g/kg organic matter (OM), 117 g/kg crude protein (CP) and 281 g/kg neutral detergent fibre (aNDF), whereas ryegrass contained 916 g/kg OM, 85 g/kg CP and 499 g/kg aNDF. The DM intake was similar for both forages at 0.76 kg/d, and CH 4 yields did not differ between forages being 22.8 and 23.8 g CH 4 /kg DM intake for Chicory and ryegrass, respectively. In vitro incubations of Chicory and perennial ryegrass in the vegetative or mature states had similar CH 4 yields. Despite large differences in chemical composition, especially aNDF, Chicory and ryegrass had similar CH 4 yields in vitro and in vivo . Chicory is not a viable alternative to perennial ryegrass for mitigating CH 4 in pastoral based sheep production systems. This paper is part of the special issue entitled: Greenhouse Gases in Animal Agriculture – Finding a Balance between Food and Emissions, Guest Edited by T.A. McAllister, Section Guest Editors: K.A. Beauchemin, X. Hao, S. McGinn and Editor for Animal Feed Science and Technology, P.H. Robinson.