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Tom S J Elliott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • efficacy of adding 2 w v Chlorhexidine Gluconate to 70 v v isopropyl alcohol for skin disinfection prior to peripheral venous cannulation
    Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Heather Small, Debra Adams, Anna L Casey, Cynthia T Crosby, Peter A Lambert, Tom S J Elliott
    Abstract:

    We undertook a clinical trial to compare the efficacy of 2% (w/v) Chlorhexidine Gluconate in 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol with the efficacy of 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol alone for skin disinfection to prevent peripheral venous catheter colonization and contamination. We found that the addition of 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate reduced the number of peripheral venous catheters that were colonized or contaminated.

  • evaluation of a 2 Chlorhexidine Gluconate in 70 isopropyl alcohol skin disinfectant
    Journal of Hospital Infection, 2005
    Co-Authors: Debra Adams, Peter A Lambert, M Quayum, Tony Worthington, Tom S J Elliott
    Abstract:

    The efficacy of a new skin disinfectant, 2% (w/v) Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG) in 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (ChloraPrep), was compared with five commonly used skin disinfectants against Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A in the presence or absence of protein, utilizing quantitative time-kill suspension and carrier tests. All six disinfectants [70% (v/v) IPA, 0.5% (w/v) aqueous CHG, 2% (w/v) aqueous CHG, 0.5% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA and 10% (w/v) aqueous povidone iodine (PI)] achieved a log(10) reduction factor of 5, in colony-forming units/mL, in a suspension test (exposure time 30s) in the presence and absence of 10% human serum. Subsequent challenges of S. epidermidis RP62A in a biofilm (with and without human serum) demonstrated reduced bactericidal activity. Overall, the most effective skin disinfectants tested against S. epidermidis RP62A were 2% (w/v) CHG in 70% IPA and 10% (w/v) PI. These results suggest that enhanced skin antisepsis may be achieved with 2% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA compared with the three commonly used CHG preparations [0.5% (w/v) aqueous CHG, 2% (w/v) aqueous CHG and 0.5% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA].

  • evaluation of a 2 Chlorhexidine Gluconate in 70 isopropyl alcohol skin disinfectant
    Journal of Hospital Infection, 2005
    Co-Authors: Debra Adams, Peter A Lambert, M Quayum, Tony Worthington, Tom S J Elliott
    Abstract:

    Summary The efficacy of a new skin disinfectant, 2% (w/v) Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG) in 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (ChloraPrep w ), was compared with five commonly used skin disinfectants against Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A in the presence or absence of protein, utilizing quantitative time-kill suspension and carrier tests. All six disinfectants [70% (v/v) IPA, 0.5% (w/v) aqueous CHG, 2% (w/v) aqueous CHG, 0.5% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA and 10% (w/v) aqueous povidone iodine (PI)] achieved a log10 reduction factor of 5, in colony-forming units/mL, in a suspension test (exposure time 30 s) in the presence and absence of 10% human serum. Subsequent challenges of S. epidermidis RP62A in a biofilm (with and without human serum) demonstrated reduced bactericidal activity. Overall, the most effective skin disinfectants tested against S. epidermidis RP62A were 2% (w/v) CHG in 70% IPA and 10% (w/v) PI. These results suggest that enhanced skin antisepsis may be achieved with 2% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA compared with the three commonly used CHG preparations [0.5% (w/v) aqueous CHG, 2% (w/v) aqueous CHG and 0.5% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA]. Q 2005 The Hospital Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Arjuna N. B. Ellepola - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cell surface hydrophobicity of oral candida dubliniensis isolates following limited exposure to sub therapeutic concentrations of Chlorhexidine Gluconate
    Mycoses, 2013
    Co-Authors: Arjuna N. B. Ellepola, B K Joseph, Z U Khan
    Abstract:

    Summary Candidal adhesion has been implicated as the initial step in the pathogenesis of oral candidiasis and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) has been implicated in adhesion to mucosal surfaces. Candida dubliniensis is an opportunistic pathogen associated with recurrent oral candidiasis. Chlorhexidine Gluconate is by far the commonest antiseptic mouth wash prescribed in dentistry. At dosage intervals the intraoral concentration of this antiseptic fluctuates considerably and reaches sub-therapeutic levels due to the dynamics of the oral cavity. Hence, the organisms undergo only a limited exposure to the antiseptic during treatment. The impact of this antiseptic following such exposure on CSH of C. dubliniensis isolates has not been investigated. Hence, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of brief exposure to sub-therapeutic concentrations of Chlorhexidine Gluconate on the CSH of C. dubliniensis isolates. Twelve oral isolates of C. dubliniensis were briefly exposed to three sub-therapeutic concentrations of 0.005%, 0.0025% and 0.00125% Chlorhexidine Gluconate for 30 min. Following subsequent removal of the drug, the CSH of the isolates was determined by a biphasic aqueous-hydrocarbon assay. Compared with the controls, exposure to 0.005% and 0.0025% Chlorhexidine Gluconate suppressed the relative CSH of the total sample tested by 44.49% (P   0.05), four isolates of the group were significantly affected. These findings imply that exposure to sub-therapeutic concentrations of Chlorhexidine Gluconate may suppress CSH of C. dublinienis isolates, thereby reducing its pathogenicity and highlights further the pharmacodynamics of Chlorhexidine Gluconate.

  • the effect of brief exposure to sub therapeutic concentrations of Chlorhexidine Gluconate on germ tube formation of oral candida dubliniensis
    Mycoses, 2011
    Co-Authors: Arjuna N. B. Ellepola
    Abstract:

    Summary Adherence of Candida has been implicated as the first step in the pathogenesis of oral candidosis, and germ tube formation, a contributory attribute. While Chlorhexidine Gluconate is by far the most common antiseptic mouthwash prescribed in dentistry, its intraoral concentration fluctuates considerably because of the dynamics of the oral cavity. Hence, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of brief exposure to three different sub-therapeutic concentrations of Chlorhexidine Gluconate on germ tube formation of Candida dubliniensis. Twelve oral isolates of C. dubliniensis were exposed to three different sub-therapeutic concentrations of 0.005%, 0.0025% and 0.00125% Chlorhexidine Gluconate for 30 min. The antiseptic was removed, and following subsequent incubation in a germ tube inducing medium, the germ tube formation of these isolates was quantified microscopically. When compared with the controls, brief exposure to 0.005%, 0.0025% and 0.00125% Chlorhexidine Gluconate suppressed the ability to form germ tubes by 76.53% (P   0.05) respectively. These findings imply that brief exposure to sub-therapeutic levels of Chlorhexidine Gluconate may modulate germ tube formation of C. dubliniensis, thereby suppressing its pathogenicity in vivo.

  • the effect of brief exposure to sub therapeutic concentrations of Chlorhexidine Gluconate on the germ tube formation of oral candida albicans and its relationship to post antifungal effect
    Oral Diseases, 2008
    Co-Authors: Arjuna N. B. Ellepola, L P Samaranayake
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVES: Adherence of Candida albicans has been implicated as the first step in the pathogenesis of oral candidosis, and germ tube formation a contributory attribute. Recently, these organisms have also been implicated in persistent apical periodontitis. Chlorhexidine Gluconate is by far the commonest antiseptic mouth wash prescribed in dentistry. As the intraoral concentrations of this antiseptic fluctuate considerably due to the dynamics of the oral cavity, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of brief exposure to three different sub-therapeutic concentrations of Chlorhexidine Gluconate (0.005%, 0.0025% and 0.00125%) on the germ tube formation of C. albicans. These findings were then correlated with the Chlorhexidine-induced post-antifungal effect (PAFE) values we obtained in a study using the identical organisms and experimental conditions. DESIGN: Ten oral isolates of C. albicans were exposed to three different concentrations of Chlorhexidine Gluconate for 30 min, the antiseptic removed, and the germ tube formation of these isolates quantified following subsequent incubation in a germ tube inducing medium. The PAFE was evaluated by turbidometric measurement of growth. RESULTS: When compared with the controls, exposure to 0.005%, 0.0025% and 0.00125% Chlorhexidine Gluconate suppressed the ability to form germ tubes by 81.23% (P 0.05), respectively, while eliciting a mean PAFE of 9.91 h, 1.65 h and 0.67 h respectively. On regression analysis a significant positive correlation was observed between these two parameters (P < 0.0001: r = 0.7325). CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these findings imply that short exposure to sub-therapeutic levels of Chlorhexidine Gluconate may modulate candidal germ tube formation as well as its growth, thereby suppressing its pathogencity in vivo.

Debra Adams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • efficacy of adding 2 w v Chlorhexidine Gluconate to 70 v v isopropyl alcohol for skin disinfection prior to peripheral venous cannulation
    Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Heather Small, Debra Adams, Anna L Casey, Cynthia T Crosby, Peter A Lambert, Tom S J Elliott
    Abstract:

    We undertook a clinical trial to compare the efficacy of 2% (w/v) Chlorhexidine Gluconate in 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol with the efficacy of 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol alone for skin disinfection to prevent peripheral venous catheter colonization and contamination. We found that the addition of 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate reduced the number of peripheral venous catheters that were colonized or contaminated.

  • evaluation of a 2 Chlorhexidine Gluconate in 70 isopropyl alcohol skin disinfectant
    Journal of Hospital Infection, 2005
    Co-Authors: Debra Adams, Peter A Lambert, M Quayum, Tony Worthington, Tom S J Elliott
    Abstract:

    The efficacy of a new skin disinfectant, 2% (w/v) Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG) in 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (ChloraPrep), was compared with five commonly used skin disinfectants against Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A in the presence or absence of protein, utilizing quantitative time-kill suspension and carrier tests. All six disinfectants [70% (v/v) IPA, 0.5% (w/v) aqueous CHG, 2% (w/v) aqueous CHG, 0.5% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA and 10% (w/v) aqueous povidone iodine (PI)] achieved a log(10) reduction factor of 5, in colony-forming units/mL, in a suspension test (exposure time 30s) in the presence and absence of 10% human serum. Subsequent challenges of S. epidermidis RP62A in a biofilm (with and without human serum) demonstrated reduced bactericidal activity. Overall, the most effective skin disinfectants tested against S. epidermidis RP62A were 2% (w/v) CHG in 70% IPA and 10% (w/v) PI. These results suggest that enhanced skin antisepsis may be achieved with 2% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA compared with the three commonly used CHG preparations [0.5% (w/v) aqueous CHG, 2% (w/v) aqueous CHG and 0.5% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA].

  • evaluation of a 2 Chlorhexidine Gluconate in 70 isopropyl alcohol skin disinfectant
    Journal of Hospital Infection, 2005
    Co-Authors: Debra Adams, Peter A Lambert, M Quayum, Tony Worthington, Tom S J Elliott
    Abstract:

    Summary The efficacy of a new skin disinfectant, 2% (w/v) Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG) in 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (ChloraPrep w ), was compared with five commonly used skin disinfectants against Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A in the presence or absence of protein, utilizing quantitative time-kill suspension and carrier tests. All six disinfectants [70% (v/v) IPA, 0.5% (w/v) aqueous CHG, 2% (w/v) aqueous CHG, 0.5% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA and 10% (w/v) aqueous povidone iodine (PI)] achieved a log10 reduction factor of 5, in colony-forming units/mL, in a suspension test (exposure time 30 s) in the presence and absence of 10% human serum. Subsequent challenges of S. epidermidis RP62A in a biofilm (with and without human serum) demonstrated reduced bactericidal activity. Overall, the most effective skin disinfectants tested against S. epidermidis RP62A were 2% (w/v) CHG in 70% IPA and 10% (w/v) PI. These results suggest that enhanced skin antisepsis may be achieved with 2% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA compared with the three commonly used CHG preparations [0.5% (w/v) aqueous CHG, 2% (w/v) aqueous CHG and 0.5% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA]. Q 2005 The Hospital Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Jeffery S Garland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Peter A Lambert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • efficacy of adding 2 w v Chlorhexidine Gluconate to 70 v v isopropyl alcohol for skin disinfection prior to peripheral venous cannulation
    Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Heather Small, Debra Adams, Anna L Casey, Cynthia T Crosby, Peter A Lambert, Tom S J Elliott
    Abstract:

    We undertook a clinical trial to compare the efficacy of 2% (w/v) Chlorhexidine Gluconate in 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol with the efficacy of 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol alone for skin disinfection to prevent peripheral venous catheter colonization and contamination. We found that the addition of 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate reduced the number of peripheral venous catheters that were colonized or contaminated.

  • evaluation of a 2 Chlorhexidine Gluconate in 70 isopropyl alcohol skin disinfectant
    Journal of Hospital Infection, 2005
    Co-Authors: Debra Adams, Peter A Lambert, M Quayum, Tony Worthington, Tom S J Elliott
    Abstract:

    The efficacy of a new skin disinfectant, 2% (w/v) Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG) in 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (ChloraPrep), was compared with five commonly used skin disinfectants against Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A in the presence or absence of protein, utilizing quantitative time-kill suspension and carrier tests. All six disinfectants [70% (v/v) IPA, 0.5% (w/v) aqueous CHG, 2% (w/v) aqueous CHG, 0.5% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA and 10% (w/v) aqueous povidone iodine (PI)] achieved a log(10) reduction factor of 5, in colony-forming units/mL, in a suspension test (exposure time 30s) in the presence and absence of 10% human serum. Subsequent challenges of S. epidermidis RP62A in a biofilm (with and without human serum) demonstrated reduced bactericidal activity. Overall, the most effective skin disinfectants tested against S. epidermidis RP62A were 2% (w/v) CHG in 70% IPA and 10% (w/v) PI. These results suggest that enhanced skin antisepsis may be achieved with 2% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA compared with the three commonly used CHG preparations [0.5% (w/v) aqueous CHG, 2% (w/v) aqueous CHG and 0.5% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA].

  • evaluation of a 2 Chlorhexidine Gluconate in 70 isopropyl alcohol skin disinfectant
    Journal of Hospital Infection, 2005
    Co-Authors: Debra Adams, Peter A Lambert, M Quayum, Tony Worthington, Tom S J Elliott
    Abstract:

    Summary The efficacy of a new skin disinfectant, 2% (w/v) Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG) in 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (ChloraPrep w ), was compared with five commonly used skin disinfectants against Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A in the presence or absence of protein, utilizing quantitative time-kill suspension and carrier tests. All six disinfectants [70% (v/v) IPA, 0.5% (w/v) aqueous CHG, 2% (w/v) aqueous CHG, 0.5% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA and 10% (w/v) aqueous povidone iodine (PI)] achieved a log10 reduction factor of 5, in colony-forming units/mL, in a suspension test (exposure time 30 s) in the presence and absence of 10% human serum. Subsequent challenges of S. epidermidis RP62A in a biofilm (with and without human serum) demonstrated reduced bactericidal activity. Overall, the most effective skin disinfectants tested against S. epidermidis RP62A were 2% (w/v) CHG in 70% IPA and 10% (w/v) PI. These results suggest that enhanced skin antisepsis may be achieved with 2% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA compared with the three commonly used CHG preparations [0.5% (w/v) aqueous CHG, 2% (w/v) aqueous CHG and 0.5% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA]. Q 2005 The Hospital Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.