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Jun Tamaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effect of micro gap electrode on sensing properties to dilute Chlorine Gas of indium oxide thin film microsensors
    Sensors and Actuators B-chemical, 2006
    Co-Authors: Jun Tamaki, Jun Niimi, Shunsuke Ogura, Satoshi Konishi
    Abstract:

    Abstract Effects of gap size on dilute Cl 2 Gas sensing properties have been investigated for the In 2 O 3 thin film microsensors equipped with micro-gap electrode. The micro-gap electrodes with various gap sizes (0.1–2 μm) were fabricated on SiO 2 /Si substrate by means of MEMS techniques (photolithography and FIB). Then the In 2 O 3 thin film was deposited on the micro-gap electrode to be micro Gas sensor. The resistance of In 2 O 3 microsensor was increased upon exposure to dilute Cl 2 Gas of ppm-level, while the sensor responded to Cl 2 Gas less than 0.5 ppm with resistance decrease. Interestingly, in both cases the sensitivities were increased with decreasing gap size, although the starting gap size of sensitivity increase were different from each other. The high sensitivity was obtained for In 2 O 3 microsensor with 0.1 μm gap. The number of grains was decreased with decreasing gap size, inducing the increasing contribution of interface between electrode and oxide. The sensitivity was increased due to the high sensitivity at interface. The similar effect of number of grains in the micro-gap was examined for the grains with different size packed in the 0.1 μm gap electrode. The different grain size was obtained after calcinations at 600–850 °C. With decreasing number of grains, the sensitivity to 1 ppm Cl 2 (resistance increase) was increased, while the sensitivity to 0.5 ppm Cl 2 (resistance decrease) was decreased. It is assumed that the condition of oxide–electrode interface or In 2 O 3 surface is changed with calcination.

  • sensing properties to dilute Chlorine Gas of indium oxide based thin film sensors prepared by electron beam evaporation
    Sensors and Actuators B-chemical, 2002
    Co-Authors: Jun Tamaki, Chizuko Naruo, Yoshifumi Yamamoto, Masao Matsuoka
    Abstract:

    Indium oxide based thin films have been prepared by an electron beam evaporation and subjected to the detection of dilute Cl2 Gas less than ppm-level. Among various In2O3 based sensors tested, the In2O3 thin film modified with Fe2O3 (1 wt%) showed extremely high sensitivity to dilute Cl2 Gas of 0.2 – 5 ppm. The Fe203-In2O3 sensor showed the sensitivity as high as 4.5 to 0.2 ppm Cl2 in air. Effects of Fe2O3 addition were assumed to be the stabilization of lattice oxygen and the increase in number of adsorption site of Cl2.

  • sensing properties to dilute Chlorine Gas of indium oxide based thin film sensors prepared by electron beam evaporation
    Sensors and Actuators B-chemical, 2002
    Co-Authors: Jun Tamaki, Chizuko Naruo, Yoshifumi Yamamoto, Masao Matsuoka
    Abstract:

    Indium oxide based thin films have been prepared by an electron beam evaporation and subjected to the detection of dilute Cl2 Gas less than ppm-level. Among various In2O3 based sensors tested, the In2O3 thin film modified with Fe2O3 (1 wt%) showed extremely high sensitivity to dilute Cl2 Gas of 0.2 – 5 ppm. The Fe203-In2O3 sensor showed the sensitivity as high as 4.5 to 0.2 ppm Cl2 in air. Effects of Fe2O3 addition were assumed to be the stabilization of lattice oxygen and the increase in number of adsorption site of Cl2.

Masao Matsuoka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • sensing properties to dilute Chlorine Gas of indium oxide based thin film sensors prepared by electron beam evaporation
    Sensors and Actuators B-chemical, 2002
    Co-Authors: Jun Tamaki, Chizuko Naruo, Yoshifumi Yamamoto, Masao Matsuoka
    Abstract:

    Indium oxide based thin films have been prepared by an electron beam evaporation and subjected to the detection of dilute Cl2 Gas less than ppm-level. Among various In2O3 based sensors tested, the In2O3 thin film modified with Fe2O3 (1 wt%) showed extremely high sensitivity to dilute Cl2 Gas of 0.2 – 5 ppm. The Fe203-In2O3 sensor showed the sensitivity as high as 4.5 to 0.2 ppm Cl2 in air. Effects of Fe2O3 addition were assumed to be the stabilization of lattice oxygen and the increase in number of adsorption site of Cl2.

  • sensing properties to dilute Chlorine Gas of indium oxide based thin film sensors prepared by electron beam evaporation
    Sensors and Actuators B-chemical, 2002
    Co-Authors: Jun Tamaki, Chizuko Naruo, Yoshifumi Yamamoto, Masao Matsuoka
    Abstract:

    Indium oxide based thin films have been prepared by an electron beam evaporation and subjected to the detection of dilute Cl2 Gas less than ppm-level. Among various In2O3 based sensors tested, the In2O3 thin film modified with Fe2O3 (1 wt%) showed extremely high sensitivity to dilute Cl2 Gas of 0.2 – 5 ppm. The Fe203-In2O3 sensor showed the sensitivity as high as 4.5 to 0.2 ppm Cl2 in air. Effects of Fe2O3 addition were assumed to be the stabilization of lattice oxygen and the increase in number of adsorption site of Cl2.

J M Coulson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • civilian exposure to Chlorine Gas a systematic review
    Toxicology Letters, 2018
    Co-Authors: P Govier, J M Coulson
    Abstract:

    Abstract Introduction Halogen pulmonary irritants (HPIs) are volatile liquids that directly damage the respiratory mucosa. Chlorine is readily available in large volumes as an industrial chemical and has a significant potential for accidental or deliberate release. We conducted a systematic review to determine the clinical features; treatment and long-term sequelae of civilian Chlorine Gas exposure. Methods A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. Medline; Ovid and Google Scholar databases were searched from 1966 to January 2017. A database of relevant papers was compiled and descriptive statistics used to summarise the data. Results Thirty-six papers describing 37 incidents involving 1566 individual acute exposers to Chlorine Gas were identified. The most common reported features were cough (29%), dyspnoea (22%), sore throat (16%), eye features (12%) and excessive sputum or haemoptysis (7%). Acute management included high-flow oxygen (32.8%); steroids (28.4%); bronchodilators (28.2%) and ventilation (2.3%). Nine deaths (0.6%) were reported. Follow-up data available in 60% of cases; full recovery was reported in 90% of cases where data was available. Discussion Acute Chlorine Gas exposure in civilian incidents presented with acute respiratory features and irritation of the eyes and throat. The development of pulmonary oedema or ARDS was relatively rare when compared to military experience in the First World War.

Satyendra K Mishra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fabrication and characterization of a SPR based fiber optic sensor for the detection of Chlorine Gas using silver and zinc oxide
    Materials, 2015
    Co-Authors: Sarma P. Usha, Satyendra K Mishra
    Abstract:

    A fiber optic Chlorine Gas sensor working on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique fabricated using coatings of silver and zinc oxide films over unclad core of the optical fiber is reported. The sensor probe is characterized using wavelength interrogation and recording SPR spectra for different concentrations of Chlorine Gas around the probe. A red shift is observed in the resonance wavelength on increasing the concentration of the Chlorine Gas. The thickness of the zinc oxide film is optimized to achieve the maximum sensitivity of the sensor. In addition to wavelength interrogation, the sensor can also work on intensity modulation. The selectivity of the sensor towards Chlorine Gas is verified by carrying out measurements for different Gases. The sensor has various advantages such as better sensitivity, good selectivity, reusability, fast response, low cost, capability of online monitoring and remote sensing.

  • Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Fiber Optic Chlorine Gas Sensor Utilizing Indium-Oxide-Doped Tin Oxide Film
    Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Satyendra K Mishra, Banshi D. Gupta
    Abstract:

    Fabrication and characterization of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based fiber optic Chlorine Gas sensor are carried out. The fiber optic probe is fabricated by depositing a thin layer of indium-oxide-doped tin oxide over a silver-coated unclad core of the fiber. The SPR spectra of the Chlorine Gas for its different concentrations are obtained. It is observed that the resonance wavelength increases as the concentration of the Chlorine Gas increases and appears to saturate for higher concentrations of the Gas. The sensitivity of the sensor depends on the thickness and the doping concentration of the indium-oxide-doped tin oxide film. The optimum thickness and the atomic weight percent doping concentration of the film are found to be 12 nm and 6 at. wt.%, respectively. To compare the performance, experiments are also carried out on probes coated with indium oxide and tin oxide layers over silver coated unclad core of the fiber. The performance of both the probes is found to be inferior to the one coated with indium-oxide-doped tin oxide layer. Further, the indium oxide doped tin oxide layer based probe is highly sensitive to Chlorine Gas for low concentrations. The sensor has low response time and is reversible. The proposed probe has advantages of online monitoring and remote sensing.

Nguyen Van Hieu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chlorine Gas sensing performance of on chip grown zno wo3 and sno2 nanowire sensors
    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2016
    Co-Authors: Tran Van Dang, Nguyen Duc Hoa, Nguyen Van Duy, Nguyen Van Hieu
    Abstract:

    Monitoring toxic Chlorine (Cl2) at the parts-per-billion (ppb) level is crucial for safe usage of this Gas. Herein, ZnO, WO3, and SnO2 nanowire sensors were fabricated using an on-chip growth technique with chemical vapor deposition. The Cl2 Gas-sensing characteristics of the fabricated sensors were systematically investigated. Results demonstrated that SnO2 nanowires exhibited higher sensitivity to Cl2 Gas than ZnO and WO3 nanowires. The response (RCl2/Rair) of the SnO2 nanowire sensor to 50 ppb Cl2 at 50 °C was about 57. Hence, SnO2 nanowires can be an excellent sensing material for detecting Cl2 Gas at the ppb level under low temperatures. Abnormal sensing characteristics were observed in the WO3 and SnO2 nanowire sensors at certain temperatures; in particular, the response level of these sensors to 5 ppm of Cl2 was lower than that to 2.5 ppm of Cl2. The sensing mechanism of the SnO2 nanowire sensor was also elucidated by determining Cl2 responses under N2 and dry air as carrier Gases. We proved that the Cl2 molecule was first directly adsorbed on the metal oxide surface and was then substituted for pre-adsorbed oxygen, followed by lattice oxygen.