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G A Hebner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • metastable Chlorine Ion kinetics in inductively coupled plasmas
    Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, 1997
    Co-Authors: G A Hebner, C B Fleddermann, P A Miller
    Abstract:

    Laser induced fluorescence has been used to measure the temperature, radial drift velocity, and relative number density of metastable Chlorine Ions, Cl+*, in inductively coupled discharges containing mixtures of BCl3, Cl2, N2, and Ar. In the center of the plasma, the Cl+* temperature varied between 2000 and 3000 K for most conditIons investigated. The additIon of BCl3 to a Cl2 plasma significantly decreased the density of metastable Chlorine Ions without changing their temperature. AdditIon of nitrogen to a BCl3 plasma resulted in a factor of 3 increase in the Cl+* density. Spatially resolved measurements of the Cl+* density are compared with Langmuir probe measurements of the spatially resolved electron density and Ion saturatIon current. In general, the normalized Cl+* density was a factor of 2–3 lower than the electron density at the edge of the plasma. Spatially resolved measurements of the Ion temperature indicated that the Ion temperature increased to between 4500 and 5500 K at the edge of the disch...

  • metastable Chlorine Ion temperature and drift velocity in an inductively coupled plasma
    Journal of Applied Physics, 1996
    Co-Authors: G A Hebner
    Abstract:

    Laser‐induced fluorescence has been used to measure the temperature and radial drift velocity of metastable Chlorine Ions in inductively coupled Cl2 and Ar/Cl2 plasmas. In the center of the plasma, the Cl metastable Ion temperature varied between 1500 and 3200 K for rf powers between 200 and 400 W and pressures between 7 and 30 mTorr. Increasing the Chlorine fractIon in an Ar/Cl2 gas mixture from 10% to 100% increased the Cl metastable Ion temperature from approximately 1500 to 3200 K. Spatially resolved measurements of the Ion temperature indicated that the Ion temperature increased to between 4500 and 5500 K at the edge of the discharge and increased approximately 700 K moving from the rf source toward the lower electrode. Ion drift velocity in the radial directIon was between 6×104 and 8×104 cm/s at the edge of the plasma. ImplicatIons of these measurements on the Ar/Cl2 chemistry and the energy transport in the plasma are discussed.

Xie Xiaoli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • carbonatIon life predictIon of service reinforced concrete bridge based on reliability theory of durability
    Concrete, 2013
    Co-Authors: Xie Xiaoli
    Abstract:

    The Xiangzhu grade separatIon bridge on the appearance test,concrete rebound detectIon,concrete cover depth detectIon,concrete carbonatIon depth detectIon,concrete Chlorine Ion content detectIon,and the detectIon results in statistics and analysis.Based on the bridge of the service the atmospheric environment parameters and testing data,study calculated and analyzed the main stress components the carbonatIon bridge reliability index and remaining life of carbide,assessing the bridge for the service life and reinforcement maintenance and offer the scientific basis.

  • carbonatIon life predictIon of service reinforced concrete bridge based on reliability theory of durability
    Sichuan Building Science, 2013
    Co-Authors: Xie Xiaoli
    Abstract:

    The Youai grade separatIon bridge is a transportatIon hub of nanning fast ring road,and the durability evaluatIon and life predictIon of the bridge is extremely significant for ensuring the normal operatIon of the bridge.The youai grade separatIon bridge on the appearance test,concrete rebound detectIon,concrete cover depth detectIon,concrete carbonatIon depth detectIon,concrete Chlorine Ion content detectIon,and the detectIon results in statistics and analysis.Based on the bridge of the service the atmospheric environment parameters and testing data,the paper calculates and analyzes the main stress components the carbonatIon bridge reliability index and remaining life of carbide,assessing the bridge for the service life and reinforcement maintenance and offer the scientific basis.

Stanislaw Halas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • negative Ion source for Chlorine isotope ratio measurements
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Andrzej Pelc, Stanislaw Halas
    Abstract:

    A negative Chlorine Ion source has been designed and constructed. The source utilizes direct surfaceIonizatIon of chloromethane gas on a hot metal filament. Four different alloys for the filamentmaterial were tested: W99Th1, W75Re25, Hf97.5Zr2.5 and Mo52.5Re47.5. We conclude that the bestfilament material is the MoRe alloy, for which the signal-to-noise ratio is optimal. The Ion source isused for Chlorine isotope ratio measurements with higher precisIon and sensitivity than the positiveIonizatIon source used previously. Inasmuch as only negative Ions of the two isotopes of interest areobserved, no correctIons to the measured isotope ratio are necessary, and less rigously purifiedsamples may be analyzed. The negative Ion currents are considerably larger than positive Ioncurrents obtained with an electron IonizatIon source. This implies higher analytical precisIon(typically 0.005permil) and sensitivity. Copyright # 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.The most common method used in Chlorine isotope ratioanalysis employs the conversIon of the Chlorine dissolved inwater into chloromethane (CH

Ying-ta Chiu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The corrosIon behavior of Ag alloy wire bond on Al pad in molding compounds of various Chlorine contents under biased-HAST
    2016 International Conference on Electronics Packaging (ICEP), 2016
    Co-Authors: Ying-ta Chiu, Tzu-hsing Chiang, Ping-feng Yang, Louie Huang, Chih-pin Hung, Shoji Uegaki
    Abstract:

    The present article investigated the performance and corrosIon behavior between Ag alloy wire bond and Al pad under molding compounds of different Chlorine contents. The epoxy molding compounds (EMCs) were categorized as ultra-high Chlorine, high Chlorine and low Chlorine, respectively, with 18.3 and 4.1 ppm Chlorine contents. The ball bonds were stressed under 130°C/85%RH with biased voltage of 10V. The interfacial evolutIon between Ag alloy wire bond and Al pad was investigated in EMC of three Chlorine contents after the biased-HAST test. The Ag bonding wires used in the plastic ball grid array (PBGA) package include low Ag wire (89wt%) and high Ag alloy wire (97wt%). The as bonded wire bond exhibits an average Ag-Al IMC thickness of ~0.56 μm in both types of Ag alloy wire. Two Cu-Al IMC layers, AgAl2 and Ag4Al, analyzed by EDX were formed after 96h of biased-HAST test. The joint failed in 96h and 480h, respectively, under high Chlorine content EMC. The joint lasts longer than 1056h with low Chlorine content EMC. The corrosIon of IMC formed between Ag alloy wire and Al pad, occurs in the high Ag content alloy wire. The results of EDX analysis indicate that the Chlorine Ion diffuses from molding compound to IMC through the crack formed between IMC and Al pad. Al2O3 was formed within the IMC layer. It is believed the existence of Al2O3 accelerates the penetratIon of the Chlorine Ion and thus the corrosIon.

  • the corrosIon performance of cu alloy wire bond on al pad in molding compounds of various Chlorine contents under biased hast
    Electronic Components and Technology Conference, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ying-ta Chiu, Tzu-hsing Chiang, Ping-feng Yang, Louie Huang, Yin Fa Chen, Kwanglung Lin
    Abstract:

    The present article investigated the performance and interfacial behavior between Cu wire bond and Al pad under molding compounds of different Chlorine contents. The epoxy molding compounds (EMCs) were categorized as ultra-high Chlorine, high Chlorine and low Chlorine, respectively, with 24, 7.6, and 4.3 ppm Chlorine contents. The ball bonds were stressed under 130°C/85%RH with biased voltage of 10V. The interfacial evolutIon between Cu wire bond and Al pad was investigated in EMC of three Chlorine contents after the biased-HAST test. The Cu bonding wires used in the plastic ball grid array (PBGA) package include bare Cu wire (4N Cu) and Pd coated Cu alloy wire (98Cu2Pd). The as bonded wire bond exhibits an average Cu-Al DV1C thickness of ~0.12 um in both types of Cu wire. Two Cu-Al IMC layers, Cu 9 Al 4 and CuAl 2 , analyzed by EDX were formed after 100h of biased-HAST test. The joint failed in 192h and 1296h, respectively, under ultra-high and high Chlorine content EMC. The joint lasts longer than 2000h with low Chlorine content EMC. The corrosIon of IMC formed between Cu wire and Al pad, occurs in the ultra-high and high Chlorine molding compound. The results of EDX analysis indicate that the Chlorine Ion diffuses from molding compound to DVIC through the crack formed between IMC and Al pad. Al 2 O 3 was formed within the DVIC layer. It is believed the existence of Al 2 O 3 accelerates the penetratIon of the Chlorine Ion and thus the corrosIon.

Yuezhou Wei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • luminescent layered europium hydroxide as sensor for multi response to cr2o72 or mno4 based on static quenching and inner filter effect
    Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2021
    Co-Authors: Wudong Liu, Jie Zhang, Xiangbiao Yin, Xinpeng Wang, Yuezhou Wei
    Abstract:

    Abstract Through a simple hydrothermal reactIon, LEuH-Cl (where LEuH and Cl denote layered europium hydroxide and a Chlorine Ion, respectively) was synthesized. Its structure and properties were similar to those of layered double hydroxides (LDHs). The material was composed of europium hydroxide host layers with a positive charge and a guest interlayer with Chlorine Ions. The hydrotalcite-like structure gives it excellent anIon exchange abilities, and the host shows an intense photoluminescence (PL), mainly through 5D0→7FJ (J = 0,1,2,3, and 4). MnO4− or Cr2O72− can be directly adsorbed by LEuH-Cl in an aqueous solutIon due to the large number of exchangeable Chlorine Ions, thereby resulting in a static quenching effect (SQE) and forming an inner filter effect (IFE) system, which leads to the direct quenching of the PL intensity. Based on this characteristic, the concentratIon of these two substances in an aqueous solutIon can be detected quickly and simply. Based on the experimental results, LEuH-Cl exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity toward MnO4− and Cr2O72− in an aqueous solutIon. The detectIon limits of MnO4− and Cr2O72− were calculated to be 3.43 and 1.19 μM, respectively. This proved the feasibility of using the material for the direct detectIon of multiple substances. The quenching caused by the anIon exchange of layered rare-earth hydroxides (LRHs) was further explored.