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José Antonio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Salida de campo a la Cuesta de la Maruquesa y Mucientes (Valladolid) el 22 de febrero de 1953
2009Co-Authors: Valverde Gómez, José AntonioAbstract:Salidas de campo simultáneas del autor a la Cuesta de la Maruquesa, en Valladolid capital, y de un colaborador anónimo a Mucientes (Valladolid), el 22 de febrero de 1953, de la que se anotaron observaciones sobre las siguientes aves: Alauda arvensis (Alondra común), Anthus pratensis (Bisbita común), Carduelis Chloris (Verderón común, llamado Chloris Chloris por el autor), Fringilla coelebs (Pinzón vulgar), Fringilla montifringilla (Pinzón real), Phylloscopus collybita (Mosquitero común) y Serinus serinus (Verdecillo).Simoultaneous field trips of the author to the Cuesta de la Maruquesa, in the city of Valladolid, and of an anonymous contributor to Mucientes (Valladolid), the 22nd of February of 1953, of which there were noted observations about the following birds: Alauda arvensis (Eurasian Skylark), Anthus pratensis (Meadow Pipit), Carduelis Chloris (European Greenfinch, refered as Chloris Chloris by the author), Fringilla coelebs (Chaffinch), Fringilla montifringilla (Brambling), Phylloscopus collybita (Common Chiffchaff) and Serinus serinus (European Serin)
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Salida de campo a Zaratán (Valladolid), probablemente el 7 de enero de 1953
2009Co-Authors: Valverde Gómez, José AntonioAbstract:Salida de campo a Zaratán (Valladolid), probablemente el 7 de enero de 1953, de la que se anotaron observaciones sobre Lepus sp. (Liebre) y las siguientes aves: Alondra (probablemente, Alauda arvensis, la Alondra común), Athene noctua (Mochuelo europeo), Buteo buteo (Busardo ratonero, también llamado Águila ratera), Carduelis cannabina (Pardillo común, llamada Colorín y Acanthis cannabina por el autor), Carduelis Chloris (Verderón común, llamado Chloris Chloris por el autor), Carduelis sp. (seguramente, el Jilguero, C.carduelis), Columba domestica (Paloma doméstica), Corvus corone (Corneja negra), Corvus frugilegus (Graja), Emberiza cirlus (Escribano soteño), Falco tinnunculus (Cernícalo vulgar), Fringilla montifringilla (Pinzón real), Fringilla sp. (Pinzón), Galerida sp. (Cogujada), Melanocorypha calandra (Calandria), Motacilla alba (Lavandera blanca), Perdiz (Alectoris sp. o Perdix sp.), Phoenicurus ochruros (Colirrojo tizón), Pica pica (Urraca, llamada "marica" y "picarza" por el autor), Serinus serinus (Verdecillo), Sturnus sp. (Estornino) y Vanellus vanellus (Avefría europea).Field trip to Zaratán (Valladolid), possibly the 7th of January of 1953, of which there were noted observations about Lepus sp. (Hare) and the following birds: Athene noctua (Little Owl), Buteo buteo (Common Buzzard), Carduelis cannabina (Eurasian Linnet, refered as Acanthis cannabina by the author), Carduelis Chloris (European Greenfinch, refered as Chloris Chloris by the author), Carduelis sp. (probably, the European Goldfinch, C.carduelis), Columba domestica (Domestic Pigeon), Corvus corone (Carrion Crow), Corvus frugilegus (Rook), Emberiza cirlus (Cirl Bunting), Falco tinnunculus (Common Kestrel), Fringilla montifringilla (Brambling), Fringilla sp. (Chaffinch), Galerida sp. (Lark), Melanocorypha calandra (Calandria Lark), Motacilla alba (White Wagtail), Partridge (Alectoris sp. or Perdix sp.), Phoenicurus ochruros (Black Redstart), Pica pica (Black-billed Magpie), Serinus serinus (European Serin), Sturnus sp. (Starling), Skylark (possibly, Alauda arvensis, the Eurasian Skylark) and Vanellus vanellus (Northern Lapwing)
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Salida de campo a Tudela de Duero (Valladolid) el 21 de noviembre de 1954
2009Co-Authors: Valverde Gómez, José AntonioAbstract:Salida de campo a Tudela de Duero (Valladolid), el 21 de noviembre de 1954, de la que se anotaron observaciones sobre el mamífero Lepus sp. (Liebre), y las siguientes aves: Accipiter nisus (Gavilán común, también llamado Astur palumbarius por el autor), Buteo buteo (Busardo ratonero, también llamado Águila ratera), Carduelis cannabina (Pardillo común, llamada Colorín y Acanthis cannabina por el autor), Burhinus oedicnemus (Alcaraván común), Buteo buteo (Busardo ratonero, también llamado Águila ratera), Carduelis Chloris (Verderón común, llamado Chloris Chloris por el autor), Carduelis sp. (probablemente, el Jilguero, C.carduelis), Circus aeruginosus (Aguilucho lagunero occidental), Columba oenas (Paloma zurita), Columba palumbus (Paloma torcaz), Corvus frugilegus (Graja), Corvus monedula (Grajilla, llamada Coloeus por el autor), Emberiza cia (Escribano montesino), Falco subbuteo (Alcotán), Falco tinnunculus (Cernícalo vulgar), Fringilla coelebs (Pinzón vulgar), Fringilla montifringilla (Pinzón real), Gyps fulvus (Buitre leonado), Lullula arborea (Totovía), Perdiz (Alectoris sp. o Perdix sp.), Petronia petronia (Gorrión chillón, también llamada Jiria), Saxicola torquata (Tarabilla común), Sylvia undata (Curruca rabilarga), Tetrax tetrax (Sisón común, llamado Otis tetrax por el autor), Turdus ericetorum (considerado actualmente Turdus philomelos, el Zorzal común) y Turdus iliacus (Zorzal alirrojo, llamado Malvís por el autor).Field trip to Tudela de Duero (Valladolid), the 21st of November of 1954, of which there were noted observations about the mammal Lepus sp. (Hare), and the following birds: Accipiter nisus (Eurasian Sparrowhawk, also refered as Astur palumbarius by the author), Burhinus oedicnemus (Eurasian Thick-Knee), Buteo buteo (Common Buzzard), Carduelis cannabina (Eurasian Linnet, refered as Acanthis cannabina by the author), Carduelis Chloris (European Greenfinch, refered as Chloris Chloris by the author), Carduelis sp. (possibly, the European Goldfinch, C.carduelis), Circus aeruginosus (Western Marsh-Harrier), Columba oenas (Stock Pigeon), Columba palumbus (Common Wood-pigeon), Corvus frugilegus (Rook), Corvus monedula (Eurasian Jackdaw, refered as Coloeus by the author), Emberiza cia (Rock Bunting), Falco subbuteo (Eurasian Hobby), Falco tinnunculus (Common Kestrel), Fringilla coelebs (Chaffinch), Fringilla montifringilla (Brambling), Gyps fulvus (Eurasian Griffon), Lullula arborea (Wood Lark), Partridge (Alectoris sp. or Perdix sp.), Petronia petronia (Rock Sparrow), Saxicola torquata (African Stonechat), Sylvia undata (Dartford Warbler), Tetrax tetrax (Little Bustard, refered as Otis tetrax by the author), Turdus ericetorum (currently considered Turdus philomelos, the Song Thrush) and Turdus iliacus (Redwing)
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Salida de campo a la Cuesta de la Maruquesa (Valladolid) el 11 de enero de 1953 y estadísticas de taxiados
2009Co-Authors: Valverde Gómez, José AntonioAbstract:Salida de campo a la Cuesta de la Maruquesa, en Valladolid capital, el 11 de enero de 1953, de la que se anotaron observaciones sobre las siguientes aves: Alauda arvensis (Alondra común), Carduelis cannabina (Pardillo común, llamada Colorín y Acanthis cannabina por el autor), Carduelis Chloris (Verderón común, llamado Chloris Chloris por el autor), Carduelis sp. (probablemente, el Jilguero, C.carduelis), Carduelis spinus (Lúgano, llamado Acanthis spinus por el autor), Certhia sp. (Agateador, también conocido como Chapin), "Chorla" (probablemente se refiere a la Ganga ortega, Pterocles orientalis), Columba domestica (Paloma doméstica), Columba livia (Paloma bravía), Columba oenas (Paloma zurita), Corvus corone (Corneja negra), Emberiza cia (Escribano montesino), Emberiza cirlus (Escribano soteño), Falco columbarius (Esmerejón, llamado F.aesalon por el autor), Fringilla coelebs (Pinzón vulgar), Fringilla montifringilla (Pinzón real), Lophophanes cristatus (Herrerillo capuchino, llamado Parus cristarus por el autor), Melanocorypha calandra (Calandria), Motacilla alba (Lavandera blanca), Parus major (Carbonero común, también conocido como Chapin), Passer montanus (Gorrión molinero), Perdiz (Alectoris sp. o Perdix sp.), Pica pica (Urraca, llamada "marica" y "picarza" por el autor), Picus viridis (Pito real), Serinus serinus (Verdecillo), Turdus merula (Mirlo común) y Turdus pilaris (Zorzal real).Field trip to the Cuesta de la Maruquesa, in the city of Valladolid, the 11th of January of 1953, of which there were noted observations about the following birds: Alauda arvensis (Eurasian Skylark), Carduelis cannabina (Eurasian Linnet, refered as Acanthis cannabina by the author), Carduelis Chloris (European Greenfinch, refered as Chloris Chloris by the author), Carduelis sp. (possibly, the European Goldfinch, C.carduelis), Carduelis spinus (Eurasian Siskin, referres as acanthis spinus by the author), Certhia sp. (Tree-creeper), "Chorla" (possibly, the Black-bellied Sandgrouse, Pterocles orientalis), Columba livia (Rock Pigeon), Columba oenas (Stock Pigeon), Columba palumbus (Common Wood-pigeon), Corvus corone (Carrion Crow), Emberiza cia (Rock Bunting), Emberiza cirlus (Cirl Bunting), Falco columbarius (Merlin, refered as F.aesalon by the author), Fringilla coelebs (Chaffinch), Fringilla montifringilla (Brambling), Lophophanes cristatus (Crested Tit, refered as, Parus cristatus by the author), Melanocorypha calandra (Calandria Lark), Motacilla alba (White Wagtail), Partridge (Alectoris sp. or Perdix sp.), Parus major (Great Tit), Passer montanus (Eurasian Tree Sparrow), Pica pica (Black-billed Magpie), Picus viridis (Eurasian Green Woodpecker), Serinus serinus (European Serin), Turdus merula (Eurasian Blackbird) and Turdus pilaris (Fieldfare)
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Salida de campo desde El Habanero a Zaratán (Valladolid) el 17 de enero de 1953
2009Co-Authors: Valverde Gómez, José AntonioAbstract:Salida de campo desde El Habanero a Zaratán (Valladolid), con ida por el valle que da a La Flecha y vuelta por Caño Morante, durante la mañana del 17 de enero de 1953, en la que se realizaron taxiados de las especies de aves presentes por hábitats. Así, se observaron las siguientes aves: Alauda arvensis (Alondra común), Alontra (seguramente, la Alondra común, Alauda arvensis), Anthus sp. (Bisbita), Anthus spinoletta (Bisbita alpino), Carduelis cannabina (Pardillo común, llamada Colorín y Acanthis cannabina por el autor), Carduelis Chloris (Verderón común, llamado Chloris Chloris por el autor), Carduelis sp. (seguramente, el Jilguero, C.carduelis), Corvus corone (Corneja negra), Corvus frugilegus (Graja), Emberiza cia (Escribano montesino), Emberiza cirlus (Escribano soteño), Galerida sp. (Cogujada), Falco tinnunculus (Cernícalo vulgar), Fringilla coelebs (Pinzón vulgar), Fringilla montifringilla (Pinzón real), Melanocorypha calandra (Calandria), Miliaria calandra (Triguero, llamada Emberiza calandra por el autor), Motacilla alba (Lavandera blanca), Parus major (Carbonero común, también conocido como Chapin), Passer montanus (Gorrión molinero), Perdiz (Alectoris sp. o Perdix sp.), Petronia petronia (Gorrión chillón, también llamada Jiria), Phylloscopus collybita (Mosquitero común), Pica pica (Urraca, llamada "marica" y "picarza" por el autor), Picus viridis (Pito real), Pluvialis apricaria (Chorlito Dorado Europeo, llamado Charadrius apricarius por el autor), Serinus serinus (Verdecillo), Sturnus unicolor (Estornino negro), Turdus merula (Mirlo común), Turdus pilaris (Zorzal real) y Vanellus vanellus (Avefría europea).Field trip from El Habanero to Zaratán (Valladolid), going by the valley that ends at La Flecha and coming back by the Caño Morante, during the morning of the 17th of January fo 1953, in which census of the present birds species were carried out by habitats. Thus, the following birds were observed: Alauda arvensis (Eurasian Skylark), Anthus sp. (Pipit), Anthus spinoletta (Water Pipit), Carduelis cannabina (Eurasian Linnet, refered as Acanthis cannabina by the author), Carduelis Chloris (European Greenfinch, refered as Chloris Chloris by the author), Carduelis sp. (probably, the European Goldfinch, C.carduelis), Corvus corone (Carrion Crow), Corvus frugilegus (Rook), Emberiza cia (Rock Bunting), Emberiza cirlus (Cirl Bunting), Falco tinnunculus (Common Kestrel), Fringilla coelebs (Chaffinch), Fringilla montifringilla (Brambling), Galerida sp. (Lark), Melanocorypha calandra (Calandria Lark), Miliaria calandra (Corn Bunting, refered as Emberiza calandra by the author), Motacilla alba (White Wagtail), Partridge (Alectoris sp. or Perdix sp.), Parus major (Great Tit), Passer montanus (Eurasian Tree Sparrow), Petronia petronia (Rock Sparrow), Phylloscopus collybita (Common Chiffchaff), Pica pica (Black-billed Magpie), Picus viridis (Eurasian Green Woodpecker), Pluvialis apricaria (Eurasian Golden Plover, refered as Charadrius apricarius by the author), Serinus serinus (European Serin), Sturnus unicolor (Spotless Starling), Skylark (probably, the Eurasian Skylark, Alauda arvensis), Turdus merula (Eurasian Blackbird), Turdus pilaris (Fieldfare) and Vanellus vanellus (Northern Lapwing)
Natalia T Kravtsova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Two new syringophilid mites from the Greenfinch Carduelis Chloris (Passeriformes: Fringillidae) from Kirghizia
2015Co-Authors: Andre V Bochkov, Serge V Mironov, Natalia T KravtsovaAbstract:ABSTRACT. Two new syringophilid mites, Picobia Chloris sp. n. and Syringo-philopsis kirgizorum, are described from Carduelis Chloris (Passeriformes: Fringillidae) from Kirghizia
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Two new syringophilid mites from the Greenfinch Carduelis Chloris (Passeriformes: Fringillidae) from Kirghizia
2015Co-Authors: Andre V Bochkov, Serge V Mironov, Natalia T KravtsovaAbstract:ABSTRACT. Two new syringophilid mites, Picobia Chloris sp. n. and Syringo-philopsis kirgizorum, arc described from Carduelis Chloris (Passeriformes: Fringillidae) from Kirghizia
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two new syringophilid mites from the greenfinch carduelis Chloris passeriformes fringillidae from kirghizia acari syringophilidae
Genus. International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy, 2000Co-Authors: Andre V Bochkov, Serge V Mironov, Natalia T KravtsovaAbstract:Two new syringophilid mites, Picobia Chloris sp. n. and Syringo- philopsis kirgizorum, arc described from Carduelis Chloris (Passeriformes: Fringillidae) from Kirghizia.
David F. Bocian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Substituents on Synthetic Analogs of Chlorophylls. Part 4: How Formyl Group Location Dictates the Spectral Properties of Chlorophylls b, d and f
Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2015Co-Authors: Jonathan M. Yuen, Jonathan S Lindsey, Michelle A. Harris, Mengran Liu, James R. Diers, Christine Kirmaier, David F. Bocian, Dewey HoltenAbstract:Photosynthetic organisms are adapted to light characteristics in their habitat in part via the spectral characteristics of the associated chlorophyll pigments, which differ in the position of a formyl group around the chlorin macrocycle (chlorophylls b, d, f) or no formyl group (chlorophyll a). To probe the origin of this spectral tuning, the photophysical and electronic structural properties of a new set of synthetic chlorins are reported. The zinc and free base chlorins have a formyl group at either the 2- or 3-position. The four compounds have fluorescence yields in the range 0.19-0.28 and singlet excited-state lifetimes of ca 4 ns for zinc chelates and ca 8 ns for the free base forms. The photophysical properties of the 2- and 3-formyl zinc chlorins are similar to those observed previously for 13-formyl or 3,13-diformyl chlorins, but differ markedly from those for 7-formyl analogs. Molecular-orbital characteristics obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used as input to spectral simulations employing the four-orbital model. The analysis has uncovered the key changes in electronic structure engendered by the presence/location of a formyl group at various macrocycle positions, which is relevant to understanding the distinct spectral properties of the natural chlorophylls a, b, d and f.
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structural characteristics that make chlorophylls green interplay of hydrocarbon skeleton and substituents
New Journal of Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Olga Mass, Marcin Ptaszek, James R. Diers, David F. Bocian, Dewey Holten, Masahiko Taniguchi, Joseph W Springer, Kaitlyn M Faries, Jonathan S LindseyAbstract:Understanding the effects of substituents on natural photosynthetic pigments is essential for gaining a deep understanding of why such pigments were selected over the course of evolution for use in photosynthetic systems. This knowledge should provide for a more thoughtful design of artificial light-harvesting systems. The hydrocarbon skeleton of all chlorophylls is phorbine, which contains an annulated five-membered (isocyclic) ring in addition to the reduced pyrrole ring characteristic of chlorins. A phorbine and a 131-oxophorbine (which bears an oxo group in the isocyclic ring) were synthesized as benchmark molecules for fundamental spectral and photophysical studies. The phorbine and 131-oxophorbine macrocycles lack peripheral substituents other than a geminal dimethyl group in the reduced ring to stabilize the chlorin chromophore. The spectral properties and electronic structure of the zinc or free base 131-oxophorbine closely resemble those of the corresponding analogues of chlorophyll a. Accordingly, the fundamental electronic properties of chlorophylls are primarily a consequence of the 131-oxophorbine base macrocycle.
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effects of substituents on synthetic analogs of chlorophylls part 1 synthesis vibrational properties and excited state decay characteristics
Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2007Co-Authors: Hooi Ling Kee, C Muthiah, Marcin Ptaszek, Jonathan S Lindsey, James R. Diers, Christine Kirmaier, Qun Tang, Masahiko Taniguchi, Joydev K Laha, David F. BocianAbstract:Understanding the effects of substituents on the spectra of chlorins is essential for a wide variety of applications. Recent developments in synthetic methodology have made possible systematic studies of the properties of the chlorin macrocycle as a function of diverse types and patterns of substituents. In this paper, the spectral, vibrational and excited-state decay characteristics are examined for a set of synthetic chlorins. The chlorins bear substituents at the 5,10,15 (meso) positions or the 3,13 (beta) positions (plus 10-mesityl in a series of compounds) and include 24 zinc chlorins, 18 free base (Fb) analogs and one Fb or zinc oxophorbine. The oxophorbine contains the keto-bearing isocyclic ring present in the natural photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll a). The substituents cause no significant perturbation to the structure of the chlorin macrocycle, as evidenced by the vibrational properties investigated using resonance Raman spectroscopy. In contrast, the fluorescence properties are significantly altered due to the electronic effects of substituents. For example, the fluorescence wavelength maximum, quantum yield and lifetime for a zinc chlorin bearing 3,13-diacetyl and 10-mesityl groups (662 nm, 0.28, 6.0 ns) differ substantially from those of the parent unsubstituted chlorin (602 nm, 0.062, 1.7 ns). Each of these properties of the lowest singlet excited state can be progressively stepped between these two extremes by incorporating different substituents. These perturbations are associated with significant changes in the rate constants of the decay pathways of the lowest excited singlet state. In this regard, the zinc chlorins with the red-most fluorescence also have the greatest radiative decay rate constant and are expected to have the fastest nonradiative internal conversion to the ground state. Nonetheless, these complexes have the longest singlet excited-state lifetime. The Fb chlorins bearing the same substituents exhibit similar fluorescence properties. Such combinations of factors render the chlorins suitable for a range of applications that require tunable coverage of the solar spectrum, long-lived excited states and red-region fluorescence.
Jonathan S Lindsey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Substituents on Synthetic Analogs of Chlorophylls. Part 4: How Formyl Group Location Dictates the Spectral Properties of Chlorophylls b, d and f
Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2015Co-Authors: Jonathan M. Yuen, Jonathan S Lindsey, Michelle A. Harris, Mengran Liu, James R. Diers, Christine Kirmaier, David F. Bocian, Dewey HoltenAbstract:Photosynthetic organisms are adapted to light characteristics in their habitat in part via the spectral characteristics of the associated chlorophyll pigments, which differ in the position of a formyl group around the chlorin macrocycle (chlorophylls b, d, f) or no formyl group (chlorophyll a). To probe the origin of this spectral tuning, the photophysical and electronic structural properties of a new set of synthetic chlorins are reported. The zinc and free base chlorins have a formyl group at either the 2- or 3-position. The four compounds have fluorescence yields in the range 0.19-0.28 and singlet excited-state lifetimes of ca 4 ns for zinc chelates and ca 8 ns for the free base forms. The photophysical properties of the 2- and 3-formyl zinc chlorins are similar to those observed previously for 13-formyl or 3,13-diformyl chlorins, but differ markedly from those for 7-formyl analogs. Molecular-orbital characteristics obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used as input to spectral simulations employing the four-orbital model. The analysis has uncovered the key changes in electronic structure engendered by the presence/location of a formyl group at various macrocycle positions, which is relevant to understanding the distinct spectral properties of the natural chlorophylls a, b, d and f.
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structural characteristics that make chlorophylls green interplay of hydrocarbon skeleton and substituents
New Journal of Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Olga Mass, Marcin Ptaszek, James R. Diers, David F. Bocian, Dewey Holten, Masahiko Taniguchi, Joseph W Springer, Kaitlyn M Faries, Jonathan S LindseyAbstract:Understanding the effects of substituents on natural photosynthetic pigments is essential for gaining a deep understanding of why such pigments were selected over the course of evolution for use in photosynthetic systems. This knowledge should provide for a more thoughtful design of artificial light-harvesting systems. The hydrocarbon skeleton of all chlorophylls is phorbine, which contains an annulated five-membered (isocyclic) ring in addition to the reduced pyrrole ring characteristic of chlorins. A phorbine and a 131-oxophorbine (which bears an oxo group in the isocyclic ring) were synthesized as benchmark molecules for fundamental spectral and photophysical studies. The phorbine and 131-oxophorbine macrocycles lack peripheral substituents other than a geminal dimethyl group in the reduced ring to stabilize the chlorin chromophore. The spectral properties and electronic structure of the zinc or free base 131-oxophorbine closely resemble those of the corresponding analogues of chlorophyll a. Accordingly, the fundamental electronic properties of chlorophylls are primarily a consequence of the 131-oxophorbine base macrocycle.
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De Novo Synthesis of Long-Wavelength Absorbing Chlorin-13,15-dicarboximides
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Marcin Ptaszek, Michael Krayer, Dorothee Lahaye, C Muthiah, Jonathan S LindseyAbstract:Chlorins bearing a six-membered imide ring spanning positions 13−15, commonly referred to as purpurinimides, exhibit long-wavelength absorption yet have heretofore only been available via semisynthesis from naturally occurring chlorophylls. A concise route to synthetic chlorins, which bear a geminal dimethyl group in the pyrroline ring, has been extended to provide access to chlorin-13,15-dicarboximides. The new route entails (i) synthesis of a 13-bromochlorin, (ii) palladium-catalyzed carbamoylation at the 13-position, (iii) regioselective 15-bromination under acidic conditions, and (iv) one-flask palladium-mediated carbonylation and ring closure to form the imide. In some cases the ring closure reaction afforded the isomeric (and readily separable) chlorin−isoimide in addition to the chlorin−imide. The resulting chlorin−imides and chlorin−isoimides exhibit long-wavelength absorption (679−715 nm) and emission (683−720 nm) in the far-red and near-infrared spectral region. The absorption of the chlorin−(is...
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effects of substituents on synthetic analogs of chlorophylls part 1 synthesis vibrational properties and excited state decay characteristics
Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2007Co-Authors: Hooi Ling Kee, C Muthiah, Marcin Ptaszek, Jonathan S Lindsey, James R. Diers, Christine Kirmaier, Qun Tang, Masahiko Taniguchi, Joydev K Laha, David F. BocianAbstract:Understanding the effects of substituents on the spectra of chlorins is essential for a wide variety of applications. Recent developments in synthetic methodology have made possible systematic studies of the properties of the chlorin macrocycle as a function of diverse types and patterns of substituents. In this paper, the spectral, vibrational and excited-state decay characteristics are examined for a set of synthetic chlorins. The chlorins bear substituents at the 5,10,15 (meso) positions or the 3,13 (beta) positions (plus 10-mesityl in a series of compounds) and include 24 zinc chlorins, 18 free base (Fb) analogs and one Fb or zinc oxophorbine. The oxophorbine contains the keto-bearing isocyclic ring present in the natural photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll a). The substituents cause no significant perturbation to the structure of the chlorin macrocycle, as evidenced by the vibrational properties investigated using resonance Raman spectroscopy. In contrast, the fluorescence properties are significantly altered due to the electronic effects of substituents. For example, the fluorescence wavelength maximum, quantum yield and lifetime for a zinc chlorin bearing 3,13-diacetyl and 10-mesityl groups (662 nm, 0.28, 6.0 ns) differ substantially from those of the parent unsubstituted chlorin (602 nm, 0.062, 1.7 ns). Each of these properties of the lowest singlet excited state can be progressively stepped between these two extremes by incorporating different substituents. These perturbations are associated with significant changes in the rate constants of the decay pathways of the lowest excited singlet state. In this regard, the zinc chlorins with the red-most fluorescence also have the greatest radiative decay rate constant and are expected to have the fastest nonradiative internal conversion to the ground state. Nonetheless, these complexes have the longest singlet excited-state lifetime. The Fb chlorins bearing the same substituents exhibit similar fluorescence properties. Such combinations of factors render the chlorins suitable for a range of applications that require tunable coverage of the solar spectrum, long-lived excited states and red-region fluorescence.
Valverde Gómez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Salida de campo a la Cuesta de la Maruquesa y Mucientes (Valladolid) el 22 de febrero de 1953
2009Co-Authors: Valverde Gómez, José AntonioAbstract:Salidas de campo simultáneas del autor a la Cuesta de la Maruquesa, en Valladolid capital, y de un colaborador anónimo a Mucientes (Valladolid), el 22 de febrero de 1953, de la que se anotaron observaciones sobre las siguientes aves: Alauda arvensis (Alondra común), Anthus pratensis (Bisbita común), Carduelis Chloris (Verderón común, llamado Chloris Chloris por el autor), Fringilla coelebs (Pinzón vulgar), Fringilla montifringilla (Pinzón real), Phylloscopus collybita (Mosquitero común) y Serinus serinus (Verdecillo).Simoultaneous field trips of the author to the Cuesta de la Maruquesa, in the city of Valladolid, and of an anonymous contributor to Mucientes (Valladolid), the 22nd of February of 1953, of which there were noted observations about the following birds: Alauda arvensis (Eurasian Skylark), Anthus pratensis (Meadow Pipit), Carduelis Chloris (European Greenfinch, refered as Chloris Chloris by the author), Fringilla coelebs (Chaffinch), Fringilla montifringilla (Brambling), Phylloscopus collybita (Common Chiffchaff) and Serinus serinus (European Serin)
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Salida de campo a Zaratán (Valladolid), probablemente el 7 de enero de 1953
2009Co-Authors: Valverde Gómez, José AntonioAbstract:Salida de campo a Zaratán (Valladolid), probablemente el 7 de enero de 1953, de la que se anotaron observaciones sobre Lepus sp. (Liebre) y las siguientes aves: Alondra (probablemente, Alauda arvensis, la Alondra común), Athene noctua (Mochuelo europeo), Buteo buteo (Busardo ratonero, también llamado Águila ratera), Carduelis cannabina (Pardillo común, llamada Colorín y Acanthis cannabina por el autor), Carduelis Chloris (Verderón común, llamado Chloris Chloris por el autor), Carduelis sp. (seguramente, el Jilguero, C.carduelis), Columba domestica (Paloma doméstica), Corvus corone (Corneja negra), Corvus frugilegus (Graja), Emberiza cirlus (Escribano soteño), Falco tinnunculus (Cernícalo vulgar), Fringilla montifringilla (Pinzón real), Fringilla sp. (Pinzón), Galerida sp. (Cogujada), Melanocorypha calandra (Calandria), Motacilla alba (Lavandera blanca), Perdiz (Alectoris sp. o Perdix sp.), Phoenicurus ochruros (Colirrojo tizón), Pica pica (Urraca, llamada "marica" y "picarza" por el autor), Serinus serinus (Verdecillo), Sturnus sp. (Estornino) y Vanellus vanellus (Avefría europea).Field trip to Zaratán (Valladolid), possibly the 7th of January of 1953, of which there were noted observations about Lepus sp. (Hare) and the following birds: Athene noctua (Little Owl), Buteo buteo (Common Buzzard), Carduelis cannabina (Eurasian Linnet, refered as Acanthis cannabina by the author), Carduelis Chloris (European Greenfinch, refered as Chloris Chloris by the author), Carduelis sp. (probably, the European Goldfinch, C.carduelis), Columba domestica (Domestic Pigeon), Corvus corone (Carrion Crow), Corvus frugilegus (Rook), Emberiza cirlus (Cirl Bunting), Falco tinnunculus (Common Kestrel), Fringilla montifringilla (Brambling), Fringilla sp. (Chaffinch), Galerida sp. (Lark), Melanocorypha calandra (Calandria Lark), Motacilla alba (White Wagtail), Partridge (Alectoris sp. or Perdix sp.), Phoenicurus ochruros (Black Redstart), Pica pica (Black-billed Magpie), Serinus serinus (European Serin), Sturnus sp. (Starling), Skylark (possibly, Alauda arvensis, the Eurasian Skylark) and Vanellus vanellus (Northern Lapwing)
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Salida de campo a Tudela de Duero (Valladolid) el 21 de noviembre de 1954
2009Co-Authors: Valverde Gómez, José AntonioAbstract:Salida de campo a Tudela de Duero (Valladolid), el 21 de noviembre de 1954, de la que se anotaron observaciones sobre el mamífero Lepus sp. (Liebre), y las siguientes aves: Accipiter nisus (Gavilán común, también llamado Astur palumbarius por el autor), Buteo buteo (Busardo ratonero, también llamado Águila ratera), Carduelis cannabina (Pardillo común, llamada Colorín y Acanthis cannabina por el autor), Burhinus oedicnemus (Alcaraván común), Buteo buteo (Busardo ratonero, también llamado Águila ratera), Carduelis Chloris (Verderón común, llamado Chloris Chloris por el autor), Carduelis sp. (probablemente, el Jilguero, C.carduelis), Circus aeruginosus (Aguilucho lagunero occidental), Columba oenas (Paloma zurita), Columba palumbus (Paloma torcaz), Corvus frugilegus (Graja), Corvus monedula (Grajilla, llamada Coloeus por el autor), Emberiza cia (Escribano montesino), Falco subbuteo (Alcotán), Falco tinnunculus (Cernícalo vulgar), Fringilla coelebs (Pinzón vulgar), Fringilla montifringilla (Pinzón real), Gyps fulvus (Buitre leonado), Lullula arborea (Totovía), Perdiz (Alectoris sp. o Perdix sp.), Petronia petronia (Gorrión chillón, también llamada Jiria), Saxicola torquata (Tarabilla común), Sylvia undata (Curruca rabilarga), Tetrax tetrax (Sisón común, llamado Otis tetrax por el autor), Turdus ericetorum (considerado actualmente Turdus philomelos, el Zorzal común) y Turdus iliacus (Zorzal alirrojo, llamado Malvís por el autor).Field trip to Tudela de Duero (Valladolid), the 21st of November of 1954, of which there were noted observations about the mammal Lepus sp. (Hare), and the following birds: Accipiter nisus (Eurasian Sparrowhawk, also refered as Astur palumbarius by the author), Burhinus oedicnemus (Eurasian Thick-Knee), Buteo buteo (Common Buzzard), Carduelis cannabina (Eurasian Linnet, refered as Acanthis cannabina by the author), Carduelis Chloris (European Greenfinch, refered as Chloris Chloris by the author), Carduelis sp. (possibly, the European Goldfinch, C.carduelis), Circus aeruginosus (Western Marsh-Harrier), Columba oenas (Stock Pigeon), Columba palumbus (Common Wood-pigeon), Corvus frugilegus (Rook), Corvus monedula (Eurasian Jackdaw, refered as Coloeus by the author), Emberiza cia (Rock Bunting), Falco subbuteo (Eurasian Hobby), Falco tinnunculus (Common Kestrel), Fringilla coelebs (Chaffinch), Fringilla montifringilla (Brambling), Gyps fulvus (Eurasian Griffon), Lullula arborea (Wood Lark), Partridge (Alectoris sp. or Perdix sp.), Petronia petronia (Rock Sparrow), Saxicola torquata (African Stonechat), Sylvia undata (Dartford Warbler), Tetrax tetrax (Little Bustard, refered as Otis tetrax by the author), Turdus ericetorum (currently considered Turdus philomelos, the Song Thrush) and Turdus iliacus (Redwing)
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Salida de campo a la Cuesta de la Maruquesa (Valladolid) el 11 de enero de 1953 y estadísticas de taxiados
2009Co-Authors: Valverde Gómez, José AntonioAbstract:Salida de campo a la Cuesta de la Maruquesa, en Valladolid capital, el 11 de enero de 1953, de la que se anotaron observaciones sobre las siguientes aves: Alauda arvensis (Alondra común), Carduelis cannabina (Pardillo común, llamada Colorín y Acanthis cannabina por el autor), Carduelis Chloris (Verderón común, llamado Chloris Chloris por el autor), Carduelis sp. (probablemente, el Jilguero, C.carduelis), Carduelis spinus (Lúgano, llamado Acanthis spinus por el autor), Certhia sp. (Agateador, también conocido como Chapin), "Chorla" (probablemente se refiere a la Ganga ortega, Pterocles orientalis), Columba domestica (Paloma doméstica), Columba livia (Paloma bravía), Columba oenas (Paloma zurita), Corvus corone (Corneja negra), Emberiza cia (Escribano montesino), Emberiza cirlus (Escribano soteño), Falco columbarius (Esmerejón, llamado F.aesalon por el autor), Fringilla coelebs (Pinzón vulgar), Fringilla montifringilla (Pinzón real), Lophophanes cristatus (Herrerillo capuchino, llamado Parus cristarus por el autor), Melanocorypha calandra (Calandria), Motacilla alba (Lavandera blanca), Parus major (Carbonero común, también conocido como Chapin), Passer montanus (Gorrión molinero), Perdiz (Alectoris sp. o Perdix sp.), Pica pica (Urraca, llamada "marica" y "picarza" por el autor), Picus viridis (Pito real), Serinus serinus (Verdecillo), Turdus merula (Mirlo común) y Turdus pilaris (Zorzal real).Field trip to the Cuesta de la Maruquesa, in the city of Valladolid, the 11th of January of 1953, of which there were noted observations about the following birds: Alauda arvensis (Eurasian Skylark), Carduelis cannabina (Eurasian Linnet, refered as Acanthis cannabina by the author), Carduelis Chloris (European Greenfinch, refered as Chloris Chloris by the author), Carduelis sp. (possibly, the European Goldfinch, C.carduelis), Carduelis spinus (Eurasian Siskin, referres as acanthis spinus by the author), Certhia sp. (Tree-creeper), "Chorla" (possibly, the Black-bellied Sandgrouse, Pterocles orientalis), Columba livia (Rock Pigeon), Columba oenas (Stock Pigeon), Columba palumbus (Common Wood-pigeon), Corvus corone (Carrion Crow), Emberiza cia (Rock Bunting), Emberiza cirlus (Cirl Bunting), Falco columbarius (Merlin, refered as F.aesalon by the author), Fringilla coelebs (Chaffinch), Fringilla montifringilla (Brambling), Lophophanes cristatus (Crested Tit, refered as, Parus cristatus by the author), Melanocorypha calandra (Calandria Lark), Motacilla alba (White Wagtail), Partridge (Alectoris sp. or Perdix sp.), Parus major (Great Tit), Passer montanus (Eurasian Tree Sparrow), Pica pica (Black-billed Magpie), Picus viridis (Eurasian Green Woodpecker), Serinus serinus (European Serin), Turdus merula (Eurasian Blackbird) and Turdus pilaris (Fieldfare)
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Salida de campo desde El Habanero a Zaratán (Valladolid) el 17 de enero de 1953
2009Co-Authors: Valverde Gómez, José AntonioAbstract:Salida de campo desde El Habanero a Zaratán (Valladolid), con ida por el valle que da a La Flecha y vuelta por Caño Morante, durante la mañana del 17 de enero de 1953, en la que se realizaron taxiados de las especies de aves presentes por hábitats. Así, se observaron las siguientes aves: Alauda arvensis (Alondra común), Alontra (seguramente, la Alondra común, Alauda arvensis), Anthus sp. (Bisbita), Anthus spinoletta (Bisbita alpino), Carduelis cannabina (Pardillo común, llamada Colorín y Acanthis cannabina por el autor), Carduelis Chloris (Verderón común, llamado Chloris Chloris por el autor), Carduelis sp. (seguramente, el Jilguero, C.carduelis), Corvus corone (Corneja negra), Corvus frugilegus (Graja), Emberiza cia (Escribano montesino), Emberiza cirlus (Escribano soteño), Galerida sp. (Cogujada), Falco tinnunculus (Cernícalo vulgar), Fringilla coelebs (Pinzón vulgar), Fringilla montifringilla (Pinzón real), Melanocorypha calandra (Calandria), Miliaria calandra (Triguero, llamada Emberiza calandra por el autor), Motacilla alba (Lavandera blanca), Parus major (Carbonero común, también conocido como Chapin), Passer montanus (Gorrión molinero), Perdiz (Alectoris sp. o Perdix sp.), Petronia petronia (Gorrión chillón, también llamada Jiria), Phylloscopus collybita (Mosquitero común), Pica pica (Urraca, llamada "marica" y "picarza" por el autor), Picus viridis (Pito real), Pluvialis apricaria (Chorlito Dorado Europeo, llamado Charadrius apricarius por el autor), Serinus serinus (Verdecillo), Sturnus unicolor (Estornino negro), Turdus merula (Mirlo común), Turdus pilaris (Zorzal real) y Vanellus vanellus (Avefría europea).Field trip from El Habanero to Zaratán (Valladolid), going by the valley that ends at La Flecha and coming back by the Caño Morante, during the morning of the 17th of January fo 1953, in which census of the present birds species were carried out by habitats. Thus, the following birds were observed: Alauda arvensis (Eurasian Skylark), Anthus sp. (Pipit), Anthus spinoletta (Water Pipit), Carduelis cannabina (Eurasian Linnet, refered as Acanthis cannabina by the author), Carduelis Chloris (European Greenfinch, refered as Chloris Chloris by the author), Carduelis sp. (probably, the European Goldfinch, C.carduelis), Corvus corone (Carrion Crow), Corvus frugilegus (Rook), Emberiza cia (Rock Bunting), Emberiza cirlus (Cirl Bunting), Falco tinnunculus (Common Kestrel), Fringilla coelebs (Chaffinch), Fringilla montifringilla (Brambling), Galerida sp. (Lark), Melanocorypha calandra (Calandria Lark), Miliaria calandra (Corn Bunting, refered as Emberiza calandra by the author), Motacilla alba (White Wagtail), Partridge (Alectoris sp. or Perdix sp.), Parus major (Great Tit), Passer montanus (Eurasian Tree Sparrow), Petronia petronia (Rock Sparrow), Phylloscopus collybita (Common Chiffchaff), Pica pica (Black-billed Magpie), Picus viridis (Eurasian Green Woodpecker), Pluvialis apricaria (Eurasian Golden Plover, refered as Charadrius apricarius by the author), Serinus serinus (European Serin), Sturnus unicolor (Spotless Starling), Skylark (probably, the Eurasian Skylark, Alauda arvensis), Turdus merula (Eurasian Blackbird), Turdus pilaris (Fieldfare) and Vanellus vanellus (Northern Lapwing)
