Passeriformes

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Salvador Milla Alfredo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Lavandera cascadeña – Motacilla cinerea Tunstall, 1771
    Carrascal Luis M., 2016
    Co-Authors: Palomino David, Salvador Milla Alfredo, Carrascal, Luis M.
    Abstract:

    Aves - Orden Passeriformes - Familia Motacillidae en la Enciclopedia Virtual de Vertebrados Españoles, http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/. Versiones anteriores: 1-08-2003; 9-03-2007; 18-03-2008; 23-10-2012A comprehensive review of the natural history of the Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea in Spain.Peer reviewe

  • Lavandera boyera – Motacilla flava Linnaeus, 1758
    Carrascal Luis M., 2016
    Co-Authors: Palomino David, Salvador Milla Alfredo, Carrascal, Luis M.
    Abstract:

    Aves - Orden Passeriformes - Familia Motacillidae en la Enciclopedia Virtual de Vertebrados Españoles, http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/. Versiones anteriores: 12-1-2004; 28-01-2005; 27-06-2005; 14-02-2012A comprehensive review of the natural history of the Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava in Spain.Peer reviewe

  • Graja – Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus, 1758
    CSIC - Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), 2016
    Co-Authors: Purroy Javier, Purroy, Francisco José, Salvador Milla Alfredo
    Abstract:

    Aves - Orden Passeriformes - Familia Corvidae en la Enciclopedia Virtual de Vertebrados Españoles, http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/. Versiones anteriores: 18-12-2013A comprehensive review of the natural history of the Rook Corvus frugilegus in Spain.Peer reviewe

  • Grajilla – Corvus monedula Linnaeus, 1758
    CSIC - Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), 2016
    Co-Authors: Soler Manuel, Salvador Milla Alfredo
    Abstract:

    Aves - Orden Passeriformes - Familia Corvidae en la Enciclopedia Virtual de Vertebrados Españoles, http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/. Versiones anteriores: 20-09-2006; 25-07-2012; 4-12-2014A comprehensive review of the natural history of the Eurasian Jackdaw Corvus monedula in Spain.Peer reviewe

  • Urraca – Pica pica Linnaeus, 1758
    Carrascal Luis M., 2016
    Co-Authors: Martínez, Juan Gabriel, Salvador Milla Alfredo
    Abstract:

    Aves - Orden Passeriformes - Familia Corvidae en la Enciclopedia Virtual de Vertebrados Españoles, http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/. Versiones anteriores: 31-05-2005; 9-03-2007; 11-03-2008; 16-09-2011A comprehensive review of the natural history of the Magpie Pica pica in Spain.Peer reviewe

Gerald Mayr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • oldest finch beaked birds reveal parallel ecological radiations in the earliest evolution of passerines
    Current Biology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Daniel T Ksepka, Lance Grande, Gerald Mayr
    Abstract:

    Summary Beak shape plays a key role in avian radiations and is one of the most intensely studied aspects of avian evolution and ecology [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Perhaps no other group is more closely associated with the study of beak shape than Passeriformes (passerines or perching birds), the most species-rich ordinal clade of modern birds. However, despite their extraordinary present-day diversity, our understanding of early passerine evolution has been hindered by their sparse fossil record [ 5 , 6 ]. Here, we describe two new species of early Eocene stem passerines from the Green River Formation of the United States and the Messel Formation of Germany. These species are the oldest fossil birds to exhibit a finch-like beak and provide the earliest evidence for a diet focused on small, hard seeds in crown birds. Given that granivory is a key adaptation that allows passerines to exploit open temperate environments, it is notable that both species occurred in subtropical environments [ 7 , 8 ]. Phylogenetic analyses place both species within the Psittacopedidae, an extinct Eocene clade of zygodactyl stem passeriforms that also includes the slender-beaked nectarivorous Pumiliornis, the short-beaked Psittacopes, and the thrush-beaked Morsoravis. Our results reveal that stem passerines attained a diversity of beak shapes paralleling many of the morphotypes present in extant passerine finches, thrushes, and sunbirds, more than 35 million years before these morphotypes arose in the crown group. Extinction of these ecologically diverse fossil taxa may be linked to more sophisticated nest construction in anisodactyl crown passerines versus cavity-nesting in Eocene zygodactyl stem passerines [ 9 ].

  • new species of primozygodactylus from messel and the ecomorphology and evolutionary significance of early eocene zygodactylid birds aves zygodactylidae
    Historical Biology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Gerald Mayr
    Abstract:

    AbstractZygodactylids (Zygodactylidae) are the extinct sister taxon of passerines (Passeriformes) and among the more abundant small arboreal birds in the early Eocene German fossil site Messel. Four species of the taxon Primozygodactylus have previously been identified and here two new species are described. In addition, new fossils of the poorly known P. eunjooae are reported. The fossils corroborate the presence of two very long central tail feathers for Primozygodactylus, and the feathering of the taxon corresponds with that of extant birds foraging in scrub and undergrowth. Species diversity of zygodactylids falls short of that of passerines, the most species-rich extant avian clade, and in bill shapes they also do not reach the diversity seen in extant Passeriformes. Because zygodactylids closely resemble passerines in skeletal morphology, the evolutionary success of passerines is unlikely to be due to particular skeletal features. Passerines and zygodactylids coexisted in Europe from the early Oligo...

  • A reassessment of Eocene parrotlike fossils indicates a previously undetected radiation of zygodactyl stem group representatives of passerines (Passeriformes)
    Zoologica Scripta, 2015
    Co-Authors: Gerald Mayr
    Abstract:

    In the past years, various Eocene fossil birds were described as stem group representatives of the zygodactyl Psittaciformes (parrots). These birds show quite disparate morphologies, which cast some doubt on the correct assignment of all of them to the psittaciform stem group. A reassessment of their affinities is further needed, because it was recently proposed that among extant birds, Psittaciformes and Passeriformes (passerines) form a clade and that passerines possibly derived from a zygodactyl ancestor. Here, phylogenetic analyses are performed, which for the first time also include representatives of the Zygodactylidae, the extinct zygodactyl sister taxon of the Passeriformes. The early Eocene Psittacopes was originally described as a stem group representative of Psittaciformes. However, none of the present analyses supported psittaciform affinities for Psittacopes and instead recovered this taxon in a clade together with zygodactylids and passerines. Also part of this clade are the early Eocene taxa Pumiliornis and Morsoravis, and it is detailed that Psittacopes and the long-beaked and presumably nectarivorous Pumiliornis, with which it has not yet been compared, are very similar in their postcranial osteology. The present analysis corroborates the hypothesis of a zygodactyl stem species of passerines. To account for these results, Psittacopes is here assigned to a new higher-level taxon and a new name is also introduced for the clade including Zygodactylidae and Passeriformes.

  • the age of the crown group of passerine birds and its evolutionary significance molecular calibrations versus the fossil record
    Systematics and Biodiversity, 2013
    Co-Authors: Gerald Mayr
    Abstract:

    Based on calibrations of molecular phylogenies and biogeographic considerations, it has been argued that the basal divergences of crown group Passeriformes occurred in the late Cretaceous, following the break-up of eastern Gondwana. Some implications of this hypothesis have, however, not yet been adequately addressed. In particular, a Cretaceous divergence of crown group passerines would imply an unprecedented evolutionary stasis for more than 80 million years in one of the most species-rich group of endothermic vertebrates. The temporal distribution and phylogenetic affinities of northern hemispheric fossils further conflicts with current hypotheses on the historical biogeography of passerines, and is in better concordance with a Cenozoic divergence of crown group Passeriformes.

  • The phylogenetic relationships of the early Tertiary Primoscenidae and Sylphornithidae and the sister taxon of crown group piciform birds
    Journal of Ornithology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Gerald Mayr
    Abstract:

    The phylogenetic relationships of the early Tertiary Primoscenidae and Sylphornithidae are, for the first time, evaluated in a cladistic context. Both taxa include small arboreal birds with a permanently (Primoscenidae) or facultatively (Sylphornithidae) retroverted fourth toe. Primoscenidae were hitherto considered to be most closely related to either woodpeckers and allies (Piciformes) or to songbirds (Passeriformes), whereas the Sylphornithidae were classified into the roller-kingfisher-hornbill assemblage (“Coraciiformes”). Analysis of 56 morphological characters supports monophyly of a clade including Sylphornithidae and crown group Piciformes and results in sister group relationship between Passeriformes and a clade including Primoscenidae and the early Miocene Zygodactylidae. However, an analysis in which the search was constrained to trees supporting piciform affinities of the Primoscenidae resulted in trees that were only five steps longer than those from the primary analysis. The character evidence for each hypothesis is discussed. The systematic position of the Primoscenidae appears to be connected to the identity of the sister taxon of crown group Piciformes, as the primary search indicated Upupiformes (hoopoes and wood-hoopoes) and Bucerotiformes (hornbills) as sister taxa of Piciformes, whereas the constrained search resulted in sister group relationship between Coliiformes (mousebirds) and Piciformes. Songbirds do not show the slightest indication of a zygodactyl foot but in these birds the hindtoe is greatly elongated, an alternative strategy to increase the grasping capabilities of the foot. If Passeriformes are indeed the sister group of the clade (Primoscenidae + Zygodactylidae), these birds would be an example that, in closely related taxa, selection towards the same functional demands can result in entirely different morphological specializations.

Per G P Ericson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • dating the diversification of the major lineages of Passeriformes aves
    BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Per G P Ericson, Martin Irestedt, Seraina Klopfstein, Jacqueline M T Nguyen, Johan A A Nylander
    Abstract:

    The avian Order Passeriformes is an enormously species-rich group, which comprises almost 60% of all living bird species. This diverse order is believed to have originated before the break-up of Gondwana in the late Cretaceous. However, previous molecular dating studies have relied heavily on the geological split between New Zealand and Antarctica, assumed to have occurred 85–82 Mya, for calibrating the molecular clock and might thus be circular in their argument. This study provides a time-scale for the evolution of the major clades of passerines using seven nuclear markers, five taxonomically well-determined passerine fossils, and an updated interpretation of the New Zealand split from Antarctica 85–52 Mya in a Bayesian relaxed-clock approach. We also assess how different interpretations of the New Zealand–Antarctica vicariance event influence our age estimates. Our results suggest that the diversification of Passeriformes began in the late Cretaceous or early Cenozoic. Removing the root calibration for the New Zealand–Antarctica vicariance event (85–52 Mya) dramatically increases the 95% credibility intervals and leads to unrealistically old age estimates. We assess the individual characteristics of the seven nuclear genes analyzed in our study. Our analyses provide estimates of divergence times for the major groups of passerines, which can be used as secondary calibration points in future molecular studies. Our analysis takes recent paleontological and geological findings into account and provides the best estimate of the passerine evolutionary time-scale currently available. This time-scale provides a temporal framework for further biogeographical, ecological, and co-evolutionary studies of the largest bird radiation, and adds to the growing support for a Cretaceous origin of Passeriformes.

  • nuclear dna from old collections of avian study skins reveals the evolutionary history of the old world suboscines aves Passeriformes
    Zoologica Scripta, 2006
    Co-Authors: Martin Irestedt, Jan I Ohlson, Dario Zuccon, Mari Kallersjo, Per G P Ericson
    Abstract:

    Nuclear DNA from old collections of avian study skins reveals the evolutionary history of the Old World suboscines (Aves, Passeriformes)

Alfredo Salvador Milla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Natalia T Kravtsova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

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