The Experts below are selected from a list of 19992 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Marcelo Jacobslorena - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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plasmodium falciparum ookinetes require mosquito midgut Chondroitin Sulfate proteoglycans for cell invasion
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007Co-Authors: Rhoel R. Dinglasan, Toin H. Van Kuppevelt, Aditi Alaganan, Anil K Ghosh, Akio Saito, Marcelo JacobslorenaAbstract:Malaria transmission entails development of the Plasmodium parasite in its insect vector, the Anopheles mosquito. Parasite invasion of the mosquito midgut is the critical first step and involves adhesion to host epithelial cell ligands. Partial evidence suggests that midgut oligosaccharides are important ligands for parasite adhesion; however, the identity of these glycans remains unknown. We have identified a population of Chondroitin glycosaminoglycans along the apical midgut microvilli of Anopheles gambiae and further demonstrated ookinete recognition of these glycans in vitro. By repressing the expression of the peptide-O-xylosyltransferase homolog of An. gambiae by means of RNA interference, we blocked glycosaminoglycan chain biosynthesis, diminished Chondroitin Sulfate levels in the adult midgut, and substantially inhibited parasite development. We provide evidence for the in vivo role of Chondroitin Sulfate proteoglycans in Plasmodium falciparum invasion of the midgut and insight into the molecular mechanisms mediating parasite-mosquito interactions.
Daniel O Clegg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate
Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America, 2011Co-Authors: Karla L Miller, Daniel O CleggAbstract:Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate, components of normal cartilage that are marketed as dietary supplements in the United States, have been evaluated for their potential role in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Due to claims of efficacy, increased prevalence of osteoarthritis, and a lack of other effective therapies, there has been substantial interest in using these dietary supplements as therapeutic agents for osteoarthritis. Though pharmacokinetic and bioavailability data are limited, use of these supplements has been evaluated for management of osteoarthritis symptoms and modification of disease progression. Relevant clinical trial efficacy and safety data are reviewed and summarized.
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potential effects of Chondroitin Sulfate on joint swelling a gait report
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 2008Co-Authors: Marc C Hochberg, Daniel O CleggAbstract:The Glucosamine/Chondroitin Arthritis Intervention Trial (GAIT) was a randomized double-blind placebo and active comparator (celecoxib) controlled trial of 1583 persons with symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee(1). Patients randomized to celecoxib had significant improvement in knee pain compared to those randomized to placebo. No statistically significant improvement in knee pain compared to placebo was seen among patients randomized to the dietary supplements, although a subset of patients with moderate-to-severe knee pain at entry who were assigned to the combination of glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate did seem to experience some improvement. Additionally, patients taking Chondroitin Sulfate were noted to have a statistically significant improvement in knee joint swelling. An exploratory post hoc analysis of GAIT patients suggested the effect of Chondroitin Sulfate on joint swelling occurred more often in patients with milder pain and lower Kellgren-Lawrence Grade at entry.
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glucosamine Chondroitin Sulfate and the two in combination for painful knee osteoarthritis
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2006Co-Authors: Daniel O Clegg, Domenic J Reda, Crystal L Harris, Marguerite Klein, James R Odell, Michele Hooper, John D Bradley, Clifton O Bingham, Michael H Weisman, Christopher G JacksonAbstract:Background Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate are used to treat osteoarthritis. The multicenter, double-blind, placebo- and celecoxib-controlled Glucosamine/Chondroitin Arthritis Intervention Trial (GAIT) evaluated their efficacy and safety as a treatment for knee pain from osteoarthritis. Methods We randomly assigned 1583 patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis to receive 1500 mg of glucosamine daily, 1200 mg of Chondroitin Sulfate daily, both glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate, 200 mg of celecoxib daily, or placebo for 24 weeks. Up to 4000 mg of acetaminophen daily was allowed as rescue analgesia. Assignment was stratified according to the severity of knee pain (mild [N=1229] vs. moderate to severe [N=354]). The primary outcome measure was a 20 percent decrease in knee pain from baseline to week 24. Results The mean age of the patients was 59 years, and 64 percent were women. Overall, glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate were not significantly better than placebo in reducing knee pain by 20 perce...
Tomio Yabe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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heterogeneity of the Chondroitin Sulfate portion of phosphacan 6b4 proteoglycan regulates its binding affinity for pleiotrophin heparin binding growth associated molecule
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Nobuaki Maeda, Yuki Yajima, Tadahisa Mikami, Tomio YabeAbstract:Abstract PTPζ is a receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase that is synthesized as a Chondroitin Sulfate proteoglycan and uses pleiotrophin as a ligand. The Chondroitin Sulfate portion of this receptor is essential for high affinity binding to pleiotrophin. Here, we purified phosphacan, which corresponds to the extracellular domain of PTPζ, from postnatal day 7 (P7) and P12 rat cerebral cortex (PG-P7 and PG-P12, respectively) and from P20 rat whole brain (PG-P20). The Chondroitin Sulfate of these preparations displayed immunologically and compositionally different structures. In particular, only PG-P20 reacted with the monoclonal antibody MO-225, which recognizes Chondroitin Sulfate containing the GlcA(2S)β1–3GalNAc(6S) disaccharide unit (D unit). Analysis of the Chondroitinase digestion products revealed that GlcAβ1–3GalNAc(4S) disaccharide unit (A unit) was the major component in these preparations and that PG-P20 contained 1.3% D unit, which was not detected in PG-P7 and PG-P12. Interaction analysis using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor indicated that PG-P20 had ∼5-fold stronger affinity for pleiotrophin (dissociation constant (KD) = 0.14 nm) than PG-P7 and PG-P12, although all these preparations showed similar low affinity binding to pleiotrophin after Chondroitinase ABC digestion (KD = 1.4 ∼ 1.6 nm). We also found that shark cartilage Chondroitin Sulfate D containing ∼20% D unit bound to pleiotrophin with moderate affinity (KD = 2.7 nm), whereas whale cartilage Chondroitin Sulfate A showed no binding to this growth factor. These results suggest that variation of Chondroitin Sulfate plays important roles in the regulation of signal transduction in the brain.
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heterogeneity of the Chondroitin Sulfate portion of phosphacan 6b4 proteoglycan regulates its binding affinity for pleiotrophin heparin binding growth associated molecule
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Nobuaki Maeda, Yuki Yajima, Tadahisa Mikami, Tomio YabeAbstract:PTP zeta is a receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase that is synthesized as a Chondroitin Sulfate proteoglycan and uses pleiotrophin as a ligand. The Chondroitin Sulfate portion of this receptor is essential for high affinity binding to pleiotrophin. Here, we purified phosphacan, which corresponds to the extracellular domain of PTP zeta, from postnatal day 7 (P7) and P12 rat cerebral cortex (PG-P7 and PG-P12, respectively) and from P20 rat whole brain (PG-P20). The Chondroitin Sulfate of these preparations displayed immunologically and compositionally different structures. In particular, only PG-P20 reacted with the monoclonal antibody MO-225, which recognizes Chondroitin Sulfate containing the GlcA(2S)beta 1-3GalNAc(6S) disaccharide unit (D unit). Analysis of the Chondroitinase digestion products revealed that GlcA beta 1-3GalNAc(4S) disaccharide unit (A unit) was the major component in these preparations and that PG-P20 contained 1.3% D unit, which was not detected in PG-P7 and PG-P12. Interaction analysis using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor indicated that PG-P20 had approximately 5-fold stronger affinity for pleiotrophin (dissociation constant (KD) = 0.14 nM) than PG-P7 and PG-P12, although all these preparations showed similar low affinity binding to pleiotrophin after Chondroitinase ABC digestion (KD = 1.4 approximately 1.6 nM). We also found that shark cartilage Chondroitin Sulfate D containing approximately 20% D unit bound to pleiotrophin with moderate affinity (KD = 2.7 nM), whereas whale cartilage Chondroitin Sulfate A showed no binding to this growth factor. These results suggest that variation of Chondroitin Sulfate plays important roles in the regulation of signal transduction in the brain.
Rhoel R. Dinglasan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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plasmodium falciparum ookinetes require mosquito midgut Chondroitin Sulfate proteoglycans for cell invasion
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007Co-Authors: Rhoel R. Dinglasan, Toin H. Van Kuppevelt, Aditi Alaganan, Anil K Ghosh, Akio Saito, Marcelo JacobslorenaAbstract:Malaria transmission entails development of the Plasmodium parasite in its insect vector, the Anopheles mosquito. Parasite invasion of the mosquito midgut is the critical first step and involves adhesion to host epithelial cell ligands. Partial evidence suggests that midgut oligosaccharides are important ligands for parasite adhesion; however, the identity of these glycans remains unknown. We have identified a population of Chondroitin glycosaminoglycans along the apical midgut microvilli of Anopheles gambiae and further demonstrated ookinete recognition of these glycans in vitro. By repressing the expression of the peptide-O-xylosyltransferase homolog of An. gambiae by means of RNA interference, we blocked glycosaminoglycan chain biosynthesis, diminished Chondroitin Sulfate levels in the adult midgut, and substantially inhibited parasite development. We provide evidence for the in vivo role of Chondroitin Sulfate proteoglycans in Plasmodium falciparum invasion of the midgut and insight into the molecular mechanisms mediating parasite-mosquito interactions.
Tadahisa Mikami - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biosynthesis and function of Chondroitin Sulfate
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2013Co-Authors: Tadahisa Mikami, Hiroshi KitagawaAbstract:Abstract Background Chondroitin Sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are principal pericellular and extracellular components that form regulatory milieu involving numerous biological and pathophysiological phenomena. Diverse functions of CSPGs can be mainly attributed to structural variability of their polysaccharide moieties, Chondroitin Sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAG). Comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms for CS biosynthesis and its catabolic processes is required in order to understand those functions. Scope of review Here, we focus on recent advances in the study of enzymatic regulatory pathways for CS biosynthesis including successive modification/degradation, distinct CS functions, and disease phenotypes that have been revealed by perturbation of the respective enzymes in vitro and in vivo . Major conclusions Fine-tuned machineries for CS production/degradation are crucial for the functional expression of CS chains in developmental and pathophysiological processes. General significance Control of enzymes responsible for CS biosynthesis/catabolism is a potential target for therapeutic intervention for the CS-associated disorders.
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heterogeneity of the Chondroitin Sulfate portion of phosphacan 6b4 proteoglycan regulates its binding affinity for pleiotrophin heparin binding growth associated molecule
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Nobuaki Maeda, Yuki Yajima, Tadahisa Mikami, Tomio YabeAbstract:Abstract PTPζ is a receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase that is synthesized as a Chondroitin Sulfate proteoglycan and uses pleiotrophin as a ligand. The Chondroitin Sulfate portion of this receptor is essential for high affinity binding to pleiotrophin. Here, we purified phosphacan, which corresponds to the extracellular domain of PTPζ, from postnatal day 7 (P7) and P12 rat cerebral cortex (PG-P7 and PG-P12, respectively) and from P20 rat whole brain (PG-P20). The Chondroitin Sulfate of these preparations displayed immunologically and compositionally different structures. In particular, only PG-P20 reacted with the monoclonal antibody MO-225, which recognizes Chondroitin Sulfate containing the GlcA(2S)β1–3GalNAc(6S) disaccharide unit (D unit). Analysis of the Chondroitinase digestion products revealed that GlcAβ1–3GalNAc(4S) disaccharide unit (A unit) was the major component in these preparations and that PG-P20 contained 1.3% D unit, which was not detected in PG-P7 and PG-P12. Interaction analysis using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor indicated that PG-P20 had ∼5-fold stronger affinity for pleiotrophin (dissociation constant (KD) = 0.14 nm) than PG-P7 and PG-P12, although all these preparations showed similar low affinity binding to pleiotrophin after Chondroitinase ABC digestion (KD = 1.4 ∼ 1.6 nm). We also found that shark cartilage Chondroitin Sulfate D containing ∼20% D unit bound to pleiotrophin with moderate affinity (KD = 2.7 nm), whereas whale cartilage Chondroitin Sulfate A showed no binding to this growth factor. These results suggest that variation of Chondroitin Sulfate plays important roles in the regulation of signal transduction in the brain.
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heterogeneity of the Chondroitin Sulfate portion of phosphacan 6b4 proteoglycan regulates its binding affinity for pleiotrophin heparin binding growth associated molecule
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Nobuaki Maeda, Yuki Yajima, Tadahisa Mikami, Tomio YabeAbstract:PTP zeta is a receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase that is synthesized as a Chondroitin Sulfate proteoglycan and uses pleiotrophin as a ligand. The Chondroitin Sulfate portion of this receptor is essential for high affinity binding to pleiotrophin. Here, we purified phosphacan, which corresponds to the extracellular domain of PTP zeta, from postnatal day 7 (P7) and P12 rat cerebral cortex (PG-P7 and PG-P12, respectively) and from P20 rat whole brain (PG-P20). The Chondroitin Sulfate of these preparations displayed immunologically and compositionally different structures. In particular, only PG-P20 reacted with the monoclonal antibody MO-225, which recognizes Chondroitin Sulfate containing the GlcA(2S)beta 1-3GalNAc(6S) disaccharide unit (D unit). Analysis of the Chondroitinase digestion products revealed that GlcA beta 1-3GalNAc(4S) disaccharide unit (A unit) was the major component in these preparations and that PG-P20 contained 1.3% D unit, which was not detected in PG-P7 and PG-P12. Interaction analysis using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor indicated that PG-P20 had approximately 5-fold stronger affinity for pleiotrophin (dissociation constant (KD) = 0.14 nM) than PG-P7 and PG-P12, although all these preparations showed similar low affinity binding to pleiotrophin after Chondroitinase ABC digestion (KD = 1.4 approximately 1.6 nM). We also found that shark cartilage Chondroitin Sulfate D containing approximately 20% D unit bound to pleiotrophin with moderate affinity (KD = 2.7 nM), whereas whale cartilage Chondroitin Sulfate A showed no binding to this growth factor. These results suggest that variation of Chondroitin Sulfate plays important roles in the regulation of signal transduction in the brain.