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Ch V Rao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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presence of luteinizing hormone human Chorionic Gonadotropin receptors in male breast tissues
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2004Co-Authors: Harold E Carlson, Z M Lei, Philip Kane, Ch V RaoAbstract:Receptors for LH/human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) have been found in a variety of nongonadal tissues including the female breast. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated the presence of LH/hCG receptor mRNA and protein in normal male breast tissue obtained at autopsy (n = 4) and archival samples of benign gynecomastia (n = 14) and male breast carcinoma (n = 5). Although the function of these receptors remains to be determined, the findings suggest the possibility that LH and hCG may play a role in the pathogenesis of male breast disorders.
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functional luteinizing hormone Chorionic Gonadotropin receptors in human adrenal cortical h295r cells
Biology of Reproduction, 2004Co-Authors: Ch V Rao, X L Zhou, Z M LeiAbstract:Previous studies have suggested that activation of normal human adrenal and adrenal tumor luteinizing hormone (LH)/Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) receptors results in an increased secretion of steroid hormones. Since it is not feasible to test this suggestion on normal human adrenal cells, we used human adrenal cortical carcinoma H295R cells, which are similar in some respects to normal adrenal cortical cells. These cells contained LH/hCG receptor transcripts and receptor protein that can bind 125 I-hCG in a hormone-specific manner. Culturing the cells with highly purified hCG resulted in a time- and dose-dependent significant increase in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) secretion as compared with the controls. The DHEAS response was hormone as well as steroid specific. Since hCG treatment did not increase DHEA secretion, we suspected that the hCG might increase DHEA sulfotransferase (ST). Consistent with this possibility, hCG treatment increased steady-state DHEA-ST mRNA levels. The hCG effects require its receptors, as inhibition of their synthesis by treatment with antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) made from the LH/hCG receptor sequence resulted in loss of DHEA-ST and DHEAS responses. The findings that 1) hCG treatment increased cAMP levels and activated protein kinase A (PKA), 2) 8-bromo cAMP mimicked hCG, and 3) blocking PKA activation prevented hCG as well as 8-bromo cAMP from increasing both DHEA-ST mRNA and DHEAS levels suggested that cAMP/PKA signaling was involved in the hCG actions. In conclusion, H295R cells contain LH/hCG receptors, which are coupled to increasing DHEAS secretion through upregulating the ST enzyme mRNA level. This action is mediated by the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. These findings support the concept that adrenal function in normal and pathological conditions could be influenced by LH and hCG. adrenal, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, human Chorionic Gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone, steroid hormones
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human fetal nongonadal tissues contain human Chorionic Gonadotropin luteinizing hormone receptors
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2004Co-Authors: M A Abdallah, Z M Lei, Natalie Greenwold, Steven T Nakajima, Eric Jauniaux, Ch V RaoAbstract:Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone produced in abundance by placental syncytiotrophoblasts, is preferentially secreted into maternal circulation. Fetal circulation also contains low levels of hCG that are probably derived from fetal kidney, liver, anterior pituitary gland, etc. In addition, the fetus has access to hCG present in exocoelomic and amniotic fluids. hCG has been found in a number of fetal tissues known to stimulate fetal adrenal and testicular steroidogenesis and is also thought to play a role in growth and differentiation of fetal tissues. This led us to test the hypothesis that fetal nongonadal tissues, as in the adult, may also contain hCG/LH receptors. This hypothesis was tested by immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, in situ hybridization, and RT-PCR. The results demonstrate that kidney, liver, pancreas, lung, small and large intestines, and adrenals contained hCG/LH receptors. Although the role of fetal nongonadal hCG/LH receptors is not known, they may mediate the pleiotropic actions of hCG in the growing human fetus.
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human cervix contains functional luteinizing hormone human Chorionic Gonadotropin receptors
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2003Co-Authors: P C Lin, Z M Lei, Ch V RaoAbstract:The upper genital tract of women contains functional LH/human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) receptors. Whether the cervix, an anatomical continuum of the uterus and fallopian tubes, also contains these receptors has never been investigated. Multiple receptor detection techniques revealed their presence with higher levels in endocervix than in ectocervix. The receptor positive cells include stratified squamous luminal epithelium of the ectocervix, columnar epithelium, glands, blood vessels, and smooth muscle in the endocervix. Treatment of cervical tissue minces with hCG resulted in a significant increase in cAMP levels and a decrease in cyclooxygenase-2 protein levels in endocervix, but not in ectocervix. In summary, human cervix contains functional LH/hCG receptors, which suggests that LH during the menstrual cycle and hCG during pregnancy may regulate cervical functions.
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macrophages in human reproductive tissues contain luteinizing hormone Chorionic Gonadotropin receptors
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 2003Co-Authors: Y M Zhang, Ch V Rao, Z M LeiAbstract:PROBLEM: To determine whether macrophages in human reproductive tissues contain luteinizing hormone (LH)/human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) receptor mRNA and receptor protein that can bind 125I-hCG. METHOD OF STUDY: Macrophages isolated from term pregnancy human decidua were used for LH/hCG receptor detection by in situ hybridization for receptor mRNA and immunocytochemistry for a macrophage marker, CD68, performed alone and in combination, reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction, Western and ligand blotting. The LH/hCG receptor presence in macrophages in late luteal phase human endometria and corpora lutea was determined by sequential performance of in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: The macrophages present in term pregnancy human decidua and late luteal phase human endometria and corpora lutea contain LH/hCG receptors. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first demonstration of macrophages present in human reproductive tissues containing LH/hCG receptors. The receptor presence suggests that LH and hCG may regulate macrophage functions in gonadal as well as in non-gonadal target tissues.
Kristina Hotakainen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tumor expression of human Chorionic Gonadotropin beta mrna and prognosis of prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation, 2019Co-Authors: Susanna Lintula, Ulfhakan Stenman, Tuomas Mirtti, Antti Rannikko, Anna Butzow, Anna Lempiainen, Jakob Stenman, Kristina HotakainenAbstract:AbstractThe beta subunit of human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCGβ) is encoded by six genes (CGB) classified as type I and type II. CGB mRNA is produced in large amounts by trophoblastic tissues and in...
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overexpression of human Chorionic Gonadotropin β genes 3 5 and 8 in tumor tissue and urinary cells of bladder cancer patients
Tumor Biology, 2007Co-Authors: Kristina Hotakainen, Annukka Paju, Susanna Lintula, Jakob Stenman, Riikka Jarvinen, Erkki Rintala, Ulfhakan StenmanAbstract:Objective: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is a marker of trophoblastic tumors, and the serum concentration of the free β-subunit (hCGβ) is an independent prognostic marker in se
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human Chorionic Gonadotropin in cancer
Clinical Biochemistry, 2004Co-Authors: Ulfhakan Stenman, Henrik Alfthan, Kristina HotakainenAbstract:Abstract Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is mainly used for detection and monitoring of pregnancy and pregnancy-related disorders but it is also an extremely sensitive and specific marker for trophoblastic tumors of placental and germ cell origin. Thus treatment of relapsing choriocarcinomas and testicular germ cell tumors is often initiated on the basis of rising hCG levels even in the absence of clinical or histological evidence of a relapse. While these tumors mostly produce the intact heterodimeric hormone consisting of an α (hCGα), and a β subunit (hCGβ), many nontrophoblastic tumors produce only hCGβ This is usually a sign of aggressive disease and elevated serum levels of hCGβ are strongly associated with poor prognosis. Elevated serum levels are observed in 45–60% of patients with biliary and pancreatic cancer and in 10–30% of most other cancers. Methods that detect hCG and hCGβ together are mainly used for measurement of hCG-like immunoreactivity in serum. However, the reference range for hCG is 5–8 fold higher than that for hCGβ and thus moderately elevated levels can be identified only with a specific and sensitive hCGβ assay.
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the free beta subunit of human Chorionic Gonadotropin as a prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma
British Journal of Cancer, 2002Co-Authors: Kristina Hotakainen, Borje Ljungberg, Annukka Paju, Torgny Rasmuson, Henrik Alfthan, U H StenmanAbstract:The free β-subunit of human Chorionic Gonadotropin β is expressed in several nontrophoblastic tumours and this is usually associated with aggressive disease. Little is known about human Chorionic Gonadotropin β expression in renal cancer. We determined the pretreatment levels of human Chorionic Gonadotropin β in serum of patients with renal cell carcinoma, and studied whether elevated levels predicted the clinical outcome. Serum samples were collected before surgery from 177 patients with renal cell carcinoma and from 84 apparently healthy controls. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin β in serum was measured by a highly sensitive time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. The prognostic value of human Chorionic Gonadotropin β, and of usual clinical and pathological variables was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, the log rank test and Cox multiple hazard regression. The serum concentrations of human Chorionic Gonadotropin β were increased in 23% of the renal cell carcinoma patients and they were significantly higher in patients with renal cell carcinoma than in controls (P<0.0001). The concentrations did not correlate with clinical stage and histopathological grade, but patients with increased human Chorionic Gonadotropin β levels had significantly shorter survival time than those with levels below the median (cut-off 1.2 pmol l−1, P=0.0029). In multivariate analysis human Chorionic Gonadotropin β, tumour stage and grade were independent prognostic variables. The serum concentration of human Chorionic Gonadotropin β is an independent prognostic variable in renal cell carcinoma. The preoperative value of human Chorionic Gonadotropin β in serum may be used to identify patents with increased risk of progressive disease.
Jerzy B Warchol - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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coexpression of human Chorionic Gonadotropin beta subunit and its receptor in nontrophoblastic gynecological cancer
International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 2008Co-Authors: Anna Jankowska, Miroslaw Andrusiewicz, Ewa Nowakmarkwitz, J Grabowski, Jerzy B WarcholAbstract:A considerable number of biochemical and physiologic studies evaluate the roles of Gonadotropins in carcinogenesis. Latest reports show that human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), and especially its beta subunit, are secreted by a variety of malignant tumors of different origin. However, the mechanism of hCG action and its role in tumor development is not known yet. This study, with the help of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, is an attempt to document the molecular presence of the hCGβ and luteinizing hormone/hCG receptor (LH/hCGR) in the ovarian, endometrial, and uterine cervix cancer tissues. The LH/hCGR, coexpressed with hCGβ, may act as a potential mediator of hCG action in nontrophoblastic gynecological cancers
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reduction of human Chorionic Gonadotropin beta subunit expression by modified u1 snrna caused apoptosis in cervical cancer cells
Molecular Cancer, 2008Co-Authors: Anna Jankowska, Anna Szczerba, Beata Burczynska, Miroslaw Andrusiewicz, Artur Jarmolowski, Ewa Nowakmarkwitz, Samuel I Gunderson, Jerzy B WarcholAbstract:Secretion of human Chorionic Gonadotropin, especially its beta subunit by malignant trophoblastic tumors and varieties of tumors of different origin is now well documented; however the role of hCG in tumorogenesis is still unknown. This study documents the molecular presence of human Chorionic Gonadotropin beta subunit in uterine cervix cancer tissues and investigates a novel technique to reduce hCGβ levels based on expression of a modified U1 snRNA as a method to study the hormone's role in biology of human cervical cancer cells cultured in vitro. The property of U1 snRNA to block the accumulation of specific RNA transcript when it binds to its donor sequence within the 3' terminal exon was used. The first 10 nucleotides of the human U1 snRNA gene, which normally binds to the 5'ss in pre-mRNA were replaced by a sequence complementary to a 10-nt segment in the terminal exon of the hCGβ mRNA. Three different 5' end-mutated U1 snRNA expression plasmids were tested, each targeting a different sequence in the hCGβ mRNA, and we found each one blocked the expression of hCGβ in HeLa cells, a cervix carcinoma cell line, as shown by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Reduction of hCGβ levels resulted in a significantly increased apoptosis rate with almost 90% of cells transfected with modified anti-hCGβ U1 snRNAs showing morphological changes characteristic of the apoptotic process. These data suggest that human Chorionic Gonadotropin beta subunit may act as a tumor growth-stimulating factor.
Z M Lei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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presence of luteinizing hormone human Chorionic Gonadotropin receptors in male breast tissues
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2004Co-Authors: Harold E Carlson, Z M Lei, Philip Kane, Ch V RaoAbstract:Receptors for LH/human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) have been found in a variety of nongonadal tissues including the female breast. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated the presence of LH/hCG receptor mRNA and protein in normal male breast tissue obtained at autopsy (n = 4) and archival samples of benign gynecomastia (n = 14) and male breast carcinoma (n = 5). Although the function of these receptors remains to be determined, the findings suggest the possibility that LH and hCG may play a role in the pathogenesis of male breast disorders.
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functional luteinizing hormone Chorionic Gonadotropin receptors in human adrenal cortical h295r cells
Biology of Reproduction, 2004Co-Authors: Ch V Rao, X L Zhou, Z M LeiAbstract:Previous studies have suggested that activation of normal human adrenal and adrenal tumor luteinizing hormone (LH)/Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) receptors results in an increased secretion of steroid hormones. Since it is not feasible to test this suggestion on normal human adrenal cells, we used human adrenal cortical carcinoma H295R cells, which are similar in some respects to normal adrenal cortical cells. These cells contained LH/hCG receptor transcripts and receptor protein that can bind 125 I-hCG in a hormone-specific manner. Culturing the cells with highly purified hCG resulted in a time- and dose-dependent significant increase in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) secretion as compared with the controls. The DHEAS response was hormone as well as steroid specific. Since hCG treatment did not increase DHEA secretion, we suspected that the hCG might increase DHEA sulfotransferase (ST). Consistent with this possibility, hCG treatment increased steady-state DHEA-ST mRNA levels. The hCG effects require its receptors, as inhibition of their synthesis by treatment with antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) made from the LH/hCG receptor sequence resulted in loss of DHEA-ST and DHEAS responses. The findings that 1) hCG treatment increased cAMP levels and activated protein kinase A (PKA), 2) 8-bromo cAMP mimicked hCG, and 3) blocking PKA activation prevented hCG as well as 8-bromo cAMP from increasing both DHEA-ST mRNA and DHEAS levels suggested that cAMP/PKA signaling was involved in the hCG actions. In conclusion, H295R cells contain LH/hCG receptors, which are coupled to increasing DHEAS secretion through upregulating the ST enzyme mRNA level. This action is mediated by the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. These findings support the concept that adrenal function in normal and pathological conditions could be influenced by LH and hCG. adrenal, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, human Chorionic Gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone, steroid hormones
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human fetal nongonadal tissues contain human Chorionic Gonadotropin luteinizing hormone receptors
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2004Co-Authors: M A Abdallah, Z M Lei, Natalie Greenwold, Steven T Nakajima, Eric Jauniaux, Ch V RaoAbstract:Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone produced in abundance by placental syncytiotrophoblasts, is preferentially secreted into maternal circulation. Fetal circulation also contains low levels of hCG that are probably derived from fetal kidney, liver, anterior pituitary gland, etc. In addition, the fetus has access to hCG present in exocoelomic and amniotic fluids. hCG has been found in a number of fetal tissues known to stimulate fetal adrenal and testicular steroidogenesis and is also thought to play a role in growth and differentiation of fetal tissues. This led us to test the hypothesis that fetal nongonadal tissues, as in the adult, may also contain hCG/LH receptors. This hypothesis was tested by immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, in situ hybridization, and RT-PCR. The results demonstrate that kidney, liver, pancreas, lung, small and large intestines, and adrenals contained hCG/LH receptors. Although the role of fetal nongonadal hCG/LH receptors is not known, they may mediate the pleiotropic actions of hCG in the growing human fetus.
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human cervix contains functional luteinizing hormone human Chorionic Gonadotropin receptors
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2003Co-Authors: P C Lin, Z M Lei, Ch V RaoAbstract:The upper genital tract of women contains functional LH/human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) receptors. Whether the cervix, an anatomical continuum of the uterus and fallopian tubes, also contains these receptors has never been investigated. Multiple receptor detection techniques revealed their presence with higher levels in endocervix than in ectocervix. The receptor positive cells include stratified squamous luminal epithelium of the ectocervix, columnar epithelium, glands, blood vessels, and smooth muscle in the endocervix. Treatment of cervical tissue minces with hCG resulted in a significant increase in cAMP levels and a decrease in cyclooxygenase-2 protein levels in endocervix, but not in ectocervix. In summary, human cervix contains functional LH/hCG receptors, which suggests that LH during the menstrual cycle and hCG during pregnancy may regulate cervical functions.
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macrophages in human reproductive tissues contain luteinizing hormone Chorionic Gonadotropin receptors
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 2003Co-Authors: Y M Zhang, Ch V Rao, Z M LeiAbstract:PROBLEM: To determine whether macrophages in human reproductive tissues contain luteinizing hormone (LH)/human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) receptor mRNA and receptor protein that can bind 125I-hCG. METHOD OF STUDY: Macrophages isolated from term pregnancy human decidua were used for LH/hCG receptor detection by in situ hybridization for receptor mRNA and immunocytochemistry for a macrophage marker, CD68, performed alone and in combination, reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction, Western and ligand blotting. The LH/hCG receptor presence in macrophages in late luteal phase human endometria and corpora lutea was determined by sequential performance of in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: The macrophages present in term pregnancy human decidua and late luteal phase human endometria and corpora lutea contain LH/hCG receptors. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first demonstration of macrophages present in human reproductive tissues containing LH/hCG receptors. The receptor presence suggests that LH and hCG may regulate macrophage functions in gonadal as well as in non-gonadal target tissues.
James N. Macri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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first trimester down syndrome screening free β human Chorionic Gonadotropin and pregnancy associated plasma protein a
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1996Co-Authors: Philip D Buchanan, James N. Macri, David A. Krantz, John W. LarsenAbstract:Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the feasibility of a first-trimester Down syndrome screening protocol including free β-human Chorionic Gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A. STUDY DESIGN: First-trimester maternal blood samples from 22 Down syndrome and 483 control cases were assayed for free β-human Chorionic Gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedures. False-positive and detection rates were determined on the basis of Down syndrome risks calculated from the levels of biochemical markers and maternal age. Because 11 of the 22 Down syndrome cases were from older pregnancies (≥35 years old), rates were recalculated with the United States age distribution of live births to get a more representative estimate of false positives and detection efficiency. RESULTS: The median free β-human Chorionic Gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A levels in cases of Down syndrome was 2.09 (95% confidence interval 1.69 to 2.62) and 0.405 multiples of the median (95% confidence interval 0.28 to 0.67), respectively. At a 5.0% false-positive rate, 15 (68.2%) Down syndrome cases were detected. By use of the age distribution of live births, 63% of cases could be expected to be detected at a 5.0% false-positive rate. CONCLUSION: First-trimester free β-human Chorionic Gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A screening for Down syndrome can achieve detection rates as high as those associated with α-fetoprotein and human Chorionic Gonadotropin or α-fetoprotein, human Chorionic Gonadotropin, and unconjugated estriol screening in the second trimester. Prospective studies are needed to further assess first-trimester screening. (AM J OBSTET GYNECOL 1996;174:612-6.)