The Experts below are selected from a list of 81 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

P. P. Khramtsov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Stable Vortex Structures in Axisymmetric Flame Under Oscillating Combustion
    Applied Optical Measurements, 1999
    Co-Authors: O. G. Martynenko, P. P. Khramtsov
    Abstract:

    A structure of a convective torch of axisymmetric flame in combustion of a propane-air mixture was studied experimentally under the conditions of velocity perturbations on the nozzle section. The flow was visualised by a MachZehnder interferometer and also using stroboscopic photography of the flame proper luminescence. Mean temperature distribution in a torch was studied using a Chromel-Alumel Thermocouple. The obtained data show the presence of torroidal coherent vortex structures moving downstream that substantially enhance combustion processes and heat transfer in a torch.

  • Stable vortex structures in axisymmetric convective torch during oscillating combustion
    International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1996
    Co-Authors: P. P. Khramtsov, O. G. Martynenko, V. S. Burak, I. A. Shikh
    Abstract:

    A structure of a convective torch of axisymmetric flame in combustion of a propane-air mixture was studied experimentally under the conditions of velocity perturbations on the nozzle section. The flow was visualized by a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and also using stroboscopic photography of the flame proper luminescence. Mean temperature distribution in a torch was studied using a Chromel-Alumel Thermocouple. The obtained data show the presence of torroidal coherent vortex structures moving downstream that substantially enhance combustion processes and heat transfer in a torch.

Masahiro Yoshimura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Soft solution processing for fabrication of lithiated thin-film electrodes in a single synthetic step
    Journal of Materials Chemistry, 1998
    Co-Authors: Kyoo Seung Han, Petr Krtil, Masahiro Yoshimura
    Abstract:

    A process called 'soft solution processing' was used to prepare lithiated thin-film electrodes as a cathode for lithium rechargeable microbatteries in a single synthetic step. The well crystallized Li 1−x Ni 1+x O 2 films were fabricated by the electrochemical– hydrothermal treatment of nickel plates in 4  LiOH solution at fixed temperatures around 100 °C with no post-synthesis annealing. The prepared films exhibit prospective electrochemical activity; however, it is dependent on the synthetic conditions. The film formation mechanism study elucidates the effect of the synthetic conditions and also shows that soft solution processing is capable of preparing advanced inorganic materials with desired properties through the active control of the reaction conditions. Advances in the miniaturization of electronic devices have possible consequences of the film formation mechanism study will be pointed out. triggered the efforts of many solid state chemists, electrochem-ists, and material scientists to develop suitable microbattery systems as power sources for microelectronics. In this way, all-Experimental solid-state lithium ion rechargeable microbatteries have Materials attracted great interest, because they have improved many problems of secondary microbatteries while retaining most of Nickel plates (99.7%, Nilaco Co., Japan) were polished with their favorable features.1–6 1.0 mm diamond paste, degreased with soap and rinsed with The major difficulty in fabricating these microbatteries is distilled water prior to the film fabrication. Lithium hydroxide ascribed to the ability to prepare lithiated intercalation cathode (4.0 ) electrolytes were prepared from reagent grade lithium films. The experimental approach described in previous studies hydroxide monohydrate (Junsei Chemical Co., Japan) and to fabricate thin-film positive electrodes has been focused doubly distilled water. All of the film preparations were carried primarily on the usage of gas phase and/or vacuum systems, out in a laboratory-made stainless steel autoclave with a PTFE such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and sputtering.1–8 vessel adapted to the pressure vessel. The temperature in the It should be noted how difficult it is to form a gas phase from reaction vessel was regulated using an external heating system, a solid-state lithiated ternary oxide in these methods. Such a Chromel–Alumel Thermocouple and an automatic controller. syntheses therefore represent highly sophisticated multistep All electrochemical processes were performed in a three-fabrication procedures, which unfortunately require high electrode arrangement using Ni working and auxiliary elec-energy consumption, expensive precursors and equipment as trodes and a temperature-controlled Ag/AgCl reference elec-well as post-synthesis heat treatments to obtain satisfactory trode.24 The electrochemical transients were controlled using electrochemical activity. Each of these techniques might result a Toho-Giken Potentiostat/Galvanostat 2000 (Toho-Giken in environmental and economic problems. In fact, although Co. Japan). The electrochemical–hydrothermal experiments intensive attention has been focused on the fabrication of long-were carried out at a fixed temperature between 100 and lasting and high energy density microbatteries, the economic, 200 °C for 20 h. During the electrochemical–hydrothermal environmental and energy factors of the fabrication processes process, the Ni working electrode was galvanostatically have not been adequately considered. A recent life cycle charged at a fixed current density between 0.1 and analysis revealed that the fabrication process of a lithiated 5.0 mA cm−2. Prepared films were rinsed several times with cathode used up to 80% of the total energy to fabricate a doubly distilled water to eliminate residual LiOH solution and battery.9 Therefore, it is important to develop a novel economi-then dried with blowing air. cal, environmentally friendly, and less energy-consuming pro-cess that can produce the desired lithiated intercalation cathode Film characterization films on a chip. This would require the novel synthetic The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the approach first to decrease the number of synthetic steps and films were recorded after Ar sputtering for 30 seconds with a second to be highly compatible with the electronic components. Shimadzu ESCA3200 using Mg-Ka radiation. Binding energy Soft solution processing seems to fit these criteria.10–18 'Soft values were all referenced to the carbon 1s line taken as solution processing' is a term encompassing a wide group of 285.0±0.5 eV. The X-ray diffraction pattern analysis of the synthetic processes used to prepare inorganic materials using films was obtained using a MAC Science MXP-3VA solution treatment at low temperature. The solution treatment diffractometer and Cu-Ka radiation (l=1.5405 Å) operated at of the starting material is often combined with different acti-40 mA and 40 kV. The diffractograms were recorded in the 2h vation methods such as electrochemical reactions, photochem-range 10–120° with 0.02° resolution. For the thin-film X-ray ical excitation, application of microwaves, or hot-pressing to diffraction pattern, a grazing angle of 1.0° was used. Two-prepare the desired materials.11–14,19–23 Here, we present the probe AC impedance measurements (Hewlett-Packard 4284A results of the successful fabrication of Li 1−x Ni 1+x O 2 films in a impedance analyzer) for the frequency range between 20 Hz single step using soft solution processing, as well as a good and 1 MHz were performed to evaluate the obtained film example of how to improve the desired material preparation conductivity. The two probes were installed on the surface of by design of the experimental conditions based on the eluci-dation of the microstructuring mechanism. In addition, some the obtained films at a separation of 1.0 cm. A cyclic

David O. Hayward - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

O. G. Martynenko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Stable Vortex Structures in Axisymmetric Flame Under Oscillating Combustion
    Applied Optical Measurements, 1999
    Co-Authors: O. G. Martynenko, P. P. Khramtsov
    Abstract:

    A structure of a convective torch of axisymmetric flame in combustion of a propane-air mixture was studied experimentally under the conditions of velocity perturbations on the nozzle section. The flow was visualised by a MachZehnder interferometer and also using stroboscopic photography of the flame proper luminescence. Mean temperature distribution in a torch was studied using a Chromel-Alumel Thermocouple. The obtained data show the presence of torroidal coherent vortex structures moving downstream that substantially enhance combustion processes and heat transfer in a torch.

  • Stable vortex structures in axisymmetric convective torch during oscillating combustion
    International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1996
    Co-Authors: P. P. Khramtsov, O. G. Martynenko, V. S. Burak, I. A. Shikh
    Abstract:

    A structure of a convective torch of axisymmetric flame in combustion of a propane-air mixture was studied experimentally under the conditions of velocity perturbations on the nozzle section. The flow was visualized by a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and also using stroboscopic photography of the flame proper luminescence. Mean temperature distribution in a torch was studied using a Chromel-Alumel Thermocouple. The obtained data show the presence of torroidal coherent vortex structures moving downstream that substantially enhance combustion processes and heat transfer in a torch.

Kyoo Seung Han - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Soft solution processing for fabrication of lithiated thin-film electrodes in a single synthetic step
    Journal of Materials Chemistry, 1998
    Co-Authors: Kyoo Seung Han, Petr Krtil, Masahiro Yoshimura
    Abstract:

    A process called 'soft solution processing' was used to prepare lithiated thin-film electrodes as a cathode for lithium rechargeable microbatteries in a single synthetic step. The well crystallized Li 1−x Ni 1+x O 2 films were fabricated by the electrochemical– hydrothermal treatment of nickel plates in 4  LiOH solution at fixed temperatures around 100 °C with no post-synthesis annealing. The prepared films exhibit prospective electrochemical activity; however, it is dependent on the synthetic conditions. The film formation mechanism study elucidates the effect of the synthetic conditions and also shows that soft solution processing is capable of preparing advanced inorganic materials with desired properties through the active control of the reaction conditions. Advances in the miniaturization of electronic devices have possible consequences of the film formation mechanism study will be pointed out. triggered the efforts of many solid state chemists, electrochem-ists, and material scientists to develop suitable microbattery systems as power sources for microelectronics. In this way, all-Experimental solid-state lithium ion rechargeable microbatteries have Materials attracted great interest, because they have improved many problems of secondary microbatteries while retaining most of Nickel plates (99.7%, Nilaco Co., Japan) were polished with their favorable features.1–6 1.0 mm diamond paste, degreased with soap and rinsed with The major difficulty in fabricating these microbatteries is distilled water prior to the film fabrication. Lithium hydroxide ascribed to the ability to prepare lithiated intercalation cathode (4.0 ) electrolytes were prepared from reagent grade lithium films. The experimental approach described in previous studies hydroxide monohydrate (Junsei Chemical Co., Japan) and to fabricate thin-film positive electrodes has been focused doubly distilled water. All of the film preparations were carried primarily on the usage of gas phase and/or vacuum systems, out in a laboratory-made stainless steel autoclave with a PTFE such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and sputtering.1–8 vessel adapted to the pressure vessel. The temperature in the It should be noted how difficult it is to form a gas phase from reaction vessel was regulated using an external heating system, a solid-state lithiated ternary oxide in these methods. Such a Chromel–Alumel Thermocouple and an automatic controller. syntheses therefore represent highly sophisticated multistep All electrochemical processes were performed in a three-fabrication procedures, which unfortunately require high electrode arrangement using Ni working and auxiliary elec-energy consumption, expensive precursors and equipment as trodes and a temperature-controlled Ag/AgCl reference elec-well as post-synthesis heat treatments to obtain satisfactory trode.24 The electrochemical transients were controlled using electrochemical activity. Each of these techniques might result a Toho-Giken Potentiostat/Galvanostat 2000 (Toho-Giken in environmental and economic problems. In fact, although Co. Japan). The electrochemical–hydrothermal experiments intensive attention has been focused on the fabrication of long-were carried out at a fixed temperature between 100 and lasting and high energy density microbatteries, the economic, 200 °C for 20 h. During the electrochemical–hydrothermal environmental and energy factors of the fabrication processes process, the Ni working electrode was galvanostatically have not been adequately considered. A recent life cycle charged at a fixed current density between 0.1 and analysis revealed that the fabrication process of a lithiated 5.0 mA cm−2. Prepared films were rinsed several times with cathode used up to 80% of the total energy to fabricate a doubly distilled water to eliminate residual LiOH solution and battery.9 Therefore, it is important to develop a novel economi-then dried with blowing air. cal, environmentally friendly, and less energy-consuming pro-cess that can produce the desired lithiated intercalation cathode Film characterization films on a chip. This would require the novel synthetic The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the approach first to decrease the number of synthetic steps and films were recorded after Ar sputtering for 30 seconds with a second to be highly compatible with the electronic components. Shimadzu ESCA3200 using Mg-Ka radiation. Binding energy Soft solution processing seems to fit these criteria.10–18 'Soft values were all referenced to the carbon 1s line taken as solution processing' is a term encompassing a wide group of 285.0±0.5 eV. The X-ray diffraction pattern analysis of the synthetic processes used to prepare inorganic materials using films was obtained using a MAC Science MXP-3VA solution treatment at low temperature. The solution treatment diffractometer and Cu-Ka radiation (l=1.5405 Å) operated at of the starting material is often combined with different acti-40 mA and 40 kV. The diffractograms were recorded in the 2h vation methods such as electrochemical reactions, photochem-range 10–120° with 0.02° resolution. For the thin-film X-ray ical excitation, application of microwaves, or hot-pressing to diffraction pattern, a grazing angle of 1.0° was used. Two-prepare the desired materials.11–14,19–23 Here, we present the probe AC impedance measurements (Hewlett-Packard 4284A results of the successful fabrication of Li 1−x Ni 1+x O 2 films in a impedance analyzer) for the frequency range between 20 Hz single step using soft solution processing, as well as a good and 1 MHz were performed to evaluate the obtained film example of how to improve the desired material preparation conductivity. The two probes were installed on the surface of by design of the experimental conditions based on the eluci-dation of the microstructuring mechanism. In addition, some the obtained films at a separation of 1.0 cm. A cyclic