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Riaz Mahmood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Oral administration of potassium dichromate inhibits brush border membrane enzymes and alters anti-oxidant status of rat intestine
    2008
    Co-Authors: N A Arivarasu, Sabiha Fatima, Riaz Mahmood
    Abstract:

    Potassium dichromate (K_2Cr_2O_7) is a soluble hexavalent Chromium Compound that is widely used in several industries. In the present work the effect of administration of K_2Cr_2O_7 on rat intestinal brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes and anti-oxidant system was studied. Rats were given a single oral dose of K_2Cr_2O_7 (100 mg/kg body weight) and sacrificed 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h after the treatment. Control animals were not given K_2Cr_2O_7. The administration of K_2Cr_2O_7 resulted in a reversible decline in the specific activities of several BBM enzymes. The decrease in the activities of these enzymes was due to changes in the maximum velocity while their affinities for the substrates remained unchanged. Lipid peroxidation increased while total SH groups decreased in K_2Cr_2O_7-treated rats as compared to controls indicating increased oxidative stress in the intestinal mucosa. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione- S -transferase increased while those of catalase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased. The maximum changes in all the parameters studied above were 24 h after administration of K_2Cr_2O_7 after which recovery took place, in most cases almost to control values after 96 h. These results show that oral administration of K_2Cr_2O_7 to decrease in the activities of BBM enzymes, increase in oxidative stress and alters the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes in rat intestine.

  • vitamin c attenuates potassium dichromate induced nephrotoxicity and alterations in renal brush border membrane enzymes and phosphate transport in rats
    2007
    Co-Authors: Sabiha Fatima, Riaz Mahmood
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Exposure to Chromium Compounds can result in nephrotoxicity. The administration of potassium dichromate (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ), a hexavalent Chromium Compound, results in impairment in functions of renal brush border membrane (BBM). Methods The effect of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) on K 2 Cr 2 O 7 -induced nephrotoxicity, changes in BBM enzymes, Pi transport and the anti-oxidant status of rat kidney were studied. Animals were divided into 4 groups and were intraperitoneally given saline (control), vitamin C alone, K 2 Cr 2 O 7 alone and vitamin C plus K 2 Cr 2 O 7 . Nephrotoxicity was evaluated by urea and creatinine levels in the serum. Anti-oxidant status was evaluated in kidney homogenates. Results A single dose of K 2 Cr 2 O 7 (15 mg/kg body weight) resulted in an increase of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in total sulfhydryl groups. However, prior treatment with a single dose of vitamin C (250 mg/kg body weight) protected the kidney from the damaging effects of K 2 Cr 2 O 7 . It greatly ameliorated the K 2 Cr 2 O 7 -induced nephrotoxicity and reduction in Pi transport, activities of catalase, Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase and BBM enzymes. This was accompanied by decrease in lipid peroxidation and recovery of sulfhydryl content of renal cortex. Conclusions Vitamin C is an effective chemoprotectant against K 2 Cr 2 O 7 -induced acute renal failure and dysfunction of the renal BBM in rats.

  • effect of potassium dichromate on renal brush border membrane enzymes and phosphate transport in rats
    2005
    Co-Authors: Sabiha Fatima, N A Arivarasu, Anees Ahmad Banday, Ahad N K Yusufi, Riaz Mahmood
    Abstract:

    Chromium is widely used in industry but exposure to Chromium Compounds in the workplace can result in nephrotoxicity. Various nephrotoxicants affect the brush border membrane (BBM) lining the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule, but there have been no studies regarding the effect of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), a hexava-lent Chromium Compound, on renal BBM. In the present work, the effect of administering a single intraperitoneal dose (15 mg/kg body weight) of K2Cr2O7 on rat renal BBM enzymes and inorganic phosphate (Pi) transport was studied. The animals were administered normal saline (control) or K2Cr2O7 and sacrificed 1, 2, 4 and 8 days after treatment. K2Cr2O7 induced reversible damage to the rat kidney function as indicated by serum creatinine (Scr) and urea nitrogen levels. The activities of BBM marker enzymes were significantly decreased in isolated BBM vesicles (BBMV) and homogenates of cortex and medulla on 1, 2 and 4 days after administration of K2Cr2O7with complete recovery to control v...

Sabiha Fatima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Oral administration of potassium dichromate inhibits brush border membrane enzymes and alters anti-oxidant status of rat intestine
    2008
    Co-Authors: N A Arivarasu, Sabiha Fatima, Riaz Mahmood
    Abstract:

    Potassium dichromate (K_2Cr_2O_7) is a soluble hexavalent Chromium Compound that is widely used in several industries. In the present work the effect of administration of K_2Cr_2O_7 on rat intestinal brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes and anti-oxidant system was studied. Rats were given a single oral dose of K_2Cr_2O_7 (100 mg/kg body weight) and sacrificed 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h after the treatment. Control animals were not given K_2Cr_2O_7. The administration of K_2Cr_2O_7 resulted in a reversible decline in the specific activities of several BBM enzymes. The decrease in the activities of these enzymes was due to changes in the maximum velocity while their affinities for the substrates remained unchanged. Lipid peroxidation increased while total SH groups decreased in K_2Cr_2O_7-treated rats as compared to controls indicating increased oxidative stress in the intestinal mucosa. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione- S -transferase increased while those of catalase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased. The maximum changes in all the parameters studied above were 24 h after administration of K_2Cr_2O_7 after which recovery took place, in most cases almost to control values after 96 h. These results show that oral administration of K_2Cr_2O_7 to decrease in the activities of BBM enzymes, increase in oxidative stress and alters the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes in rat intestine.

  • vitamin c attenuates potassium dichromate induced nephrotoxicity and alterations in renal brush border membrane enzymes and phosphate transport in rats
    2007
    Co-Authors: Sabiha Fatima, Riaz Mahmood
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Exposure to Chromium Compounds can result in nephrotoxicity. The administration of potassium dichromate (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ), a hexavalent Chromium Compound, results in impairment in functions of renal brush border membrane (BBM). Methods The effect of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) on K 2 Cr 2 O 7 -induced nephrotoxicity, changes in BBM enzymes, Pi transport and the anti-oxidant status of rat kidney were studied. Animals were divided into 4 groups and were intraperitoneally given saline (control), vitamin C alone, K 2 Cr 2 O 7 alone and vitamin C plus K 2 Cr 2 O 7 . Nephrotoxicity was evaluated by urea and creatinine levels in the serum. Anti-oxidant status was evaluated in kidney homogenates. Results A single dose of K 2 Cr 2 O 7 (15 mg/kg body weight) resulted in an increase of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in total sulfhydryl groups. However, prior treatment with a single dose of vitamin C (250 mg/kg body weight) protected the kidney from the damaging effects of K 2 Cr 2 O 7 . It greatly ameliorated the K 2 Cr 2 O 7 -induced nephrotoxicity and reduction in Pi transport, activities of catalase, Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase and BBM enzymes. This was accompanied by decrease in lipid peroxidation and recovery of sulfhydryl content of renal cortex. Conclusions Vitamin C is an effective chemoprotectant against K 2 Cr 2 O 7 -induced acute renal failure and dysfunction of the renal BBM in rats.

  • effect of potassium dichromate on renal brush border membrane enzymes and phosphate transport in rats
    2005
    Co-Authors: Sabiha Fatima, N A Arivarasu, Anees Ahmad Banday, Ahad N K Yusufi, Riaz Mahmood
    Abstract:

    Chromium is widely used in industry but exposure to Chromium Compounds in the workplace can result in nephrotoxicity. Various nephrotoxicants affect the brush border membrane (BBM) lining the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule, but there have been no studies regarding the effect of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), a hexava-lent Chromium Compound, on renal BBM. In the present work, the effect of administering a single intraperitoneal dose (15 mg/kg body weight) of K2Cr2O7 on rat renal BBM enzymes and inorganic phosphate (Pi) transport was studied. The animals were administered normal saline (control) or K2Cr2O7 and sacrificed 1, 2, 4 and 8 days after treatment. K2Cr2O7 induced reversible damage to the rat kidney function as indicated by serum creatinine (Scr) and urea nitrogen levels. The activities of BBM marker enzymes were significantly decreased in isolated BBM vesicles (BBMV) and homogenates of cortex and medulla on 1, 2 and 4 days after administration of K2Cr2O7with complete recovery to control v...

N A Arivarasu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Oral administration of potassium dichromate inhibits brush border membrane enzymes and alters anti-oxidant status of rat intestine
    2008
    Co-Authors: N A Arivarasu, Sabiha Fatima, Riaz Mahmood
    Abstract:

    Potassium dichromate (K_2Cr_2O_7) is a soluble hexavalent Chromium Compound that is widely used in several industries. In the present work the effect of administration of K_2Cr_2O_7 on rat intestinal brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes and anti-oxidant system was studied. Rats were given a single oral dose of K_2Cr_2O_7 (100 mg/kg body weight) and sacrificed 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h after the treatment. Control animals were not given K_2Cr_2O_7. The administration of K_2Cr_2O_7 resulted in a reversible decline in the specific activities of several BBM enzymes. The decrease in the activities of these enzymes was due to changes in the maximum velocity while their affinities for the substrates remained unchanged. Lipid peroxidation increased while total SH groups decreased in K_2Cr_2O_7-treated rats as compared to controls indicating increased oxidative stress in the intestinal mucosa. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione- S -transferase increased while those of catalase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased. The maximum changes in all the parameters studied above were 24 h after administration of K_2Cr_2O_7 after which recovery took place, in most cases almost to control values after 96 h. These results show that oral administration of K_2Cr_2O_7 to decrease in the activities of BBM enzymes, increase in oxidative stress and alters the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes in rat intestine.

  • effect of potassium dichromate on renal brush border membrane enzymes and phosphate transport in rats
    2005
    Co-Authors: Sabiha Fatima, N A Arivarasu, Anees Ahmad Banday, Ahad N K Yusufi, Riaz Mahmood
    Abstract:

    Chromium is widely used in industry but exposure to Chromium Compounds in the workplace can result in nephrotoxicity. Various nephrotoxicants affect the brush border membrane (BBM) lining the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule, but there have been no studies regarding the effect of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), a hexava-lent Chromium Compound, on renal BBM. In the present work, the effect of administering a single intraperitoneal dose (15 mg/kg body weight) of K2Cr2O7 on rat renal BBM enzymes and inorganic phosphate (Pi) transport was studied. The animals were administered normal saline (control) or K2Cr2O7 and sacrificed 1, 2, 4 and 8 days after treatment. K2Cr2O7 induced reversible damage to the rat kidney function as indicated by serum creatinine (Scr) and urea nitrogen levels. The activities of BBM marker enzymes were significantly decreased in isolated BBM vesicles (BBMV) and homogenates of cortex and medulla on 1, 2 and 4 days after administration of K2Cr2O7with complete recovery to control v...

Vratislav Langer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ca10 crvo4 6 crvio4 a disordered mixed valence Chromium Compound exhibiting inversion twinning
    2013
    Co-Authors: Dalma Gyepesova, Vratislav Langer
    Abstract:

    Samples containing 46, 49, and 51 wt.% Cr2O3 (primary crystallization field in the CaO—Cr2O3 system) in a mixture of CaCO3, CrO3, HNO3, and H2O are slowly heated to 1173 K and show the presence of Ca5(CrO4)3OH and CaCrO4.

  • ca10 crvo4 6 crvio4 a disordered mixed valence Chromium Compound exhibiting inversion twinning
    2013
    Co-Authors: Dalma Gyepesova, Vratislav Langer
    Abstract:

    The structure analysis of so-called 9CaO center dot 4CrO(3)center dot Cr2O3 proved it to be the title Compound, decacalcium hexakis[chromate(V)] chromate(VI), with the simultaneous presence of unusual Chromium oxidation states. The structure determination was carried out on a crystal that had inversion twinning. The (CrO4)-O-VI tetrahedron is situated on a threefold axis and is disordered over two possible orientations that share three O atoms, while the (CrO4)-O-V tetrahedra are in general positions and are ordered. The charge is balanced by Ca2+ cations, one of which is located on a threefold axis. The Ca2+ ions are coordinated by six, seven or eight O atoms. The Compound is a significant phase in the CaO-CrOx system and its formation reduces the refractoriness of calcium-rich compositions in an oxidizing atmosphere.

Hori Masao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • trivalent Chromium plating liquid and trivalent Chromium plating method
    2016
    Co-Authors: Hori Masao, Matsushima Yusuke
    Abstract:

    PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide trivalent Chromium plating having glossy appearance and corrosion resistance equal to those of hexavalent Chromium plating and further having excellent salt damage resistance.SOLUTION: Provided is a trivalent Chromium plating liquid containing a trivalent Chromium Compound, a conductive salt, a pH buffer and a complexing agent, in which the concentration of metallic Chromium is 1 to 20 g/l, as the conductive salt, two or more kinds selected from the alkali metal salt or ammonium salt of chlorides are used, also, their total content is 150 to 400 g/L, and iron and sulfur-containing organic Compounds are not included, and a trivalent Chromium plating method using the same.SELECTED DRAWING: None

  • decorative trivalent Chromium plating solution and decorative Chromium plating method utilizing the same
    2016
    Co-Authors: Hori Masao
    Abstract:

    PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a decorative trivalent Chromium plating that is a decorative Chromium plating using a trivalent Chromium, and that boasts an equivalent performance to a hexavalent Chromium plating solution used thus far.SOLUTION: Provided is: a decorative Chromium plating solution that is a trivalent Chromium plating solution containing a trivalent Chromium Compound, a conductive salt, a pH buffering agent and a complexing agent, and in which, characterized, sulfamic acid salt as conductive salt is used in combination of two kinds or more; and a decorative Chromium plating method utilizing the same.SELECTED DRAWING: None