The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
E. Enmark - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Human Estrogen Receptor -Gene Structure, Chromosomal Localization, and Expression Pattern
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1997Co-Authors: E. EnmarkAbstract:The estrogen receptor (ER) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the effects of the steroid hormone 17β-estradiol, in both males and females. Since the isolation and cloning of ER, the consensus has been that only one such receptor exists. The finding of a second subtype of ER (ERβ) has caused considerable excitement amongst endocrinologists. In this article, we present data regarding the genomic structure and Chromosomal Localization of the human ERβ gene, demonstrating that two independent ER genes do exist in the human. Furthermore, we present data regarding the tissue distribution of human ERβ, showing that this receptor is expressed in multiple tissues. For instance, ERβ is found in developing spermatids of the testis, a finding of potential relevance for the ongoing debate on the effects of environmental estrogens on sperm counts. In addition, we find ERβ in ovarian granulosa cells, indicating that estrogens also participate in the regulation of follicular growth in the human.
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human estrogen receptor β gene structure Chromosomal Localization and expression pattern
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1997Co-Authors: E. Enmark, Markku Peltohuikko, Kaj Grandien, Svetlana Lagercrantz, Jacob Lagercrantz, Gabriel Fried, Magnus Nordenskjold, Janake GustafssonAbstract:The estrogen receptor (ER) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the effects of the steroid hormone 17β-estradiol, in both males and females. Since the isolation and cloning of ER, the consensus has been that only one such receptor exists. The finding of a second subtype of ER (ERβ) has caused considerable excitement amongst endocrinologists. In this article, we present data regarding the genomic structure and Chromosomal Localization of the human ERβ gene, demonstrating that two independent ER genes do exist in the human. Furthermore, we present data regarding the tissue distribution of human ERβ, showing that this receptor is expressed in multiple tissues. For instance, ERβ is found in developing spermatids of the testis, a finding of potential relevance for the ongoing debate on the effects of environmental estrogens on sperm counts. In addition, we find ERβ in ovarian granulosa cells, indicating that estrogens also participate in the regulation of follicular growth in the human.
Janake Gustafsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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human estrogen receptor β gene structure Chromosomal Localization and expression pattern
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1997Co-Authors: E. Enmark, Markku Peltohuikko, Kaj Grandien, Svetlana Lagercrantz, Jacob Lagercrantz, Gabriel Fried, Magnus Nordenskjold, Janake GustafssonAbstract:The estrogen receptor (ER) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the effects of the steroid hormone 17β-estradiol, in both males and females. Since the isolation and cloning of ER, the consensus has been that only one such receptor exists. The finding of a second subtype of ER (ERβ) has caused considerable excitement amongst endocrinologists. In this article, we present data regarding the genomic structure and Chromosomal Localization of the human ERβ gene, demonstrating that two independent ER genes do exist in the human. Furthermore, we present data regarding the tissue distribution of human ERβ, showing that this receptor is expressed in multiple tissues. For instance, ERβ is found in developing spermatids of the testis, a finding of potential relevance for the ongoing debate on the effects of environmental estrogens on sperm counts. In addition, we find ERβ in ovarian granulosa cells, indicating that estrogens also participate in the regulation of follicular growth in the human.
Ira Kurtz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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molecular cloning Chromosomal Localization tissue distribution and functional expression of the human pancreatic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1998Co-Authors: Natalia Abuladze, Ivan Lee, Debra Newman, James Hwang, Kathryn Boorer, Alexander Pushkin, Ira KurtzAbstract:We report the cloning, sequence analysis, tissue distribution, functional expression, and Chromosomal Localization of the human pancreatic sodium bicarbonate cotransport protein (pancreatic NBC (pNBC)). The transporter was identified by searching the human expressed sequence tag data base. An I.M.A.G.E. clone W39298 was identified, and a polymerase chain reaction probe was generated to screen a human pancreas cDNA library. pNBC encodes a 1079-residue polypeptide that differs at the N terminus from the recently cloned human sodium bicarbonate cotransporter isolated from kidney (kNBC) (Burnham, C. E., Amlal, H., Wang, Z., Shull, G. E., and Soleimani, M. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 19111-19114). Northern blot analysis using a probe specific for the N terminus of pNBC revealed an approximately 7.7-kilobase transcript expressed predominantly in pancreas, with less expression in kidney, brain, liver, prostate, colon, stomach, thyroid, and spinal chord. In contrast, a probe to the unique 5' region of kNBC detected an approximately 7.6-kilobase transcript only in the kidney. In situ hybridization studies in pancreas revealed expression in the acini and ductal cells. The gene was mapped to chromosome 4q21 using fluorescent in situ hybridization. Expression of pNBC in Xenopus laevis oocytes induced sodium bicarbonate cotransport. These data demonstrate that pNBC encodes the sodium bicarbonate cotransporter in the mammalian pancreas. pNBC is also expressed at a lower level in several other organs, whereas kNBC is expressed uniquely in kidney.
Nabil G. Seidah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gene structure and Chromosomal Localization of plasma kallikrein.
Biochemistry, 1991Co-Authors: Guy Beaubien, I. Rosinski-chupin, M. G. Mattei, Majambu Mbikay, M. Chrétien, Nabil G. SeidahAbstract:Plasma kallikrein (Fletcher factor) is a hepatic serine proteinase that participated in the early phase of blood coagulation. From two genomic libraries, we succeeded to isolate four overlapping clones representing the entire rat plasma kallikrein gene. Using selective DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reactions, and restriction mapping, we demonstrated that the gene for rat plasma kallikrein was 22 kb in length. Similar to human factor XI [Asakai et al. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 7221-7228], we also found that the plasma kallikrein gene is composed of 15 exons and 14 introns. A potential transcription initiation step was determined by a novel application of the polymerase chain reaction technique. Computer analysis of the 5'-promoter region of this gene revealed some putative control elements that might regulate the rat plasma kallikrein gene expression. These data and the results of Chromosomal Localization reported in the present study for mouse (chromosome 8) and human (chromosome 4) plasma kallikrein genes strongly corroborate a genic duplication event from a common ancestor to both plasma kallikren and factor XI.
Harold A Chapman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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human cathepsin s Chromosomal Localization gene structure and tissue distribution
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1994Co-Authors: Guoping Shi, A C Webb, K E Foster, Joan H M Knoll, Cynthia A Lemere, J S Munger, Harold A ChapmanAbstract:The human lysosomal cysteine proteinases, cathepsins H, L, and B, have been mapped to chromosomes 15, 9, and 8, respectively, and the genomic structures of cathepsins L and B have been determined. We report here the Chromosomal Localization and partial gene structure for a recently sequenced human cysteine proteinase, cathepsin S. A 20-kilobase pair genomic clone of the human cathepsin S gene was isolated from a human fibroblast genomic library and used to map the human cathepsin S gene to chromosome 1q21 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. This clone contains exons 1 through 5, introns 1 through 4, part of intron 5, and > 7 kilobase pairs of the 5'-flanking sequence. The gene structure of human cathepsin S is similar to that of cathepsin L through the first 5 exons, except that cathepsin S introns are substantially larger. Sequencing of the 5'-flanking region revealed, similar to human cathepsin B, no classical TATA or CAAT box. In contrast to cathepsin B, cathepsin S contains only two SP1 and at least 18 AP1 binding sites that potentially could be involved in regulation of the gene. This 5'-flanking region also contains CA microsatellites. The presence of AP1 sites and CA microsatellites suggest that cathepsin S can be specifically regulated. Results of Northern blotting using probes for human cathepsins B, L, and S are consistent with this hypothesis; only cathepsin S shows a restricted tissue distribution, with highest levels in spleen, heart, and lung. In addition, immunostaining of lung tissue demonstrated detectable cathepsin S only in lung macrophages. The high level of expression in the spleen and in phagocytes suggests that cathepsin S may have a specific function in immunity, perhaps related to antigen processing.