The Experts below are selected from a list of 1034163 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael B Reid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
oxidative stress Chronic Disease and muscle wasting
Muscle & Nerve, 2007Co-Authors: Jennifer S Moylan, Michael B ReidAbstract:Underlying the pathogenesis of Chronic Disease is the state of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is an imbalance in oxidant and antioxidant levels. If an overproduction of oxidants overwhelms the antioxidant defenses, oxidative damage of cells, tissues, and organs ensues. In some cases, oxidative stress is assigned a causal role in Disease pathogenesis, whereas in others the link is less certain. Along with underlying oxidative stress, Chronic Disease is often accompanied by muscle wasting. It has been hypothesized that catabolic programs leading to muscle wasting are mediated by oxidative stress. In cases where Disease is localized to the muscle, this concept is easy to appreciate. Transmission of oxidative stress from Diseased remote organs to skeletal muscle is thought to be mediated by humoral factors such as inflammatory cytokines. This review examines the relationship between oxidative stress, Chronic Disease, and muscle wasting, and the mechanisms by which oxidative stress acts as a catabolic signal. Muscle Nerve, 2007
-
oxidative stress Chronic Disease and muscle wasting
Muscle & Nerve, 2007Co-Authors: Jennifer S Moylan, Michael B ReidAbstract:Underlying the pathogenesis of Chronic Disease is the state of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is an imbalance in oxidant and antioxidant levels. If an overproduction of oxidants overwhelms the antioxidant defenses, oxidative damage of cells, tissues, and organs ensues. In some cases, oxidative stress is assigned a causal role in Disease pathogenesis, whereas in others the link is less certain. Along with underlying oxidative stress, Chronic Disease is often accompanied by muscle wasting. It has been hypothesized that catabolic programs leading to muscle wasting are mediated by oxidative stress. In cases where Disease is localized to the muscle, this concept is easy to appreciate. Transmission of oxidative stress from Diseased remote organs to skeletal muscle is thought to be mediated by humoral factors such as inflammatory cytokines. This review examines the relationship between oxidative stress, Chronic Disease, and muscle wasting, and the mechanisms by which oxidative stress acts as a catabolic signal.
Jennifer S Moylan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
oxidative stress Chronic Disease and muscle wasting
Muscle & Nerve, 2007Co-Authors: Jennifer S Moylan, Michael B ReidAbstract:Underlying the pathogenesis of Chronic Disease is the state of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is an imbalance in oxidant and antioxidant levels. If an overproduction of oxidants overwhelms the antioxidant defenses, oxidative damage of cells, tissues, and organs ensues. In some cases, oxidative stress is assigned a causal role in Disease pathogenesis, whereas in others the link is less certain. Along with underlying oxidative stress, Chronic Disease is often accompanied by muscle wasting. It has been hypothesized that catabolic programs leading to muscle wasting are mediated by oxidative stress. In cases where Disease is localized to the muscle, this concept is easy to appreciate. Transmission of oxidative stress from Diseased remote organs to skeletal muscle is thought to be mediated by humoral factors such as inflammatory cytokines. This review examines the relationship between oxidative stress, Chronic Disease, and muscle wasting, and the mechanisms by which oxidative stress acts as a catabolic signal. Muscle Nerve, 2007
-
oxidative stress Chronic Disease and muscle wasting
Muscle & Nerve, 2007Co-Authors: Jennifer S Moylan, Michael B ReidAbstract:Underlying the pathogenesis of Chronic Disease is the state of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is an imbalance in oxidant and antioxidant levels. If an overproduction of oxidants overwhelms the antioxidant defenses, oxidative damage of cells, tissues, and organs ensues. In some cases, oxidative stress is assigned a causal role in Disease pathogenesis, whereas in others the link is less certain. Along with underlying oxidative stress, Chronic Disease is often accompanied by muscle wasting. It has been hypothesized that catabolic programs leading to muscle wasting are mediated by oxidative stress. In cases where Disease is localized to the muscle, this concept is easy to appreciate. Transmission of oxidative stress from Diseased remote organs to skeletal muscle is thought to be mediated by humoral factors such as inflammatory cytokines. This review examines the relationship between oxidative stress, Chronic Disease, and muscle wasting, and the mechanisms by which oxidative stress acts as a catabolic signal.
Fernando Martinsanchez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
health outcomes and related effects of using social media in Chronic Disease management
Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 2013Co-Authors: Mark Merolli, Kathleen Gray, Fernando MartinsanchezAbstract:Graphical abstractDisplay Omitted Examines health outcomes, effects and affordances of social media in Chronic Disease.Psychosocial benefits seen via an ability to foster support and share information.Evidence supporting impact on physical condition is less apparent.Affordances include: identity, flexibility, structure, narration, adaptation.Further research needed of affordances to inform evidence-based clinical guidelines. Whilst the future for social media in Chronic Disease management appears to be optimistic, there is limited concrete evidence indicating whether and how social media use significantly improves patient outcomes. This review examines the health outcomes and related effects of using social media, while also exploring the unique affordances underpinning these effects. Few studies have investigated social media's potential in Chronic Disease, but those we found indicate impact on health status and other effects are positive, with none indicating adverse events. Benefits have been reported for psychosocial management via the ability to foster support and share information; however, there is less evidence of benefits for physical condition management. We found that studies covered a very limited range of social media platforms and that there is an ongoing propensity towards reporting investigations of earlier social platforms, such as online support groups (OSG), discussion forums and message boards. Finally, it is hypothesized that for social media to form a more meaningful part of effective Chronic Disease management, interventions need to be tailored to the individualized needs of sufferers. The particular affordances of social media that appear salient in this regard from analysis of the literature include: identity, flexibility, structure, narration and adaptation. This review suggests further research of high methodological quality is required to investigate the affordances of social media and how these can best serve Chronic Disease sufferers. Evidence-based practice (EBP) using social media may then be considered.
-
developing a framework to generate evidence of health outcomes from social media use in Chronic Disease management
Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Mark Merolli, Kathleen Gray, Fernando MartinsanchezAbstract:Background: While there is an abundance of evidence-based practice (EBP) recommendations guiding management of various Chronic Diseases, evidence suggesting best practice for using social media to improve health outcomes is inadequate. The variety of social media platforms, multiple potential uses, inconsistent definitions, and paucity of rigorous studies, make it difficult to measure health outcomes reliably in Chronic Disease management. Most published investigations report on an earlier generation of online tools, which are not as user-centered, participatory, engaging, or collaborative, and thus may work differently for health self-management. Objective: The challenge to establish a sound evidence base for social media use in Chronic Disease starts with the need to define criteria and methods to generate and evaluate evidence. The authors’ key objective is to develop a framework for research and practice that addresses this challenge. Methods: This paper forms part of a larger research project that presents a conceptual framework of how evidence of health outcomes can be generated from social media use, allowing social media to be utilized in Chronic Disease management more effectively. Using mixed methods incorporating a qualitative literature review, a survey and a pilot intervention, the research closely examines the therapeutic affordances of social media, people with Chronic pain (PWCP) as a subset of Chronic Disease management, valid outcome measurement of patient-reported (health) outcomes (PRO), the individual needs of people living with Chronic Disease, and finally translation of the combined results to improve evidence-based decision making about social media use in this context. Results: Extensive review highlights various affordances of social media that may prove valuable to understanding social media’s effect on individual health outcomes. However, without standardized PRO instruments, we are unable to definitively investigate these effects. The proposed framework that we offer outlines how therapeutic affordances of social media coupled with valid and reliable PRO measurement may be used to generate evidence of improvements in health outcomes, as well as guide evidence-based decision making in the future about social media use as part of Chronic Disease self-management. Conclusions: The results will (1) inform a framework for conducting research into health outcomes from social media use in Chronic Disease, as well as support translating the findings into evidence of improved health outcomes, and (2) inform a set of recommendations for evidence-based decision making about social media use as part of Chronic Disease self-management. These outcomes will fill a gap in the knowledge and resources available to individuals managing a Chronic Disease, their clinicians and other researchers in Chronic Disease and the field of medicine 2.0.
Graham A Colditz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
fruit and vegetable intake and risk of major Chronic Disease
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2004Co-Authors: Hsinchia Hung, Kkaumudi J Joshipura, Stephanie A Smithwarner, Frank B Hu, David J Hunter, Rui Jiang, Bernard Rosner, Graham A Colditz, Donna SpiegelmanAbstract:Background: Studies of fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to overall health are limited. We evaluated the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and the incidence of cardiovascular Disease and cancer and of deaths from other causes in two prospective cohorts. Methods: A total of 71 910 female participants in the Nurses' Health study and 37 725 male participants in the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study who were free of major Chronic Disease completed baseline semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires in 1984 and 1986, respectively. Dietary information was updated in 1986, 1990, and 1994 for women and in 1990 and 1994 for men. Participants were followed up for incidence of cardiovascular Disease, cancer, or death through May 1998 (women) and January 1998 (men). Multivariable-adjusted relative risks were calculated with Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results: We ascertained 9329 events (1964 cardiovascular, 6584 cancer, and 781 other deaths) in women and 4957 events (1670 cardiovascular Diseases, 2500 cancers, and 787 other deaths) in men during follow-up. For men and women combined, participants in the highest quintile of total fruit and vegetable intake had a relative risk for major Chronic Disease of 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89 to 1.01) times that of those in the lowest. Total fruit and vegetable intake was inversely associated with risk of cardiovascular Disease but not with overall cancer incidence, with relative risk for an increment of five servings daily of 0.88 (95% CI = 0.81 to 0.95) for cardiovascular Disease and 1.00 (95% CI = 0.95 to 1.05) for cancer. Of the food groups analyzed, green leafy vegetable intake showed the strongest inverse association with major Chronic Disease and cardiovascular Disease. For an increment of one serving per day of green leafy vegetables, relative risks were 0.95 (95% CI = 0.92 to 0.99) for major Chronic Disease and 0.89 (95% CI = 0.83 to 0.96) for cardiovascular Disease. Conclusions: Increased fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with a modest although not statistically significant reduction in the development of major Chronic Disease. The benefits appeared to be primarily for cardiovascular Disease and not for cancer.
-
diet quality and major Chronic Disease risk in men and women moving toward improved dietary guidance
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2002Co-Authors: Marjorie L Mccullough, Donna Spiegelman, David J Hunter, Eric B Rimm, Edward Giovannucci, Meir J Stampfer, Diane Feskanich, Graham A ColditzAbstract:Background: Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, measured with the US Department of Agriculture Healthy Eating Index (HEI), was associated with only a small reduction in major Chronic Disease risk. Research suggests that greater reductions in risk are possible with more specific guidance. Objective: We evaluated whether 2 alternate measures of diet quality, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and the Recommended Food Score (RFS), would predict Chronic Disease risk reduction more effectively than did the HEI. Design: A total of 38 615 men from the Health Professional’s Follow-up Study and 67 271 women from the Nurses’ Health Study completed dietary questionnaires. Major Chronic Disease was defined as the initial occurrence of cardiovascular Disease (CVD), cancer, or nontraumatic death during 8‐12 y of follow-up. Results: High AHEI scores were associated with significant reductions in risk of major Chronic Disease in men [multivariate relative risk (RR): 0.80; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.91] and in women (RR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.96) when comparing the highest and lowest quintiles. Reductions in risk were particularly strong for CVD in men (RR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.75) and in women (RR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.86). In men but not in women, the RFS predicted risk of major Chronic Disease (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.04) and CVD (RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.93). Conclusions: The AHEI predicted Chronic Disease risk better than did the RFS (or the HEI, in our previous research) primarily because of a strong inverse association with CVD. Dietary guidelines can be improved by providing more specific and comprehensive advice. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:1261‐71.
-
adherence to the dietary guidelines for americans and risk of major Chronic Disease in women
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000Co-Authors: Marjorie L Mccullough, David J Hunter, Bernard Rosner, Meir J Stampfer, Diane Feskanich, Jayachandran N Variyam, Graham A ColditzAbstract:Background Little is known about the overall health effects of adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The healthy eating index (HEI), developed at the US Department of Agriculture, measures how well Americans' diets conform to these guidelines. Objective We tested whether the HEI (scores range from 0 to 100; 100 is best) calculated from food-frequency questionnaires (HEI-f) would predict risk of major Chronic Disease in women. Design A total of 67272 US female nurses who were free of major Disease completed detailed questionnaires on diet and Chronic Disease risk factors in 1984 and repeatedly over 12 y. Major Chronic Disease was defined as fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular Disease (myocardial infarction or stroke, n = 1365), fatal or nonfatal cancer (n = 5216), or other nontraumatic deaths (n = 496), whichever came first. We also examined cardiovascular Disease and cancer as separate outcomes. Results After adjustment for smoking and other risk factors, the HEI-f score was not associated with risk of overall major Chronic Disease in women [relative risk (RR) = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.06 comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of HEI-f score]. Being in the highest HEI-f quintile was associated with a 14% reduction in cardiovascular Disease risk (RR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.72, 1. 03) and was not associated with lower cancer risk (RR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.12). Conclusion These data suggest that adherence to the 1995 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, as measured by the HEI-f, will have limited benefit in preventing major Chronic Disease in women.
Donna Spiegelman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
fruit and vegetable intake and risk of major Chronic Disease
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2004Co-Authors: Hsinchia Hung, Kkaumudi J Joshipura, Stephanie A Smithwarner, Frank B Hu, David J Hunter, Rui Jiang, Bernard Rosner, Graham A Colditz, Donna SpiegelmanAbstract:Background: Studies of fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to overall health are limited. We evaluated the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and the incidence of cardiovascular Disease and cancer and of deaths from other causes in two prospective cohorts. Methods: A total of 71 910 female participants in the Nurses' Health study and 37 725 male participants in the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study who were free of major Chronic Disease completed baseline semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires in 1984 and 1986, respectively. Dietary information was updated in 1986, 1990, and 1994 for women and in 1990 and 1994 for men. Participants were followed up for incidence of cardiovascular Disease, cancer, or death through May 1998 (women) and January 1998 (men). Multivariable-adjusted relative risks were calculated with Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results: We ascertained 9329 events (1964 cardiovascular, 6584 cancer, and 781 other deaths) in women and 4957 events (1670 cardiovascular Diseases, 2500 cancers, and 787 other deaths) in men during follow-up. For men and women combined, participants in the highest quintile of total fruit and vegetable intake had a relative risk for major Chronic Disease of 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89 to 1.01) times that of those in the lowest. Total fruit and vegetable intake was inversely associated with risk of cardiovascular Disease but not with overall cancer incidence, with relative risk for an increment of five servings daily of 0.88 (95% CI = 0.81 to 0.95) for cardiovascular Disease and 1.00 (95% CI = 0.95 to 1.05) for cancer. Of the food groups analyzed, green leafy vegetable intake showed the strongest inverse association with major Chronic Disease and cardiovascular Disease. For an increment of one serving per day of green leafy vegetables, relative risks were 0.95 (95% CI = 0.92 to 0.99) for major Chronic Disease and 0.89 (95% CI = 0.83 to 0.96) for cardiovascular Disease. Conclusions: Increased fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with a modest although not statistically significant reduction in the development of major Chronic Disease. The benefits appeared to be primarily for cardiovascular Disease and not for cancer.
-
joint association of alcohol and folate intake with risk of major Chronic Disease in women
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2003Co-Authors: Rui Jiang, Donna Spiegelman, Eric B Rimm, Edward Giovannucci, Meir J Stampfer, Bernard RosnerAbstract:Alcohol interferes with folate metabolism and has opposing effects on the risks of cardiovascular Disease and cancer. The authors examined the joint association of alcohol and folate intake with risk of major Chronic Disease, defined as fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular Disease or cancer, or other nontraumatic death. This study included 83,929 women aged 34–59 years with no previous history of cardiovascular Disease or cancer who provided dietary data in 1980. During 16 years of follow-up, the authors documented 10,666 new cases of major Chronic Disease. Overall, heavy drinkers (>30 g/day) with a lower total folate intake (<180 µg/day) had the highest risk; in comparison with abstainers with a folate intake of 400–599 µg/day, the multivariate relative risk was 1.36 (95% confidence interval: 1.10, 1.70). However, the increased risk of major Chronic Disease associated with heavy drinking was largely diminished among women with a higher folate intake (p for interaction = 0.02). The positive association between heavy alcohol/low folate intake and risk of major Chronic Disease was most apparent among women younger than age 60 years. Adequate folate intake may be important in the primary prevention of overall major Chronic Disease in women, especially among younger women consuming more than two alcoholic drinks per day.
-
diet quality and major Chronic Disease risk in men and women moving toward improved dietary guidance
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2002Co-Authors: Marjorie L Mccullough, Donna Spiegelman, David J Hunter, Eric B Rimm, Edward Giovannucci, Meir J Stampfer, Diane Feskanich, Graham A ColditzAbstract:Background: Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, measured with the US Department of Agriculture Healthy Eating Index (HEI), was associated with only a small reduction in major Chronic Disease risk. Research suggests that greater reductions in risk are possible with more specific guidance. Objective: We evaluated whether 2 alternate measures of diet quality, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and the Recommended Food Score (RFS), would predict Chronic Disease risk reduction more effectively than did the HEI. Design: A total of 38 615 men from the Health Professional’s Follow-up Study and 67 271 women from the Nurses’ Health Study completed dietary questionnaires. Major Chronic Disease was defined as the initial occurrence of cardiovascular Disease (CVD), cancer, or nontraumatic death during 8‐12 y of follow-up. Results: High AHEI scores were associated with significant reductions in risk of major Chronic Disease in men [multivariate relative risk (RR): 0.80; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.91] and in women (RR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.96) when comparing the highest and lowest quintiles. Reductions in risk were particularly strong for CVD in men (RR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.75) and in women (RR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.86). In men but not in women, the RFS predicted risk of major Chronic Disease (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.04) and CVD (RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.93). Conclusions: The AHEI predicted Chronic Disease risk better than did the RFS (or the HEI, in our previous research) primarily because of a strong inverse association with CVD. Dietary guidelines can be improved by providing more specific and comprehensive advice. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:1261‐71.
