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Charles S. Henry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an important afro asian biological control agent Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi neuroptera chrysopidae invades the new world
Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 2021Co-Authors: Zoe Mandese, Peter Duelli, Katherine L Taylor, Adrien Gallou, Charles S. HenryAbstract:Climates around the world are rapidly turning warmer and often drier. Agricultural approaches must change accordingly. One important global practice is commercial use of cryptic species of the Chrysoperla carnea-group of green lacewings to control arthropod pests. Recently, one highly drought-tolerant species, originally present only in the Old World, is suspected of expanding its range to some of the driest habitats in the New World. Here we examine putative specimens of this species, Chrysoperla zastrowi (Esben-Petersen, 1928), collected in the desert southwest of the United States, the parched northwest of Mexico, and Guatemala. Using species-specific vibrational duetting-song phenotypes, subtle morphological character states, and mitochondrial DNA sequences, we confirm that C. zastrowi is now a naturalized part of the lacewing fauna of the Americas, making it the only species of the carnea-group to have a truly global range. As such, we encourage its broader commercial use for pest control on irrigated agricultural systems in the hotter, drier regions of the world to which it is best adapted and within which it now appears to be fully naturalized. We briefly consider future range expansion of both subspecies of C. zastrowi, C. z. zastrowi, and C. z. sillemi, in response to continued global warming.Graphical Abstract
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singing from the grave dna from a 180 year old type specimen confirms the identity of Chrysoperla carnea stephens
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Benjamin W Price, Peter Duelli, Atsushi Mochizuki, Charles S. Henry, Andie Hall, Stephen J BrooksAbstract:Historically serving as repositories for morphologically-based taxonomic research, natural history collections are now increasingly being targeted in studies utilizing DNA data. The development of advanced molecular techniques has facilitated extraction of useable DNA from old specimens, including type material. Sequencing diagnostic molecular markers from type material enables accurate species designation, especially where modern taxonomic hypotheses confirm morphologically cryptic species complexes. One such example is Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), which belongs to a complex of about 20 cryptic species, most of which can only be reliably distinguished by their pre-mating courtship songs or by DNA analysis. The subtle morphological variation in the group has led to disagreement over the previous designation of the lectotype for C. carnea, an issue that has been further compounded because Chrysoperla carnea is a highly valued biological control agent in arable crops. Archival DNA extraction and sequencing from the 180 year old lectotype specimen, combined with Bayesian and Likelihood based phylogenetic analyses of modern specimens from the entire complex, were used to establish unambiguously the true identity of Chrysoperla carnea.
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a new east asian species in the Chrysoperla carnea group of cryptic lacewing species neuroptera chrysopidae based on distinct larval morphology and a unique courtship song
Zootaxa, 2015Co-Authors: Charles S. Henry, Stephen J Brooks, Naoto Haruyama, Peter Duelli, James B. Johnson, Atsushi MochizukiAbstract:Larval morphology and substrate-borne vibrational courtship songs have been hypothesized to distinguish and isolate Chrysoperla ‘nipponensis-B’ from true ‘Type A’ Chrysoperla nipponensis (Okamoto), both of which occur sympatrically in eastern Asia. Here, we formally describe C. ‘nipponensis-B’ as Chrysoperla nigrocapitata sp.n., based on populations sampled throughout Japan and at two sites in South Korea. Behavioral playback experiments show that males and females of each species reject the duetting songs of non-conspecifics, supporting the existence in nature of strong premating reproductive isolation between the two species. Detailed morphological analysis substantiates that the adults of the two species are nearly identical. However, the dorsum of the larval head of C. nigrocapitata is usually darkly and heavily pigmented, in striking contrast to the condition seen in C. nipponensis; if available, it is probably the best trait for distinguishing the two species morphologically. Other aspects of life history, ecology, geographic distribution, and molecular systematics of the new species are briefly considered.
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A new cryptic species of the Chrysoperla carnea group (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from western Asia: parallel speciation without ecological adaptation
Systematic Entomology, 2014Co-Authors: Charles S. Henry, Stephen J Brooks, Atsushi Mochizuki, James B. Johnson, Peter DuelliAbstract:Parallel (or convergent) evolution of vibrational mating songs between species confined to different continents has been found several times in the Chrysoperla carnea species-group of cryptic (morphologically indistinguishable) green lacewings. Repeated parallel speciation resulting in taxa that differ in duetting songs but not in appearance or ecology suggests an atypical mode of speciation, one that need not involve ecological adaptation. Here we describe an additional example of convergent song phenotypes reflecting parallel nonadaptive speciation, between the common North American species Chrysoperla plorabunda (Fitch) and a newly discovered species that appears to be widespread in western Asia. To support the hypothesis of parallel evolution, we describe the song of the new species in detail, comparing it to that of C. plorabunda and demonstrate their acoustical similarity. Results of song playback trials are then presented, showing that the songs are also functionally (behaviourally) indistinguishable between individuals of both species and could not prevent hybridisation if the two species were sympatric. We demonstrate that the new species is very similar in morphology and ecology not only to C. plorabunda, but also to at least four other species in the carnea-group that co-occur with it in western Asia. To reject the alternative hypothesis that C. plorabunda and the new species are alike simply due to common ancestry, we show that they occupy relatively distant positions in a phylogenetic analysis of 4630 base pairs of protein-coding mitochondrial DNA. We then formally describe the new species as Chrysoperla heidarii sp.n., including with this description observations of its behaviour, ecology and life history. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:60C0FFC5-92B9-4C20-9FDF-561EB2764F16.
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a new look at adaptive body coloration and color change in common green lacewings of the genus Chrysoperla neuroptera chrysopidae
Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 2014Co-Authors: Peter Duelli, Mario Waldburger, James B. Johnson, Charles S. HenryAbstract:Green lacewings in the genus Chrysoperla are not always green. They can be yellow (autosomal recessive mutant); change from whitish-yellow to green as young adults; or temporarily turn yellowish, reddish, or brown during diapause. New findings on a yellow mutant in a natural population in southern California and on species-specific diapause coloration are presented, old findings are reviewed, and the adaptive value of color variability and color change in the genus is discussed.
Miklós Tóth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phenylacetaldehyde: A chemical attractant for common green lacewings (Chrysoperla carnea s.l., Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
European Journal of Endocrinology, 2020Co-Authors: Miklós Tóth, Ferenc Szentkiralyi, András Bozsik, Agostino Letardi, Maria Rosaria Tabilio, Marcello Verdinelli, Pietro Zandigiacomo, Judit Jekisa, István SzarukánAbstract:Keywords. Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysoperla, green lacewings, attractant, phenylacetaldehyde Abstract. At five sites in Hungary and Italy, traps baited with phenylacetaldehyde caught significantly higher numbers (10 to 100 times more) of green lacewings than unbaited traps, which demonstrates that this compound is an attractant. Traps with three bait dispensers usually caught more than those with one dispenser, but the difference was significant only at two out of five test sites. There was no difference in the numbers caught by sticky delta and funnel traps baited with phenylacetaldehyde. However, funnel traps could be adapted to catch living green lacewings. The vast majority of the specimens belonged to the Chrysoperla carnea spe- cies complex. Ch. carnea sensu lato dominated the catches at all sites. At some sites 3-11% of the insects caught were Ch. lucasina Lacroix. Phenylacetaldehyde-baited traps were attractive to both sexes, but generally more females were caught than males. Funnel traps baited with three dispensers of phenylacetaldehyde caught green lacewing adults throughout the season in Hungary.
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New perspectives for simultaneous attraction of Chrysoperla and Chrysopa lacewing species for enhanced biological control (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Scientific Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Sandor Koczor, Ferenc Szentkiralyi, Miklós TóthAbstract:Green lacewings (Chrysopidae) are important predators of many soft-bodied pest insects, for instance aphids. Previous studies reported attraction of Chrysoperla carnea species-complex to a ternary floral bait. The larvae of these lacewings are important generalist predators in agroecosystems, however adults are non-predatory, they feed on pollen, nectar or honeydew. Squalene, a plant originated compound was previously reported to be attractive to the nearctic Chrysopa nigricornis . In the current study squalene was tested alone and in combination with the ternary bait in field experiments in Hungary. In our experiments, traps baited with squalene attracted predatory males of Chrysopa formosa . Traps baited with squalene and the ternary floral bait attracted adults of both C . formosa and C . carnea complex lacewings. To our knowledge this is the first report of a bait combination attractive to both Chrysoperla and Chrysopa species. This finding is of special interest considering the remarkably different feeding habits of the adults of these lacewings. Potential perspectives in biological control are discussed.
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attraction of Chrysoperla carnea complex and chrysopa spp lacewings neuroptera chrysopidae to aphid sex pheromone components and a synthetic blend of floral compounds in hungary
Pest Management Science, 2010Co-Authors: Sandor Koczor, Ferenc Szentkiralyi, Erzsebet Voigt, Michael Alexander Birkett, Miklós TóthAbstract:BACKGROUND: The deployment of synthetic attractants for the manipulation of lacewing populations as aphid predators is currently used in integrated pest management. This study investigates a synthetic bait comprising floral compounds previously found to attract the Chrysoperla carnea complex, and, for the first time, the aphid sex pheromone components (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol and (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone, in field experiments in Hungary, for their ability to manipulate lacewing populations. RESULTS: The synthetic floral bait attracted both sexes of the Chrysoperla carnea complex, and Chrysopa formosa Brauer showed minimal attraction. The aphid sex pheromone compounds alone attracted males of C. formosa and C. pallens (Rambur). When the two baits were combined, Chrysopa catches were similar to those with aphid sex pheromone baits alone, but carnea complex catches decreased significantly (by 85–88%). CONCLUSION: As the floral bait alone attracted both sexes of the carnea complex, it showed potential to manipulate the location of larval density via altering the site of oviposition. Aphid sex pheromone compounds alone attracted predatory males of Chrysopa spp. and can potentially be used to enhance biological control of aphids. For the carnea complex, however, a combination of both baits is not advantageous because of the decrease in adults attracted. Assumptions of intraguild avoidance underlying this phenomenon are discussed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Peter Duelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an important afro asian biological control agent Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi neuroptera chrysopidae invades the new world
Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 2021Co-Authors: Zoe Mandese, Peter Duelli, Katherine L Taylor, Adrien Gallou, Charles S. HenryAbstract:Climates around the world are rapidly turning warmer and often drier. Agricultural approaches must change accordingly. One important global practice is commercial use of cryptic species of the Chrysoperla carnea-group of green lacewings to control arthropod pests. Recently, one highly drought-tolerant species, originally present only in the Old World, is suspected of expanding its range to some of the driest habitats in the New World. Here we examine putative specimens of this species, Chrysoperla zastrowi (Esben-Petersen, 1928), collected in the desert southwest of the United States, the parched northwest of Mexico, and Guatemala. Using species-specific vibrational duetting-song phenotypes, subtle morphological character states, and mitochondrial DNA sequences, we confirm that C. zastrowi is now a naturalized part of the lacewing fauna of the Americas, making it the only species of the carnea-group to have a truly global range. As such, we encourage its broader commercial use for pest control on irrigated agricultural systems in the hotter, drier regions of the world to which it is best adapted and within which it now appears to be fully naturalized. We briefly consider future range expansion of both subspecies of C. zastrowi, C. z. zastrowi, and C. z. sillemi, in response to continued global warming.Graphical Abstract
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singing from the grave dna from a 180 year old type specimen confirms the identity of Chrysoperla carnea stephens
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Benjamin W Price, Peter Duelli, Atsushi Mochizuki, Charles S. Henry, Andie Hall, Stephen J BrooksAbstract:Historically serving as repositories for morphologically-based taxonomic research, natural history collections are now increasingly being targeted in studies utilizing DNA data. The development of advanced molecular techniques has facilitated extraction of useable DNA from old specimens, including type material. Sequencing diagnostic molecular markers from type material enables accurate species designation, especially where modern taxonomic hypotheses confirm morphologically cryptic species complexes. One such example is Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), which belongs to a complex of about 20 cryptic species, most of which can only be reliably distinguished by their pre-mating courtship songs or by DNA analysis. The subtle morphological variation in the group has led to disagreement over the previous designation of the lectotype for C. carnea, an issue that has been further compounded because Chrysoperla carnea is a highly valued biological control agent in arable crops. Archival DNA extraction and sequencing from the 180 year old lectotype specimen, combined with Bayesian and Likelihood based phylogenetic analyses of modern specimens from the entire complex, were used to establish unambiguously the true identity of Chrysoperla carnea.
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a new east asian species in the Chrysoperla carnea group of cryptic lacewing species neuroptera chrysopidae based on distinct larval morphology and a unique courtship song
Zootaxa, 2015Co-Authors: Charles S. Henry, Stephen J Brooks, Naoto Haruyama, Peter Duelli, James B. Johnson, Atsushi MochizukiAbstract:Larval morphology and substrate-borne vibrational courtship songs have been hypothesized to distinguish and isolate Chrysoperla ‘nipponensis-B’ from true ‘Type A’ Chrysoperla nipponensis (Okamoto), both of which occur sympatrically in eastern Asia. Here, we formally describe C. ‘nipponensis-B’ as Chrysoperla nigrocapitata sp.n., based on populations sampled throughout Japan and at two sites in South Korea. Behavioral playback experiments show that males and females of each species reject the duetting songs of non-conspecifics, supporting the existence in nature of strong premating reproductive isolation between the two species. Detailed morphological analysis substantiates that the adults of the two species are nearly identical. However, the dorsum of the larval head of C. nigrocapitata is usually darkly and heavily pigmented, in striking contrast to the condition seen in C. nipponensis; if available, it is probably the best trait for distinguishing the two species morphologically. Other aspects of life history, ecology, geographic distribution, and molecular systematics of the new species are briefly considered.
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A new cryptic species of the Chrysoperla carnea group (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from western Asia: parallel speciation without ecological adaptation
Systematic Entomology, 2014Co-Authors: Charles S. Henry, Stephen J Brooks, Atsushi Mochizuki, James B. Johnson, Peter DuelliAbstract:Parallel (or convergent) evolution of vibrational mating songs between species confined to different continents has been found several times in the Chrysoperla carnea species-group of cryptic (morphologically indistinguishable) green lacewings. Repeated parallel speciation resulting in taxa that differ in duetting songs but not in appearance or ecology suggests an atypical mode of speciation, one that need not involve ecological adaptation. Here we describe an additional example of convergent song phenotypes reflecting parallel nonadaptive speciation, between the common North American species Chrysoperla plorabunda (Fitch) and a newly discovered species that appears to be widespread in western Asia. To support the hypothesis of parallel evolution, we describe the song of the new species in detail, comparing it to that of C. plorabunda and demonstrate their acoustical similarity. Results of song playback trials are then presented, showing that the songs are also functionally (behaviourally) indistinguishable between individuals of both species and could not prevent hybridisation if the two species were sympatric. We demonstrate that the new species is very similar in morphology and ecology not only to C. plorabunda, but also to at least four other species in the carnea-group that co-occur with it in western Asia. To reject the alternative hypothesis that C. plorabunda and the new species are alike simply due to common ancestry, we show that they occupy relatively distant positions in a phylogenetic analysis of 4630 base pairs of protein-coding mitochondrial DNA. We then formally describe the new species as Chrysoperla heidarii sp.n., including with this description observations of its behaviour, ecology and life history. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:60C0FFC5-92B9-4C20-9FDF-561EB2764F16.
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a new look at adaptive body coloration and color change in common green lacewings of the genus Chrysoperla neuroptera chrysopidae
Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 2014Co-Authors: Peter Duelli, Mario Waldburger, James B. Johnson, Charles S. HenryAbstract:Green lacewings in the genus Chrysoperla are not always green. They can be yellow (autosomal recessive mutant); change from whitish-yellow to green as young adults; or temporarily turn yellowish, reddish, or brown during diapause. New findings on a yellow mutant in a natural population in southern California and on species-specific diapause coloration are presented, old findings are reviewed, and the adaptive value of color variability and color change in the genus is discussed.
Stephen J Brooks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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singing from the grave dna from a 180 year old type specimen confirms the identity of Chrysoperla carnea stephens
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Benjamin W Price, Peter Duelli, Atsushi Mochizuki, Charles S. Henry, Andie Hall, Stephen J BrooksAbstract:Historically serving as repositories for morphologically-based taxonomic research, natural history collections are now increasingly being targeted in studies utilizing DNA data. The development of advanced molecular techniques has facilitated extraction of useable DNA from old specimens, including type material. Sequencing diagnostic molecular markers from type material enables accurate species designation, especially where modern taxonomic hypotheses confirm morphologically cryptic species complexes. One such example is Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), which belongs to a complex of about 20 cryptic species, most of which can only be reliably distinguished by their pre-mating courtship songs or by DNA analysis. The subtle morphological variation in the group has led to disagreement over the previous designation of the lectotype for C. carnea, an issue that has been further compounded because Chrysoperla carnea is a highly valued biological control agent in arable crops. Archival DNA extraction and sequencing from the 180 year old lectotype specimen, combined with Bayesian and Likelihood based phylogenetic analyses of modern specimens from the entire complex, were used to establish unambiguously the true identity of Chrysoperla carnea.
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a new east asian species in the Chrysoperla carnea group of cryptic lacewing species neuroptera chrysopidae based on distinct larval morphology and a unique courtship song
Zootaxa, 2015Co-Authors: Charles S. Henry, Stephen J Brooks, Naoto Haruyama, Peter Duelli, James B. Johnson, Atsushi MochizukiAbstract:Larval morphology and substrate-borne vibrational courtship songs have been hypothesized to distinguish and isolate Chrysoperla ‘nipponensis-B’ from true ‘Type A’ Chrysoperla nipponensis (Okamoto), both of which occur sympatrically in eastern Asia. Here, we formally describe C. ‘nipponensis-B’ as Chrysoperla nigrocapitata sp.n., based on populations sampled throughout Japan and at two sites in South Korea. Behavioral playback experiments show that males and females of each species reject the duetting songs of non-conspecifics, supporting the existence in nature of strong premating reproductive isolation between the two species. Detailed morphological analysis substantiates that the adults of the two species are nearly identical. However, the dorsum of the larval head of C. nigrocapitata is usually darkly and heavily pigmented, in striking contrast to the condition seen in C. nipponensis; if available, it is probably the best trait for distinguishing the two species morphologically. Other aspects of life history, ecology, geographic distribution, and molecular systematics of the new species are briefly considered.
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A new cryptic species of the Chrysoperla carnea group (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from western Asia: parallel speciation without ecological adaptation
Systematic Entomology, 2014Co-Authors: Charles S. Henry, Stephen J Brooks, Atsushi Mochizuki, James B. Johnson, Peter DuelliAbstract:Parallel (or convergent) evolution of vibrational mating songs between species confined to different continents has been found several times in the Chrysoperla carnea species-group of cryptic (morphologically indistinguishable) green lacewings. Repeated parallel speciation resulting in taxa that differ in duetting songs but not in appearance or ecology suggests an atypical mode of speciation, one that need not involve ecological adaptation. Here we describe an additional example of convergent song phenotypes reflecting parallel nonadaptive speciation, between the common North American species Chrysoperla plorabunda (Fitch) and a newly discovered species that appears to be widespread in western Asia. To support the hypothesis of parallel evolution, we describe the song of the new species in detail, comparing it to that of C. plorabunda and demonstrate their acoustical similarity. Results of song playback trials are then presented, showing that the songs are also functionally (behaviourally) indistinguishable between individuals of both species and could not prevent hybridisation if the two species were sympatric. We demonstrate that the new species is very similar in morphology and ecology not only to C. plorabunda, but also to at least four other species in the carnea-group that co-occur with it in western Asia. To reject the alternative hypothesis that C. plorabunda and the new species are alike simply due to common ancestry, we show that they occupy relatively distant positions in a phylogenetic analysis of 4630 base pairs of protein-coding mitochondrial DNA. We then formally describe the new species as Chrysoperla heidarii sp.n., including with this description observations of its behaviour, ecology and life history. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:60C0FFC5-92B9-4C20-9FDF-561EB2764F16.
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phylogeny of the green lacewing Chrysoperla nipponensis species complex neuroptera chrysopidae in china based on mitochondrial sequences and aflp data
Insect Science, 2012Co-Authors: Stephen J Brooks, Atsushi Mochizuki, Ruie Nie, Zhiqi Liu, Xingke YangAbstract:Abstract Several studies have indicated that the green lacewing, Chrysoperla nipponensis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) may include more than one valid species. We investigated the phylogenetic status of Chrysoperla nipponensis s.l. in China and Japan using mitochondrial sequences and AFLP data. The molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial genes showed that the C. nipponensis species-complex comprises four clades, each having high support values. In addition, the phylogenetic tree based on AFLP data indicates that the species-complex comprises three groups. These results confirm that C. nipponensis s.l. comprises at least three genetically distinct clades and suggests that two of these clades may be closely related to populations of C. nipponensis in Japan. However, these clades cannot be recognized as species until analysis of their courtship songs has been completed.
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parallel evolution in courtship songs of north american and european green lacewings neuroptera chrysopidae
Biological Journal of The Linnean Society, 2012Co-Authors: Charles S. Henry, Stephen J Brooks, Peter Duelli, James B. Johnson, Marta Martinez Wells, Atsushi MochizukiAbstract:Green lacewings of the Chrysoperla carnea species group use substrate-borne vibrational duetting songs rather than morphology or pheromones for species recognition. Because each of the many cryptic, reproductively isolated song species typically has an extensive geographic range, potentially interfertile biological species are broadly sympatric, and therefore must use distinct regions of acoustic song space if they are to remain reproductively isolated. However, this constraint does not apply to species restricted to different continents, giving rise to the possibility of parallel evolution of song phenotypes between continents. Here we describe a striking example of parallel song evolution, between a known European species, Chrysoperla pallida, and a newly discovered vivid-green North American species, Chrysoperla calocedrii sp. nov. To verify this parallelism, we show that: (1) the songs of the two species have measurably similar multi-volley temporal and frequency structure; (ii) the songs share the same basic genetic pathway; (iii) each species is unable to discriminate between its own and the other's song in playback trials, confirming the acoustic niche overlap; (iv) the two species readily establish normal duets with each other in the lab, leading to copulation and the production of vigorous hybrid progeny bearing an intermediate song phenotype; (v) they have distinct morphologies in both adults and larvae, suggesting different adaptive responses and therefore independent evolutionary histories; and (vi) they occupy relatively distant positions in a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of 4630 bp of protein-coding mitochondrial DNA, rejecting the alternative hypothesis of similarity through recent common ancestry. We include a formal description of C. calocedrii sp. nov. as a new species, and provide additional observations of its behaviour, ecology, and life history. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 105, 776–796.
Sarfraz Ali Shad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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resistance its stability and reversion rate of resistance to imidacloprid indoxacarb and chlorfenapyr in a field population of green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea stephens neuroptera chrysopidae
Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 2019Co-Authors: Muhammad Mudassir Mansoor, Sarfraz Ali ShadAbstract:Green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a valuable bio-control agent that predates over various insect pests with high efficacy. It has developed considerable res...
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fitness cost and realized heritability of resistance to spinosad in Chrysoperla carnea neuroptera chrysopidae
Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2014Co-Authors: Naeem Abbas, Muhammad Mudassir Mansoor, Attaullah Khan Pathan, Sarfraz Ali Shad, Muhammad Razaq, Ajmal Waheed, Masood Ejaz, M A ZulfiqarAbstract:The common green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea is a key biological control agent employed in integrated pest management (IPM) programs for managing various insect pests. Spinosad is used for the management of pests in ornamental plants, fruit trees, vegetable and field crops all over the world, including Pakistan. A field-collected population of C. carnea was selected with spinosad and fitness costs and realized heritability were investigated. After selection for five generations, C. carnea developed 12.65- and 73.37-fold resistance to spinosad compared to the field and UNSEL populations. The resistant population had a relative fitness of 1.47, with substantially higher emergence rate of healthy adults, fecundity and hatchability and shorter larval duration, pupal duration, and development time as compared to a susceptible laboratory population. Mean relative growth rate of larvae, intrinsic rate of natural population increase and biotic potential was higher for the spinosad-selected population compared to the susceptible laboratory population. Chrysoperla species are known to show resistance to insecticides which makes the predator compatible with most IPM systems. The realized heritability (h 2) value of spinosad resistance was 0.37 in spinosad-selected population of C. carnea.
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Increased fitness and realized heritability in emamectin benzoate-resistant Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Ecotoxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Muhammad Mudassir Mansoor, Attaullah Khan Pathan, Sarfraz Ali Shad, Naeem Abbas, Muhammad RazaqAbstract:The common green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea is a key biological control agent employed in integrated pest management (IPM) programs for managing various insect pests. A field collected population of C. carnea was selected for emamectin benzoate resistance in the laboratory and fitness costs and realized heritability were investigated. After five generations of selection with emamectin benzoate, C. carnea developed a 318-fold resistance to the insecticide. The resistant population had a relative fitness of 1.49, with substantially higher emergence rate of healthy adults, fecundity and hatchability and shorter larval duration, pupal duration, and development time compared to the susceptible population. Mean population growth rates; such as the intrinsic rate of natural population increase and biotic potential were higher for the emamectin benzoate selected population compared to the susceptible population. The realized heritability ( h ^2) value of emamectin benzoate resistance was 0.34 in emamectin benzoate selected population of C. carnea . Chrysoperla species which show resistance to insecticides makes them compatible with those IPM systems where emamectin benzoate is employed.