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Marilyn G Spalding - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hypopi acari hypoderatidae from the roseate spoonbill aves Ciconiiformes threskiornithidae
Journal of Medical Entomology, 1996Co-Authors: Danny B Pence, Marilyn G SpaldingAbstract:A new species and additional host records for 4 other species of quiescent deutonymphs (hypopi) of mites of the family Hypoderatidae are described from the subcutaneous adipose tissues of a roseate spoonbill, Ajaia ajaja L., in Florida. The hypopus of Phalacrodectes parvus n. sp. most closely resembles that of P. platalea Pence & Duncan from the African spoonbill, Platalea alba Scopali, in idiosomatic chaetotaxy and structure of the genital apparatus. It differs from this and other species of the genus in the shape of the idiosoma, pattern and density of idiosomatic sclerotization, the unique posterior extension of secondary sclerotization from the perigenital area, large size and more posterior location of genital seta gm, and small size and sharp-tipped spinelike structure of seta hT on tibia II. In addition to the new species, this roseate spoonbill also was infected with P. whartoni Fain and 3 other less common species of hypoderatid deutonymphs. A key to the deutonymphs of species in the genus Phalacrodectes is presented.
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mercury in livers of wading birds Ciconiiformes in southern florida
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1994Co-Authors: S F Sundlof, Marilyn G Spalding, J D Wentworth, C K SteibleAbstract:Mercury was measured in livers from 144 wading birds representing seven species collected from four different areas in southern Flordia, including the Everglades National Park. Significant differences in hepatic mercury concentrations were identified between birds collected from different geographic locations, birds of different ages, dietary factors, and relative amounts of body fat. Birds collected from an area encompassing the central Everglades and eastern Florida Bay had significantly greater concentrations of hepatic mercury than did birds from other collection areas. Livers from fledgling and young adult birds contained approximately three times the concentration of mercury as livers from nestling birds. Bird species whose prey base consists of larger fish were found to have approximately four times the hepatic concentration of mercury as did those species which consume smaller fish or crustaceans. Birds with minimal to moderate amounts of body fat had two to three times the concentration of hepatic mercury as birds with relatively abundant body fat reserves. Four great blue herons collected from the central Everglades contained liver mercury at concentrations typically associated with overt neurologic signs (⩾30 μg/g). Between 30% and 80% of potential breeding-age birds collected from this area contained hepatic mercury at concentrations associated with reproductive impairment in ducks and pheasants. These data suggest that declining numbers of nesting ciconiiform birds in Florida may be due, in part, to mecury contamination of their food supply.
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arboviruses in water birds Ciconiiformes pelecaniformes from florida
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 1994Co-Authors: Marilyn G Spalding, Robert G Mclean, James H Burgess, Larry J KirkAbstract:Sera from 360 ciconiform and pelecaniform birds collected in Florida (USA) from 1974 to 1990 were tested for serum neutralizing (SN) antibodies to eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), St. Louis encephalitis (SLE), and Everglades (EVE) viruses. Serum neutralizing antibodies to EEE virus were detected in 2%, to SLE virus in 7%, and to EVE virus in none of the samples. Pelecaniform birds (16%) had a higher antibody prevalence (P < 0.02) for SLE virus than did ciconiform birds (5%). Virus could not be isolated from 67 samples. Nestling birds with SN antibodies to both EEE and SLE viruses were found in both fresh water and marine colonies. Antibodies were more prevalent in adult and fledged juvenile birds than in nestlings.
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sarcocystis sp in wading birds Ciconiiformes from florida
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 1994Co-Authors: Marilyn G Spalding, Carter T Atkinson, Renee E CarletonAbstract:Sarcocysts were found in striated muscle of 21 adult wading birds among 145 examined grossly and 70 examined histologically (calculated prevalence = 24%), and in none of 332 immature wading birds examined from Florida (USA). Six of 12 species of ciconiforms were infected (Ardea herodias, Casmerodius albus, Egretta caerulea, Nyctanassa violacea, Butorides striatus, Eudocimus albus). Cysts were filamentous, usually extended the entire length of the muscle fiber, and were visible grossly in 33% of the positive cases. We concluded from ultrastructural examination of cysts that the same species of Sarcocystis may occur in all species of wading birds in Florida; however, two cyst diameters were noted that appeared to differ in their distribution by host species.
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pathogenesis of eustrongylides ignotus nematoda dioctophymatoidea in Ciconiiformes
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 1993Co-Authors: Marilyn G Spalding, Donald J ForresterAbstract:Natural (n = 157) and experimental (n = 5) infections with the nematode Eustrongylides ignotus are described for ciconiforms collected in Florida (USA). Larvae perforated the ventriculus in 3 to 5 hr and caused hemorrhage and bacterial peritonitis that sometimes progressed to a fibrous peritonitis with extensive adhesions. Severity of the disease was related inversely to the age of the bird and directly to the number of parasites involved. Some infections in adult birds were resolved. As a consequence of eustrongylidosis, anorexia and behavioral abnormalities resulted in emaciation and may have predisposed birds to traumatic death. Host–parasite adaptations apparently were not adequate for nestling ciconiforms as death of nestlings usually occurred before infections become patent (longer than 14 days, less than 23 days). Patent infections were found in both color morphs of the great blue heron (Ardea herodius), and in great egrets (Casmerodius albus) and snowy egrets (Egretta thula). We propose that birds...
Suzana B. Amato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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primeiro registro de syncuaria squamata linstow nematoda acuariidae em biguas phalacrocorax brasilianus gmelin aves phalacrocoracidae no brasil
Revista Brasileira De Zoologia, 2006Co-Authors: Cassandra De Moraes Monteiro, José F. R. Amato, Suzana B. AmatoAbstract:The nematodes of the genus Syncuaria Gilbert, 1927 are parasites of birds of the orders Pelecaniformes, Ciconiiformes, and Podicipediformes. Eleven species are considered valid in this genus, however, two species, Syncuaria buckleyi (Ali, 1957) Wong, Anderson & Bartlett 1986 and Syncuaria squamata (Linstow, 1883) Wong, Anderson & Bartlett, 1986 are parasites of birds of the genus Phalacrocorax Brisson, 1760. Between 1999 and 2003, 47 Neotropical Cormorants, Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Gmelin, 1789) were collected at Lago Guaiba, Municipality of Guaiba, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Eigth of these birds were infected with S. squamata. The prevalence and the mean intensity of infection were 8.5% (8 of 47) and 2.5 helminths/host, respectively. This communication extends the known geographical distribution of nematodes of the genus Syncuaria to Brazil.
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Primeiro registro de Syncuaria squamata (Linstow) (Nematoda, Acuariidae) em biguás, Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Gmelin) (Aves, Phalacrocoracidae) no Brasil First record of Syncuaria squamata (Linstow) (Nematoda, Acuariidae) in Neotropical cormorants P
Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia, 2006Co-Authors: Cassandra M. Monteiro, José F. R. Amato, Suzana B. AmatoAbstract:Os nematóides do gênero Syncuaria Gilbert, 1927 são parasitos de aves das ordens Pelecaniformes, Ciconiiformes e Podicipediformes. Onze espécies são consideradas válidas neste gênero, no entanto, somente duas, Syncuaria buckleyi (Ali, 1957) Wong, Anderson & Bartlett, 1986 e Syncuaria squamata (Linstow, 1883) Wong, Anderson & Bartlett, 1986 parasitam aves do gênero Phalacrocorax Brisson, 1760. Entre 1999 e 2003 foram coletados 47 biguás, Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Gmelin, 1789) no Lago Guaíba, Município de Guaíba, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Oito destas aves estavam infectadas por S. squamata. A prevalência e a intensidade média de infecção na amostra foram de 8,5% (8 de 47) e 2,5 helmintos/hospedeiro, respectivamente. Esta comunicação amplia a distribuição geográfica conhecida dos helmintos do gênero Syncuaria para o Brasil.The nematodes of the genus Syncuaria Gilbert, 1927 are parasites of birds of the orders Pelecaniformes, Ciconiiformes, and Podicipediformes. Eleven species are considered valid in this genus, however, two species, Syncuaria buckleyi (Ali, 1957) Wong, Anderson & Bartlett 1986 and Syncuaria squamata (Linstow, 1883) Wong, Anderson & Bartlett, 1986 are parasites of birds of the genus Phalacrocorax Brisson, 1760. Between 1999 and 2003, 47 Neotropical Cormorants, Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Gmelin, 1789) were collected at Lago Guaíba, Municipality of Guaíba, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Eigth of these birds were infected with S. squamata. The prevalence and the mean intensity of infection were 8.5% (8 of 47) and 2.5 helminths/host, respectively. This communication extends the known geographical distribution of nematodes of the genus Syncuaria to Brazil
C K Steible - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mercury in livers of wading birds Ciconiiformes in southern florida
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1994Co-Authors: S F Sundlof, Marilyn G Spalding, J D Wentworth, C K SteibleAbstract:Mercury was measured in livers from 144 wading birds representing seven species collected from four different areas in southern Flordia, including the Everglades National Park. Significant differences in hepatic mercury concentrations were identified between birds collected from different geographic locations, birds of different ages, dietary factors, and relative amounts of body fat. Birds collected from an area encompassing the central Everglades and eastern Florida Bay had significantly greater concentrations of hepatic mercury than did birds from other collection areas. Livers from fledgling and young adult birds contained approximately three times the concentration of mercury as livers from nestling birds. Bird species whose prey base consists of larger fish were found to have approximately four times the hepatic concentration of mercury as did those species which consume smaller fish or crustaceans. Birds with minimal to moderate amounts of body fat had two to three times the concentration of hepatic mercury as birds with relatively abundant body fat reserves. Four great blue herons collected from the central Everglades contained liver mercury at concentrations typically associated with overt neurologic signs (⩾30 μg/g). Between 30% and 80% of potential breeding-age birds collected from this area contained hepatic mercury at concentrations associated with reproductive impairment in ducks and pheasants. These data suggest that declining numbers of nesting ciconiiform birds in Florida may be due, in part, to mecury contamination of their food supply.
Danny B Pence - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hypopi acari hypoderatidae from the roseate spoonbill aves Ciconiiformes threskiornithidae
Journal of Medical Entomology, 1996Co-Authors: Danny B Pence, Marilyn G SpaldingAbstract:A new species and additional host records for 4 other species of quiescent deutonymphs (hypopi) of mites of the family Hypoderatidae are described from the subcutaneous adipose tissues of a roseate spoonbill, Ajaia ajaja L., in Florida. The hypopus of Phalacrodectes parvus n. sp. most closely resembles that of P. platalea Pence & Duncan from the African spoonbill, Platalea alba Scopali, in idiosomatic chaetotaxy and structure of the genital apparatus. It differs from this and other species of the genus in the shape of the idiosoma, pattern and density of idiosomatic sclerotization, the unique posterior extension of secondary sclerotization from the perigenital area, large size and more posterior location of genital seta gm, and small size and sharp-tipped spinelike structure of seta hT on tibia II. In addition to the new species, this roseate spoonbill also was infected with P. whartoni Fain and 3 other less common species of hypoderatid deutonymphs. A key to the deutonymphs of species in the genus Phalacrodectes is presented.
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hypopi acari hypoderatidae of the wood stork aves Ciconiiformes ciconiidae
Journal of Medical Entomology, 1995Co-Authors: Danny B Pence, Nancy J ThomasAbstract:A new species is described and additional host records are presented for 2 other species of deutonymphs of the family Hypoderatidae from the subcutaneous adipose tissues of the wood stork, Mycteria americana L. Phalacrodectes (Phalacrodectes) mycteria n. sp. appears to share affinities with species from both pelicaniform and ciconiiform hosts, but it most closely resembles P. (P.) punctatissimus (Cerny) Pence & Courtney from pelicans in idiosomal chaetotaxy, cuticular sclerotization, and posteriorly divergent, widely separated genital openings. The new species differs from this and other species of the genus by its small size, the degree of separation of the genital openings with papillae, no secondary sclerotization in the perigenital area or surrounding the genital openings, and the long filiform setae s and w on genu III. There was a mixed infection of Neottialges kutzeri Fain and N. mycteriae Pence in all of 7 wood storks examined from Florida and Georgia ; P. (P.) mycteria was found in 4 of these hosts. This is the 7th species described as a deutonymph in the genus Phalacrodectes. The apparent close affinity of P. (P.) mycteria with P. (P.) punctatissimus and allied species from pelicaniform versus ciconiiform birds appears to be inconsistent with the established host-parasite relationships based on classical avian taxonomic relationships. However, this apparent affinity may be more reflective of the close relationships between the families of pelicans, ibises and spoonbills, and storks as recently proposed by DNA-DNA hybridization studies.
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hypopi acari hypoderatidae from subcutaneous tissues of the african spoonbill aves Ciconiiformes threskiornithidae
Journal of Medical Entomology, 1995Co-Authors: Danny B Pence, Mary DuncanAbstract:Two new species and a new host record for two additional species of deutonymphs of the family Hypoderatidae are described from subcutaneous adipose tissues of a captive African spoonbill, Platalea alba Scopali. Phalacrodectes (Phalacroclectes) platalea Pence & Duncan, n. sp. most closely resembles P. (P.) whartoni Fain and P. (P.) pelecani Pence & Courtney in chaetotaxy and cuticular sclerotization, but it differs by having secondary perigenital sclerotization surrounding the genital openings and parallel genital papillae. P. (P.) schoutedeni Fain is reexamined for the first time since its original description, which was based on a single specimen from a cormorant; we believe the affinity of this species is closer to those infecting ibises and spoonbills and that the former record was a case of accidental host capture among birds sharing the same rookery. A new host record is established for Neottialges platalea Fain & Laurence from the African spoonbill. The heavy idiosomal sclerotization, incomplete genital apodeme, and long dorsal setae differentiate Neottialges intermedius Pence & Duncan, n. sp. from all other species in the genus. Because this suite of characters was previously used to separate the three subgenera of the genus Neottialges , we propose that Neottialges, Caloenectes , and Pelecanectes should now be considered invalid subgeneric taxa.
Donald J Forrester - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the epizootiology of eustrongylidosis in wading birds Ciconiiformes in florida
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 1993Co-Authors: Marilyn G Spalding, Thomas G Bancroft, Donald J ForresterAbstract:A total of 2,167 individuals representing 15 species of wading birds was examined for infection with the nematode Eustrongylides ignotus in Florida (USA). Ten of the species were infected with the greatest prevalences occurring in great blue herons (Ardea herodius) (33%), great egrets (Casmerodius albus) (22%), and snowy egrets (Egretta thula) (19%). Among nestlings, prevalences increased with age. This parasite was estimated to cause at least 80% mortality among nestling ciconiiforms at one colony in Everglades National Park, and was found in 15% of nestling ardeids throughout the state. Despite wide sampling efforts, infected fish (second intermediate hosts) were only found at six sites in Florida, all of which had been physically altered, such as with canals and ditches, and had an anthropogenic (human-caused) source of nutrient pollution. Colonies near sources of infected fish experienced significantly higher prevalences of eustrongy-lidosis than did colonies for which no source of infected fish could...
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pathogenesis of eustrongylides ignotus nematoda dioctophymatoidea in Ciconiiformes
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 1993Co-Authors: Marilyn G Spalding, Donald J ForresterAbstract:Natural (n = 157) and experimental (n = 5) infections with the nematode Eustrongylides ignotus are described for ciconiforms collected in Florida (USA). Larvae perforated the ventriculus in 3 to 5 hr and caused hemorrhage and bacterial peritonitis that sometimes progressed to a fibrous peritonitis with extensive adhesions. Severity of the disease was related inversely to the age of the bird and directly to the number of parasites involved. Some infections in adult birds were resolved. As a consequence of eustrongylidosis, anorexia and behavioral abnormalities resulted in emaciation and may have predisposed birds to traumatic death. Host–parasite adaptations apparently were not adequate for nestling ciconiforms as death of nestlings usually occurred before infections become patent (longer than 14 days, less than 23 days). Patent infections were found in both color morphs of the great blue heron (Ardea herodius), and in great egrets (Casmerodius albus) and snowy egrets (Egretta thula). We propose that birds...
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hemoparasites of wading birds Ciconiiformes in florida
Canadian Journal of Zoology, 1992Co-Authors: Sam R Telford, Marilyn G Spalding, Donald J ForresterAbstract:Eight species of hemoparasites (Plasmodium relictum, Plasmodium elongatum, Plasmodium sp.indet., Haemoproteus plataleae, Haemoproteus herodiadis, Haemoproteus sp.indet., Leucocytozoon ardeae, and Trypanosoma avium) were found in thin blood films from 402 wading birds in Florida. Three of 11 ciconiiform species were infected, including the tricolored heron (Egretta tricolor), white ibis (Eudocimus albus), and two subspecies of Ardea herodias, the great blue heron (Ardea herodias herodias) and great white heron (Ardea herodias occidentalis). Representatives of each genus of hemoparasite except Leucocytozoon were recorded in nestlings, indicating that transmission occurred in Florida. Infections by L. ardeae were more common in northern Florida than in southern Florida. Species of Plasmodium and Haemoproteus were more commonly transmitted to nestling great blue herons in freshwater colony sites than in salt-water colony sites.