The Experts below are selected from a list of 234 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Robert P Agans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • public understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents three us surveys
    Tobacco Control, 2017
    Co-Authors: Noel T Brewer, Jennifer Craft Morgan, Sabeeh A Baig, Jennifer R Mendel, Marcella H Boynton, Jessica K Pepper, Justin M Byron, Seth M Noar, Robert P Agans
    Abstract:

    Introduction The Tobacco Control Act requires public disclosure of information about toxic constituents in Cigarette Smoke. To inform these efforts, we studied public understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents. Methods We conducted phone surveys with national probability samples of adolescents (n=1125) and adults (n=5014) and an internet survey with a convenience sample of adults (n=4137), all in the USA. We assessed understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents in general and of 24 specific constituents. Results Respondents commonly and incorrectly believed that harmful chemicals in Cigarette Smoke mostly originate in additives introduced by Cigarette manufacturers (43–72%). Almost all participants had heard that nicotine is in Cigarette Smoke, and many had also heard about carbon monoxide, ammonia, arsenic and formaldehyde. Less than one-quarter had heard of most other listed constituents being in Cigarette Smoke. Constituents most likely to discourage respondents from wanting to Smoke were ammonia, arsenic, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, lead and uranium. Respondents more often reported being discouraged by constituents that they had heard are in Cigarette Smoke (all p<0.05). Constituents with names that started with a number or ended in ‘ene’ or ‘ine’ were less likely to discourage people from wanting to Smoke (all p<0.05). Discussion Many people were unaware that burning the Cigarette is the primary source of toxic constituents in Cigarette Smoke. Constituents that may most discourage Cigarette smoking have familiar names, like arsenic and formaldehyde and do not start with a number or end in ene/ine. Our findings may help campaign designers develop constituent messages that discourage smoking.

  • Public understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents: three US surveys.
    Tobacco control, 2016
    Co-Authors: Noel T Brewer, Jennifer Craft Morgan, Sabeeh A Baig, Jennifer R Mendel, Marcella H Boynton, Jessica K Pepper, Seth M Noar, Robert P Agans, M. Justin Byron, Kurt M. Ribisl
    Abstract:

    Introduction The Tobacco Control Act requires public disclosure of information about toxic constituents in Cigarette Smoke. To inform these efforts, we studied public understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents. Methods We conducted phone surveys with national probability samples of adolescents (n=1125) and adults (n=5014) and an internet survey with a convenience sample of adults (n=4137), all in the USA. We assessed understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents in general and of 24 specific constituents. Results Respondents commonly and incorrectly believed that harmful chemicals in Cigarette Smoke mostly originate in additives introduced by Cigarette manufacturers (43–72%). Almost all participants had heard that nicotine is in Cigarette Smoke, and many had also heard about carbon monoxide, ammonia, arsenic and formaldehyde. Less than one-quarter had heard of most other listed constituents being in Cigarette Smoke. Constituents most likely to discourage respondents from wanting to Smoke were ammonia, arsenic, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, lead and uranium. Respondents more often reported being discouraged by constituents that they had heard are in Cigarette Smoke (all p

Jessica K Pepper - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • public understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents three us surveys
    Tobacco Control, 2017
    Co-Authors: Noel T Brewer, Jennifer Craft Morgan, Sabeeh A Baig, Jennifer R Mendel, Marcella H Boynton, Jessica K Pepper, Justin M Byron, Seth M Noar, Robert P Agans
    Abstract:

    Introduction The Tobacco Control Act requires public disclosure of information about toxic constituents in Cigarette Smoke. To inform these efforts, we studied public understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents. Methods We conducted phone surveys with national probability samples of adolescents (n=1125) and adults (n=5014) and an internet survey with a convenience sample of adults (n=4137), all in the USA. We assessed understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents in general and of 24 specific constituents. Results Respondents commonly and incorrectly believed that harmful chemicals in Cigarette Smoke mostly originate in additives introduced by Cigarette manufacturers (43–72%). Almost all participants had heard that nicotine is in Cigarette Smoke, and many had also heard about carbon monoxide, ammonia, arsenic and formaldehyde. Less than one-quarter had heard of most other listed constituents being in Cigarette Smoke. Constituents most likely to discourage respondents from wanting to Smoke were ammonia, arsenic, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, lead and uranium. Respondents more often reported being discouraged by constituents that they had heard are in Cigarette Smoke (all p<0.05). Constituents with names that started with a number or ended in ‘ene’ or ‘ine’ were less likely to discourage people from wanting to Smoke (all p<0.05). Discussion Many people were unaware that burning the Cigarette is the primary source of toxic constituents in Cigarette Smoke. Constituents that may most discourage Cigarette smoking have familiar names, like arsenic and formaldehyde and do not start with a number or end in ene/ine. Our findings may help campaign designers develop constituent messages that discourage smoking.

  • Public understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents: three US surveys.
    Tobacco control, 2016
    Co-Authors: Noel T Brewer, Jennifer Craft Morgan, Sabeeh A Baig, Jennifer R Mendel, Marcella H Boynton, Jessica K Pepper, Seth M Noar, Robert P Agans, M. Justin Byron, Kurt M. Ribisl
    Abstract:

    Introduction The Tobacco Control Act requires public disclosure of information about toxic constituents in Cigarette Smoke. To inform these efforts, we studied public understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents. Methods We conducted phone surveys with national probability samples of adolescents (n=1125) and adults (n=5014) and an internet survey with a convenience sample of adults (n=4137), all in the USA. We assessed understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents in general and of 24 specific constituents. Results Respondents commonly and incorrectly believed that harmful chemicals in Cigarette Smoke mostly originate in additives introduced by Cigarette manufacturers (43–72%). Almost all participants had heard that nicotine is in Cigarette Smoke, and many had also heard about carbon monoxide, ammonia, arsenic and formaldehyde. Less than one-quarter had heard of most other listed constituents being in Cigarette Smoke. Constituents most likely to discourage respondents from wanting to Smoke were ammonia, arsenic, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, lead and uranium. Respondents more often reported being discouraged by constituents that they had heard are in Cigarette Smoke (all p

Noel T Brewer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • public understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents three us surveys
    Tobacco Control, 2017
    Co-Authors: Noel T Brewer, Jennifer Craft Morgan, Sabeeh A Baig, Jennifer R Mendel, Marcella H Boynton, Jessica K Pepper, Justin M Byron, Seth M Noar, Robert P Agans
    Abstract:

    Introduction The Tobacco Control Act requires public disclosure of information about toxic constituents in Cigarette Smoke. To inform these efforts, we studied public understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents. Methods We conducted phone surveys with national probability samples of adolescents (n=1125) and adults (n=5014) and an internet survey with a convenience sample of adults (n=4137), all in the USA. We assessed understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents in general and of 24 specific constituents. Results Respondents commonly and incorrectly believed that harmful chemicals in Cigarette Smoke mostly originate in additives introduced by Cigarette manufacturers (43–72%). Almost all participants had heard that nicotine is in Cigarette Smoke, and many had also heard about carbon monoxide, ammonia, arsenic and formaldehyde. Less than one-quarter had heard of most other listed constituents being in Cigarette Smoke. Constituents most likely to discourage respondents from wanting to Smoke were ammonia, arsenic, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, lead and uranium. Respondents more often reported being discouraged by constituents that they had heard are in Cigarette Smoke (all p<0.05). Constituents with names that started with a number or ended in ‘ene’ or ‘ine’ were less likely to discourage people from wanting to Smoke (all p<0.05). Discussion Many people were unaware that burning the Cigarette is the primary source of toxic constituents in Cigarette Smoke. Constituents that may most discourage Cigarette smoking have familiar names, like arsenic and formaldehyde and do not start with a number or end in ene/ine. Our findings may help campaign designers develop constituent messages that discourage smoking.

  • Public understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents: three US surveys.
    Tobacco control, 2016
    Co-Authors: Noel T Brewer, Jennifer Craft Morgan, Sabeeh A Baig, Jennifer R Mendel, Marcella H Boynton, Jessica K Pepper, Seth M Noar, Robert P Agans, M. Justin Byron, Kurt M. Ribisl
    Abstract:

    Introduction The Tobacco Control Act requires public disclosure of information about toxic constituents in Cigarette Smoke. To inform these efforts, we studied public understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents. Methods We conducted phone surveys with national probability samples of adolescents (n=1125) and adults (n=5014) and an internet survey with a convenience sample of adults (n=4137), all in the USA. We assessed understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents in general and of 24 specific constituents. Results Respondents commonly and incorrectly believed that harmful chemicals in Cigarette Smoke mostly originate in additives introduced by Cigarette manufacturers (43–72%). Almost all participants had heard that nicotine is in Cigarette Smoke, and many had also heard about carbon monoxide, ammonia, arsenic and formaldehyde. Less than one-quarter had heard of most other listed constituents being in Cigarette Smoke. Constituents most likely to discourage respondents from wanting to Smoke were ammonia, arsenic, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, lead and uranium. Respondents more often reported being discouraged by constituents that they had heard are in Cigarette Smoke (all p

Rama K. Mallampalli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Cigarette Smoke destabilizes NLRP3 protein by promoting its ubiquitination
    Respiratory Research, 2017
    Co-Authors: Jacob A. Jerome, Alyssa D. Gregory, Rama K. Mallampalli
    Abstract:

    Background Cigarette Smoke suppresses innate immunity, making Smokers more susceptible to infection. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multi-protein complex that releases interleukin (IL) -1β and IL -18. These cytokines are critical for a timely host response to pathogens. Whether Cigarette Smoke affects NLRP3 protein levels, and its ability to form an inflammasome, is not known. Methods and results Using the human monocyte THP1 cell line and C57BL/6 mice, we show that Cigarette Smoke decreases NLRP3 levels in cells by increasing ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal processing. Half-life of NLRP3 is shortened with the exposure to Cigarette Smoke extract. Cigarette Smoke extract reduces cellular NLRP3 protein abundance in the presence of lipopolysaccharide, a known inducer of NLRP3 protein, thereby decreasing the formation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. The release of IL-1β and IL-18 by inflammasome activation is also decreased with the exposure to Cigarette Smoke extract both in THP1 cells and primary human peripheral blood macrophages. Conclusions Cigarette Smoke extract decreased NLRP3 protein abundance via increased ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal processing. The release of IL-1β and IL-18 is also decreased with Cigarette Smoke extract. Our findings may provide mechanistic insights on immunosuppression in Smokers and unique opportunities to develop a strategy to modulate immune function.

  • Cigarette Smoke destabilizes NLRP3 protein by promoting its ubiquitination
    Respiratory research, 2017
    Co-Authors: Seunghye Han, Jacob A. Jerome, Alyssa D. Gregory, Rama K. Mallampalli
    Abstract:

    Cigarette Smoke suppresses innate immunity, making Smokers more susceptible to infection. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multi-protein complex that releases interleukin (IL) -1β and IL -18. These cytokines are critical for a timely host response to pathogens. Whether Cigarette Smoke affects NLRP3 protein levels, and its ability to form an inflammasome, is not known. Using the human monocyte THP1 cell line and C57BL/6 mice, we show that Cigarette Smoke decreases NLRP3 levels in cells by increasing ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal processing. Half-life of NLRP3 is shortened with the exposure to Cigarette Smoke extract. Cigarette Smoke extract reduces cellular NLRP3 protein abundance in the presence of lipopolysaccharide, a known inducer of NLRP3 protein, thereby decreasing the formation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. The release of IL-1β and IL-18 by inflammasome activation is also decreased with the exposure to Cigarette Smoke extract both in THP1 cells and primary human peripheral blood macrophages. Cigarette Smoke extract decreased NLRP3 protein abundance via increased ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal processing. The release of IL-1β and IL-18 is also decreased with Cigarette Smoke extract. Our findings may provide mechanistic insights on immunosuppression in Smokers and unique opportunities to develop a strategy to modulate immune function.

Kurt M. Ribisl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Public understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents: three US surveys.
    Tobacco control, 2016
    Co-Authors: Noel T Brewer, Jennifer Craft Morgan, Sabeeh A Baig, Jennifer R Mendel, Marcella H Boynton, Jessica K Pepper, Seth M Noar, Robert P Agans, M. Justin Byron, Kurt M. Ribisl
    Abstract:

    Introduction The Tobacco Control Act requires public disclosure of information about toxic constituents in Cigarette Smoke. To inform these efforts, we studied public understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents. Methods We conducted phone surveys with national probability samples of adolescents (n=1125) and adults (n=5014) and an internet survey with a convenience sample of adults (n=4137), all in the USA. We assessed understanding of Cigarette Smoke constituents in general and of 24 specific constituents. Results Respondents commonly and incorrectly believed that harmful chemicals in Cigarette Smoke mostly originate in additives introduced by Cigarette manufacturers (43–72%). Almost all participants had heard that nicotine is in Cigarette Smoke, and many had also heard about carbon monoxide, ammonia, arsenic and formaldehyde. Less than one-quarter had heard of most other listed constituents being in Cigarette Smoke. Constituents most likely to discourage respondents from wanting to Smoke were ammonia, arsenic, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, lead and uranium. Respondents more often reported being discouraged by constituents that they had heard are in Cigarette Smoke (all p