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Yiannis Koutedakis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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acute impact of active and passive electronic Cigarette Smoking on serum cotinine and lung function
Inhalation Toxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Andreas D Flouris, Maria S Chorti, Konstantina Poulianiti, Athanasios Z Jamurtas, Konstantinos Kostikas, Manolis Tzatzarakis, Wallace A Hayes, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Yiannis KoutedakisAbstract:AbstractContext: Electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes) are becoming increasingly popular yet their effects on health remain unknown.Objective: To conduct the first comprehensive and standardized assessment of the acute impact of active and passive e-Cigarette Smoking on serum cotinine and lung function, as compared to active and passive tobacco Cigarette Smoking.Materials and methods: Fifteen smokers (≥15 Cigarettes/day; seven females; eight males) and 15 never-smokers (seven females; eight males) completed this repeated-measures controlled study. Smokers underwent a control session, an active tobacco Cigarette (their favorite brand) Smoking session and an active e-Cigarette Smoking session. Never-smokers underwent a control session, a passive tobacco Cigarette Smoking session and a passive e-Cigarette Smoking session. Serum cotinine, lung function, exhaled carbon monoxide and nitric oxide were assessed. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.001 to adjust for multiple comparisons.Results: e-Cigarettes...
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acute impact of active and passive electronic Cigarette Smoking on serum cotinine and lung function
Inhalation Toxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Andreas D Flouris, Maria S Chorti, Konstantina Poulianiti, Athanasios Z Jamurtas, Konstantinos Kostikas, Manolis Tzatzarakis, Wallace A Hayes, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Yiannis KoutedakisAbstract:CONTEXT: Electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes) are becoming increasingly popular yet their effects on health remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: To conduct the first comprehensive and standardized assessment of the acute impact of active and passive e-Cigarette Smoking on serum cotinine and lung function, as compared to active and passive tobacco Cigarette Smoking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen smokers (≥15 Cigarettes/day; seven females; eight males) and 15 never-smokers (seven females; eight males) completed this repeated-measures controlled study. Smokers underwent a control session, an active tobacco Cigarette (their favorite brand) Smoking session and an active e-Cigarette Smoking session. Never-smokers underwent a control session, a passive tobacco Cigarette Smoking session and a passive e-Cigarette Smoking session. Serum cotinine, lung function, exhaled carbon monoxide and nitric oxide were assessed. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.001 to adjust for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: e-Cigarettes and tobacco Cigarettes generated similar (p > 0.001) effects on serum cotinine levels after active (60.6 ± 34.3 versus 61.3 ± 36.6 ng/ml) and passive (2.4 ± 0.9 versus 2.6 ± 0.6 ng/ml) Smoking. Neither a brief session of active e-Cigarette Smoking (indicative: 3% reduction in FEV1/FVC) nor a 1 h passive e-Cigarette Smoking (indicative: 2.3% reduction in FEV1/FVC) significantly affected the lung function (p > 0.001). In contrast, active (indicative: 7.2% reduction in FEV1/FVC; p < 0.001) but not passive (indicative: 3.4% reduction in FEV1/FVC; p = 0.005) tobacco Cigarette Smoking undermined lung function. CONCLUSION: Regarding short-term usage, the studied e-Cigarettes generate smaller changes in lung function but similar nicotinergic impact to tobacco Cigarettes. Future research should target the health effects of long-term e-Cigarette usage, including the effects of nicotine dosage.
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acute effects of electronic and tobacco Cigarette Smoking on complete blood count
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2012Co-Authors: Andreas D Flouris, Maria S Chorti, Konstantina Poulianiti, Athanasios Z Jamurtas, Manolis Tzatzarakis, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Yiannis Koutedakis, Dimitrios Kouretas, Emmanuel O OwolabiAbstract:The World Health Organisation called for research assessing the safety of electronic Cigarette (e-Cigarette). We evaluated the acute effect of active and passive e-Cigarette and tobacco Cigarette Smoking on complete blood count (CBC) markers in 15 smokers and 15 never-smokers, respectively. Smokers underwent a control session, an active tobacco Cigarette Smoking session, and an active e-Cigarette Smoking session. Never-smokers underwent a control session, a passive tobacco Cigarette Smoking session, and a passive e-Cigarette Smoking session.The results demonstrated that CBC indices remained unchanged during the control sessionand the active and passive e-Cigarette Smoking sessions (P > 0.05). Active and passive tobacco Cigarette Smoking increased white blood cell, lymphocyte, and granulocyte counts for at least one hour in smokers and never smokers (P < 0.05).It is concluded that acute active and passive Smoking using the e-Cigarettes tested in the current study does not influence CBC indices in smokers and never smokers, respectively. In contrast, acute active and passive tobacco Cigarette Smoking increase the secondary proteins of acute inflammatory load for at least one hour. More research is needed to evaluate chemical safety issues and other areas of consumer product safety of e-Cigarettes, because the nicotine content in the liquids used may vary considerably.
Pamela A F Madden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assortative mating for Cigarette Smoking and for alcohol consumption in female australian twins and their spouses
Behavior Genetics, 2006Co-Authors: Arpana Agrawal, Julia D Grant, Andrew C Heath, Kathleen K Bucholz, Dixie J Statham, Nicholas G Martin, Michele L Pergadia, Pamela A F MaddenAbstract:Background Non-random mating affects population variation for substance use and dependence. Developmentally, mate selection leading to positive spousal correlations for genetic similarity may result in increased risk for substance use and misuse in offspring. Mate selection varies by cohort and thus, assortative mating in one generation may produce marked changes in rates of substance use in the next. We aim to clarify the mechanisms contributing to spousal similarity for Cigarette Smoking and alcohol consumption. Methods Using data from female twins and their male spouses, we fit univariate and bivariate twin models to examine the contribution of primary assortative mating and reciprocal marital interaction to spousal resemblance for regular Cigarette Smoking and nicotine dependence, and for regular alcohol use and alcohol dependence. Results We found that assortative mating significantly influenced regular Smoking, regular alcohol use, nicotine dependence and alcohol dependence. The bivariate models for Cigarette Smoking and alcohol consumption also highlighted the importance of primary assortative mating on all stages of Cigarette Smoking and alcohol consumption, with additional evidence for assortative mating across the two stages of alcohol consumption. Conclusions Women who regularly used, and subsequently were dependent on Cigarettes or alcohol were more likely to marry men with similar behaviors. After mate selection had occurred, one partner's Cigarette or alcohol involvement did not significantly modify the other partner's involvement with these psychoactive substances.
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assortative mating for Cigarette Smoking and for alcohol consumption in female australian twins and their spouses
Behavior Genetics, 2006Co-Authors: Arpana Agrawal, Julia D Grant, Andrew C Heath, Kathleen K Bucholz, Dixie J Statham, Nicholas G Martin, Michele L Pergadia, Pamela A F MaddenAbstract:Non-random mating affects population variation for substance use and dependence. Developmentally, mate selection leading to positive spousal correlations for genetic similarity may result in increased risk for substance use and misuse in offspring. Mate selection varies by cohort and thus, assortative mating in one generation may produce marked changes in rates of substance use in the next. We aim to clarify the mechanisms contributing to spousal similarity for Cigarette Smoking and alcohol consumption. Using data from female twins and their male spouses, we fit univariate and bivariate twin models to examine the contribution of primary assortative mating and reciprocal marital interaction to spousal resemblance for regular Cigarette Smoking and nicotine dependence, and for regular alcohol use and alcohol dependence. We found that assortative mating significantly influenced regular Smoking, regular alcohol use, nicotine dependence and alcohol dependence. The bivariate models for Cigarette Smoking and alcohol consumption also highlighted the importance of primary assortative mating on all stages of Cigarette Smoking and alcohol consumption, with additional evidence for assortative mating across the two stages of alcohol consumption. Women who regularly used, and subsequently were dependent on Cigarettes or alcohol were more likely to marry men with similar behaviors. After mate selection had occurred, one partner’s Cigarette or alcohol involvement did not significantly modify the other partner’s involvement with these psychoactive substances.
Renee D Goodwin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trends in the age of Cigarette Smoking initiation among young adults in the us from 2002 to 2018
JAMA Network Open, 2020Co-Authors: Jessica L Barringtontrimis, James D. Sargent, Jennifer B Unger, Jessica L Braymiller, Rob Mcconnell, Andrew Stokes, Adam M Leventhal, Jonathan M Samet, Renee D GoodwinAbstract:Importance Success in reducing the prevalence of adolescent Smoking could reflect complete prevention of Smoking initiation or a shift in the age of Cigarette Smoking initiation from adolescence into early adulthood. Objective To assess trends in early adult (ages 18-23 years) vs adolescent (age <18 years) Cigarette Smoking initiation and transition to daily Cigarette Smoking from 2002 to 2018. Design, Setting, and Participants Ages at initiation of Smoking and the transition to daily Smoking were ascertained from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2002-2018), an annual, population-based, repeated cross-sectional study representative of the US population. This cross-sectional analysis was restricted to young adults who completed the survey at ages 22 to 23 years during survey years 2002 to 2018 to limit potential age-related recall bias. Retrospectively collected age of Cigarette Smoking initiation was assessed among ever Cigarette smokers; age of transition to daily Smoking was assessed among ever daily Cigarette smokers. Data analysis was performed from June 2019 to July 2020. Exposures Calendar year of survey (2002 to 2018). Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were population-weighted Cigarette Smoking prevalence and Cigarette Smoking initiation and transition to daily Smoking in adolescence (age <18 years) vs early adulthood (ages 18-23 years). Results Among 71 756 young adults aged 22 to 23 years (38 226 women [50.5%]), ever Cigarette Smoking prevalence decreased from a population-weighted estimate of 74.6% (95% CI, 73.1%-75.9%) in 2002 to 51.4% (95% CI, 49.3%-53.5%) in 2018 (P < .001). Daily Smoking prevalence rates similarly decreased from 41.1% (95% CI, 39.1%-43.1%) in 2002 to 20.2% (95% CI, 18.6%-21.8%) in 2018 (P < .001). However, among 48 015 ever smokers, the proportion initiating Smoking in early adulthood (ages 18-23 years) increased over this time, from 20.6% (95% CI, 18.5%-22.8%) in 2002 to 42.6% (95% CI, 39.6%-45.7%) in 2018 (P < .001). Similarly, among 24 490 daily Cigarette smokers, the proportion who transitioned to daily Smoking in early adulthood increased from 38.7% (95% CI, 35.9%-41.6%) in 2002 to 55.9% (95% CI, 52.0%-59.8%) in 2018 (P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance A substantial proportion of beginning smokers and most new daily smokers are now young adults, reflecting a shift from adolescence to early adulthood, a population segment once considered beyond the critical risk period for Cigarette Smoking onset. Expanding the long-standing emphasis on adolescent surveillance and prevention in adolescence to include the young adult population is warranted.
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cannabis use is associated with increased risk of Cigarette Smoking initiation persistence and relapse among adults in the united states
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2020Co-Authors: Andrea H Weinberger, Renee D Goodwin, Cristine D Delnevo, Katarzyna Wyka, Misato Gbedemah, Joun Lee, Jan CopelandAbstract:INTRODUCTION Despite increasing use of cannabis, it is unclear how cannabis use is related to Cigarette transitions. This study examined cannabis use and Smoking initiation, persistence, and relapse over 1 year among a nationally representative sample of US adults. METHODS Data were from US adults (≥18 years) who completed two waves of longitudinal data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (Wave 1, 2013-2014; Wave 2, 2014-2015; n = 26 341). Logistic regression models were used to calculate the risk of Wave 2 incident Smoking among Wave 1 never-smokers, Smoking cessation among Wave 1 smokers, and Smoking relapse among Wave 1 former smokers by Wave 1 cannabis use. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, and education. RESULTS Among Wave 1 never-smokers, cannabis use was associated with increased odds of initiation of nondaily (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.50, 95% confidence limits [CL] = 4.02-7.55) and daily Cigarette Smoking (AOR = 6.70, 95% CL = 4.75-9.46) 1 year later. Among Wave 1 daily smokers, cannabis use was associated with reduced odds of Smoking cessation (AOR = 0.36, 95% CL = 0.20-0.65). Among Wave 1 former smokers, cannabis use was associated with increased odds of relapse to daily and nondaily Cigarette Smoking (daily AOR = 1.90, 95% CL = 1.11-3.26; nondaily AOR = 2.33, 95% CL = 1.61-3.39). CONCLUSIONS Cannabis use was associated with increased Cigarette Smoking initiation, decreased Smoking cessation, and increased Smoking relapse among adults in the United States. Increased public education about the relationship between cannabis use and Cigarette Smoking transitions may be needed as cannabis use becomes more common among US adults. IMPLICATIONS As cannabis use increases in the United States and other countries, an evaluation of the relationships of cannabis use to other health-related behaviors (eg, Cigarette Smoking) is needed to understand the population-level impact of legalization. Little is known about associations between cannabis use and Cigarette Smoking transitions (1) using recent longitudinal data, (2) among adults, and (3) examining transitions other than Smoking initiation (eg, Smoking relapse). Our results suggest that among US adults, cannabis use was associated with increased Cigarette Smoking initiation among never-smokers, decreased Cigarette Smoking cessation among current smokers, and increased Cigarette Smoking relapse among former smokers.
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among whom is Cigarette Smoking declining in the united states the impact of cannabis use status 2002 2015
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2018Co-Authors: Lauren R Pacek, Renee D Goodwin, Jan Copeland, Lisa Dierker, Chinazo O Cunningham, Silvia S MartinsAbstract:Abstract Objectives To 1) estimate changes in the prevalence of daily and non-daily Cigarette Smoking among current (past 30-day) daily, non-daily, and non-cannabis users in the United States (U.S.) population; 2) examine time trends in current (past 30-day) Cigarette Smoking in daily, non-daily, and non-cannabis users ages 12+ from 2002 to 2015. Methods Data collected annually from the 2002 to 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were employed. Linear time trends of daily and non-daily Cigarette Smoking were assessed using logistic regression with year as the predictor. Results In 2015, the prevalence of current (past 30-day) Cigarette Smoking was highest among daily (54.57%), followed by non-daily (40.17%) and non-cannabis users (15.06%). The prevalence of non-daily Cigarette Smoking increased among daily cannabis users from 2002 to 2015, whereas non-daily Cigarette Smoking declined among non-daily cannabis users and non-cannabis users from 2002 to 2015. Daily Cigarette Smoking declined among both cannabis users and non-users; the most rapid decline was observed among daily cannabis users, followed by non-daily and then by non-cannabis users. However, the relative magnitude of the change in prevalence of daily Cigarette Smoking was similar across the three cannabis groups. Conclusions Despite ongoing declines in Cigarette Smoking in the U.S., non-daily Cigarette Smoking is increasing among current cannabis users, a growing proportion of the U.S. population. Daily and non-daily Cigarette Smoking continue to decline among those who do not use cannabis. Efforts to further tobacco control should consider novel co-use-oriented intervention strategies and outreach for the increasing population of cannabis users.
Samir Soneji - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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association between initial use of e Cigarettes and subsequent Cigarette Smoking among adolescents and young adults a systematic review and meta analysis
JAMA Pediatrics, 2017Co-Authors: Samir Soneji, Brian A. Primack, Jennifer B Unger, Jessica L Barringtontrimis, Adam M Leventhal, Thomas A Wills, Laura A Gibson, Jaewon Yang, Judy A AndrewsAbstract:Importance The public health implications of e-Cigarettes depend, in part, on whether e-Cigarette use affects the risk of Cigarette Smoking. Objective To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies that assessed initial use of e-Cigarettes and subsequent Cigarette Smoking. Data Sources PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, the 2016 Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 22nd Annual Meeting abstracts, the 2016 Society of Behavioral Medicine 37th Annual Meeting & Scientific Sessions abstracts, and the 2016 National Institutes of Health Tobacco Regulatory Science Program Conference were searched between February 7 and February 17, 2017. The search included indexed terms and text words to capture concepts associated with e-Cigarettes and traditional Cigarettes in articles published from database inception to the date of the search. Study Selection Longitudinal studies reporting odds ratios for Cigarette Smoking initiation associated with ever use of e-Cigarettes or past 30-day Cigarette Smoking associated with past 30-day e-Cigarette use. Searches yielded 6959 unique studies, of which 9 met inclusion criteria (comprising 17 389 adolescents and young adults). Data Extraction and Synthesis Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool, respectively. Data and estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Main Outcomes and Measures Among baseline never Cigarette smokers, Cigarette Smoking initiation between baseline and follow-up. Among baseline non–past 30-day Cigarette smokers who were past 30-day e-Cigarette users, past 30-day Cigarette Smoking at follow-up. Results Among 17 389 adolescents and young adults, the ages ranged between 14 and 30 years at baseline, and 56.0% were female. The pooled probabilities of Cigarette Smoking initiation were 23.2% for baseline ever e-Cigarette users and 7.2% for baseline never e-Cigarette users. The pooled probabilities of past 30-day Cigarette Smoking at follow-up were 21.5% for baseline past 30-day e-Cigarette users and 4.6% for baseline non–past 30-day e-Cigarette users. Adjusting for known demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral risk factors for Cigarette Smoking, the pooled odds ratio for subsequent Cigarette Smoking initiation was 3.50 (95% CI, 2.38-5.16) for ever vs never e-Cigarette users, and the pooled odds ratio for past 30-day Cigarette Smoking at follow-up was 4.28 (95% CI, 2.52-7.27) for past 30-day e-Cigarette vs non–past 30-day e-Cigarette users at baseline. A moderate level of heterogeneity was observed among studies ( I2 = 56%). Conclusions and Relevance e-Cigarette use was associated with greater risk for subsequent Cigarette Smoking initiation and past 30-day Cigarette Smoking. Strong e-Cigarette regulation could potentially curb use among youth and possibly limit the future population-level burden of Cigarette Smoking.
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progression to traditional Cigarette Smoking after electronic Cigarette use among us adolescents and young adults
JAMA Pediatrics, 2015Co-Authors: Brian A. Primack, Michael Stoolmiller, Michael J Fine, Samir Soneji, James D. SargentAbstract:Importance Electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes) may help smokers reduce the use of traditional combustible Cigarettes. However, adolescents and young adults who have never smoked traditional Cigarettes are now using e-Cigarettes, and these individuals may be at risk for subsequent progression to traditional Cigarette Smoking. Objective To determine whether baseline use of e-Cigarettes among nonSmoking and nonsusceptible adolescents and young adults is associated with subsequent progression along an established trajectory to traditional Cigarette Smoking. Design, setting, and participants In this longitudinal cohort study, a national US sample of 694 participants aged 16 to 26 years who were never Cigarette smokers and were attitudinally nonsusceptible to Smoking Cigarettes completed baseline surveys from October 1, 2012, to May 1, 2014, regarding Smoking in 2012-2013. They were reassessed 1 year later. Analysis was conducted from July 1, 2014, to March 1, 2015. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the independent association between baseline e-Cigarette use and Cigarette Smoking, controlling for sex, age, race/ethnicity, maternal educational level, sensation-seeking tendency, parental Cigarette Smoking, and Cigarette Smoking among friends. Sensitivity analyses were performed, with varying approaches to missing data and recanting. Exposures Use of e-Cigarettes at baseline. Main outcomes and measures Progression to Cigarette Smoking, defined using 3 specific states along a trajectory: nonsusceptible nonsmokers, susceptible nonsmokers, and smokers. Individuals who could not rule out Smoking in the future were defined as susceptible. Results Among the 694 respondents, 374 (53.9%) were female and 531 (76.5%) were non-Hispanic white. At baseline, 16 participants (2.3%) used e-Cigarettes. Over the 1-year follow-up, 11 of 16 e-Cigarette users and 128 of 678 of those who had not used e-Cigarettes (18.9%) progressed toward Cigarette Smoking. In the primary fully adjusted models, baseline e-Cigarette use was independently associated with progression to Smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 8.3; 95% CI, 1.2-58.6) and to susceptibility among nonsmokers (AOR, 8.5; 95% CI, 1.3-57.2). Sensitivity analyses showed consistent results in the level of significance and slightly larger magnitude of AORs. Conclusions and relevance In this national sample of US adolescents and young adults, use of e-Cigarettes at baseline was associated with progression to traditional Cigarette Smoking. These findings support regulations to limit sales and decrease the appeal of e-Cigarettes to adolescents and young adults.
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Progression to traditional Cigarette Smoking after electronic Cigarette use among us adolescents and young adults
JAMA Pediatrics, 2015Co-Authors: Brian A. Primack, Michael Stoolmiller, Michael J Fine, Samir Soneji, James D. SargentAbstract:IMPORTANCE: Electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes) may help smokers reduce the use of traditional combustible Cigarettes. However, adolescents and young adults who have never smoked traditional Cigarettes are now using e-Cigarettes, and these individuals may be at risk for subsequent progression to traditional Cigarette Smoking.\n\nOBJECTIVE: To determine whether baseline use of e-Cigarettes among nonSmoking and nonsusceptible adolescents and young adults is associated with subsequent progression along an established trajectory to traditional Cigarette Smoking.\n\nDESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this longitudinal cohort study, a national US sample of 694 participants aged 16 to 26 years who were never Cigarette smokers and were attitudinally nonsusceptible to Smoking Cigarettes completed baseline surveys from October 1, 2012, to May 1, 2014, regarding Smoking in 2012-2013. They were reassessed 1 year later. Analysis was conducted from July 1, 2014, to March 1, 2015. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the independent association between baseline e-Cigarette use and Cigarette Smoking, controlling for sex, age, race/ethnicity, maternal educational level, sensation-seeking tendency, parental Cigarette Smoking, and Cigarette Smoking among friends. Sensitivity analyses were performed, with varying approaches to missing data and recanting.\n\nEXPOSURES: Use of e-Cigarettes at baseline.\n\nMAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Progression to Cigarette Smoking, defined using 3 specific states along a trajectory: nonsusceptible nonsmokers, susceptible nonsmokers, and smokers. Individuals who could not rule out Smoking in the future were defined as susceptible.\n\nRESULTS: Among the 694 respondents, 374 (53.9%) were female and 531 (76.5%) were non-Hispanic white. At baseline, 16 participants (2.3%) used e-Cigarettes. Over the 1-year follow-up, 11 of 16 e-Cigarette users and 128 of 678 of those who had not used e-Cigarettes (18.9%) progressed toward Cigarette Smoking. In the primary fully adjusted models, baseline e-Cigarette use was independently associated with progression to Smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 8.3; 95% CI, 1.2-58.6) and to susceptibility among nonsmokers (AOR, 8.5; 95% CI, 1.3-57.2). Sensitivity analyses showed consistent results in the level of significance and slightly larger magnitude of AORs.\n\nCONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this national sample of US adolescents and young adults, use of e-Cigarettes at baseline was associated with progression to traditional Cigarette Smoking. These findings support regulations to limit sales and decrease the appeal of e-Cigarettes to adolescents and young adults.
James D. Sargent - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trends in the age of Cigarette Smoking initiation among young adults in the us from 2002 to 2018
JAMA Network Open, 2020Co-Authors: Jessica L Barringtontrimis, James D. Sargent, Jennifer B Unger, Jessica L Braymiller, Rob Mcconnell, Andrew Stokes, Adam M Leventhal, Jonathan M Samet, Renee D GoodwinAbstract:Importance Success in reducing the prevalence of adolescent Smoking could reflect complete prevention of Smoking initiation or a shift in the age of Cigarette Smoking initiation from adolescence into early adulthood. Objective To assess trends in early adult (ages 18-23 years) vs adolescent (age <18 years) Cigarette Smoking initiation and transition to daily Cigarette Smoking from 2002 to 2018. Design, Setting, and Participants Ages at initiation of Smoking and the transition to daily Smoking were ascertained from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2002-2018), an annual, population-based, repeated cross-sectional study representative of the US population. This cross-sectional analysis was restricted to young adults who completed the survey at ages 22 to 23 years during survey years 2002 to 2018 to limit potential age-related recall bias. Retrospectively collected age of Cigarette Smoking initiation was assessed among ever Cigarette smokers; age of transition to daily Smoking was assessed among ever daily Cigarette smokers. Data analysis was performed from June 2019 to July 2020. Exposures Calendar year of survey (2002 to 2018). Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were population-weighted Cigarette Smoking prevalence and Cigarette Smoking initiation and transition to daily Smoking in adolescence (age <18 years) vs early adulthood (ages 18-23 years). Results Among 71 756 young adults aged 22 to 23 years (38 226 women [50.5%]), ever Cigarette Smoking prevalence decreased from a population-weighted estimate of 74.6% (95% CI, 73.1%-75.9%) in 2002 to 51.4% (95% CI, 49.3%-53.5%) in 2018 (P < .001). Daily Smoking prevalence rates similarly decreased from 41.1% (95% CI, 39.1%-43.1%) in 2002 to 20.2% (95% CI, 18.6%-21.8%) in 2018 (P < .001). However, among 48 015 ever smokers, the proportion initiating Smoking in early adulthood (ages 18-23 years) increased over this time, from 20.6% (95% CI, 18.5%-22.8%) in 2002 to 42.6% (95% CI, 39.6%-45.7%) in 2018 (P < .001). Similarly, among 24 490 daily Cigarette smokers, the proportion who transitioned to daily Smoking in early adulthood increased from 38.7% (95% CI, 35.9%-41.6%) in 2002 to 55.9% (95% CI, 52.0%-59.8%) in 2018 (P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance A substantial proportion of beginning smokers and most new daily smokers are now young adults, reflecting a shift from adolescence to early adulthood, a population segment once considered beyond the critical risk period for Cigarette Smoking onset. Expanding the long-standing emphasis on adolescent surveillance and prevention in adolescence to include the young adult population is warranted.
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progression to traditional Cigarette Smoking after electronic Cigarette use among us adolescents and young adults
JAMA Pediatrics, 2015Co-Authors: Brian A. Primack, Michael Stoolmiller, Michael J Fine, Samir Soneji, James D. SargentAbstract:Importance Electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes) may help smokers reduce the use of traditional combustible Cigarettes. However, adolescents and young adults who have never smoked traditional Cigarettes are now using e-Cigarettes, and these individuals may be at risk for subsequent progression to traditional Cigarette Smoking. Objective To determine whether baseline use of e-Cigarettes among nonSmoking and nonsusceptible adolescents and young adults is associated with subsequent progression along an established trajectory to traditional Cigarette Smoking. Design, setting, and participants In this longitudinal cohort study, a national US sample of 694 participants aged 16 to 26 years who were never Cigarette smokers and were attitudinally nonsusceptible to Smoking Cigarettes completed baseline surveys from October 1, 2012, to May 1, 2014, regarding Smoking in 2012-2013. They were reassessed 1 year later. Analysis was conducted from July 1, 2014, to March 1, 2015. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the independent association between baseline e-Cigarette use and Cigarette Smoking, controlling for sex, age, race/ethnicity, maternal educational level, sensation-seeking tendency, parental Cigarette Smoking, and Cigarette Smoking among friends. Sensitivity analyses were performed, with varying approaches to missing data and recanting. Exposures Use of e-Cigarettes at baseline. Main outcomes and measures Progression to Cigarette Smoking, defined using 3 specific states along a trajectory: nonsusceptible nonsmokers, susceptible nonsmokers, and smokers. Individuals who could not rule out Smoking in the future were defined as susceptible. Results Among the 694 respondents, 374 (53.9%) were female and 531 (76.5%) were non-Hispanic white. At baseline, 16 participants (2.3%) used e-Cigarettes. Over the 1-year follow-up, 11 of 16 e-Cigarette users and 128 of 678 of those who had not used e-Cigarettes (18.9%) progressed toward Cigarette Smoking. In the primary fully adjusted models, baseline e-Cigarette use was independently associated with progression to Smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 8.3; 95% CI, 1.2-58.6) and to susceptibility among nonsmokers (AOR, 8.5; 95% CI, 1.3-57.2). Sensitivity analyses showed consistent results in the level of significance and slightly larger magnitude of AORs. Conclusions and relevance In this national sample of US adolescents and young adults, use of e-Cigarettes at baseline was associated with progression to traditional Cigarette Smoking. These findings support regulations to limit sales and decrease the appeal of e-Cigarettes to adolescents and young adults.
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Progression to traditional Cigarette Smoking after electronic Cigarette use among us adolescents and young adults
JAMA Pediatrics, 2015Co-Authors: Brian A. Primack, Michael Stoolmiller, Michael J Fine, Samir Soneji, James D. SargentAbstract:IMPORTANCE: Electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes) may help smokers reduce the use of traditional combustible Cigarettes. However, adolescents and young adults who have never smoked traditional Cigarettes are now using e-Cigarettes, and these individuals may be at risk for subsequent progression to traditional Cigarette Smoking.\n\nOBJECTIVE: To determine whether baseline use of e-Cigarettes among nonSmoking and nonsusceptible adolescents and young adults is associated with subsequent progression along an established trajectory to traditional Cigarette Smoking.\n\nDESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this longitudinal cohort study, a national US sample of 694 participants aged 16 to 26 years who were never Cigarette smokers and were attitudinally nonsusceptible to Smoking Cigarettes completed baseline surveys from October 1, 2012, to May 1, 2014, regarding Smoking in 2012-2013. They were reassessed 1 year later. Analysis was conducted from July 1, 2014, to March 1, 2015. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the independent association between baseline e-Cigarette use and Cigarette Smoking, controlling for sex, age, race/ethnicity, maternal educational level, sensation-seeking tendency, parental Cigarette Smoking, and Cigarette Smoking among friends. Sensitivity analyses were performed, with varying approaches to missing data and recanting.\n\nEXPOSURES: Use of e-Cigarettes at baseline.\n\nMAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Progression to Cigarette Smoking, defined using 3 specific states along a trajectory: nonsusceptible nonsmokers, susceptible nonsmokers, and smokers. Individuals who could not rule out Smoking in the future were defined as susceptible.\n\nRESULTS: Among the 694 respondents, 374 (53.9%) were female and 531 (76.5%) were non-Hispanic white. At baseline, 16 participants (2.3%) used e-Cigarettes. Over the 1-year follow-up, 11 of 16 e-Cigarette users and 128 of 678 of those who had not used e-Cigarettes (18.9%) progressed toward Cigarette Smoking. In the primary fully adjusted models, baseline e-Cigarette use was independently associated with progression to Smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 8.3; 95% CI, 1.2-58.6) and to susceptibility among nonsmokers (AOR, 8.5; 95% CI, 1.3-57.2). Sensitivity analyses showed consistent results in the level of significance and slightly larger magnitude of AORs.\n\nCONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this national sample of US adolescents and young adults, use of e-Cigarettes at baseline was associated with progression to traditional Cigarette Smoking. These findings support regulations to limit sales and decrease the appeal of e-Cigarettes to adolescents and young adults.
