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Richard A Anderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cinnamon Extract lowers glucose insulin and cholesterol in people with elevated serum glucose
Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Richard A Anderson, Zhiwei Zhan, Jin Zhou, Jiang Kong, Paul A Davis, Barbara J StoeckerAbstract:Cinnamon (肉桂 rou gui) has in vitro insulin potentiating activity, and proanthocyanidins from Cinnamon prevent in vitro formation of advanced glycation end products. Some human studies were equivocal, but several have shown beneficial effects of Cinnamon supplementation on circulating glucose, lipids, and/or insulin. This placebo-controlled double-blind trial tested the effects of a dried water Extract of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) on circulating glucose, lipids, insulin, and insulin resistance. Men and women from Beijing and Dalian, China, were invited to participate if they had fasting serum glucose >6.1 mmol/L or 2-h glucose >7.8 mmol/L. Participants, (173 were enrolled and 137 completed the study) were randomly assigned to receive either a spray-dried, water Extract of Cinnamon (CinSulin®), 250 mg/capsule, or a placebo, twice a day for two months. Mean ± SEM age of participants was 61.3 ± 0.8 years, BMI was 25.3 ± 0.3 and M/F ratio was 65/72. After 2 mo, fasting glucose decreased (p < 0.001) in the Cinnamon Extract-supplemented group (8.85 ± 0.36 to 8.19 ± 0.29 mmol/L) compared with the placebo group (8.57 ± 0.32 to 8.44 ± 0.34 mmol/L, p = 0.45). Glucose 2 h after a 75 g carbohydrate load, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR also decreased with Cinnamon Extract compared with placebo. Total and LDL-cholesterol decreased with Cinnamon Extract and HDL-cholesterol decreased in both the Cinnamon-Extract and placebo groups. In conclusion, supplementation with 500 mg of water-Extract of Cinnamon for two months reduced fasting insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol and enhanced insulin sensitivity of subjects with elevated blood glucose.
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a procyanidin type a trimer from Cinnamon Extract attenuates glial cell swelling and the reduction in glutamate uptake following ischemia like injury in vitro
Neuroscience, 2012Co-Authors: Kiran S Panickar, Marilyn M Polansky, D J Graves, Joseph F Urban, Richard A AndersonAbstract:Abstract Dietary polyphenols exert neuroprotective effects in ischemic injury. The protective effects of a procyanidin type A trimer (trimer 1) isolated from a water soluble Cinnamon Extract (CE) were investigated on key features of ischemic injury, including cell swelling, increased free radical production, increased intracellular calcium ([Ca 2+ ] i ), mitochondrial dysfunction, and the reduction in glutamate uptake. Astrocyte (glial) swelling is a major component of cytotoxic brain edema in ischemia and, along with vasogenic edema, may contribute to increased intracranial pressure, brain herniation, and additional ischemic injuries. C6 glial cultures were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 5 h, and cell swelling was determined at 90 min after the end of OGD. OGD-induced increases in glial swelling were significantly blocked by trimer 1, but not by the major nonpolyphenol fractions of CE including cinnamaldehyde and coumarin. Increased free radical production, a contributing factor in cell swelling following ischemic injury, was also significantly reduced by trimer 1. Mitochondrial dysfunction, another key feature of ischemic injury, is hypothesized to contribute to glial swelling. Depolarization of the inner mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m ) was assessed using a fluorescent dye (tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester [TMRE]), and was significantly attenuated by trimer 1 as was OGD-induced increased [Ca 2+ ] i . Taken together with our previous observation that blockers of [Ca 2+ ] i reduce cell swelling, our results indicate that trimer 1 may attenuate cell swelling by regulating [Ca 2+ ] i . Trimer 1 also significantly attenuated the OGD-induced decrease in glutamate uptake. In addition, cyclosporin A, a blocker of the mitochondrial permeability pore (mPT), but not FK506 (that does not block the mPT), reduced the OGD-induced decline in glutamate uptake indicating a role of the mPT in such effects. Thus, the effects of trimer 1 in attenuating the reduction in glutamate uptake are likely mediated through their action on the mitochondria.
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novel angiogenesis inhibitory activity in Cinnamon Extract blocks vegfr2 kinase and downstream signaling
Carcinogenesis, 2010Co-Authors: Jianming Lu, Richard A Anderson, Keqiang Zhang, Richard JoveAbstract:As a critical factor in the induction of angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has become an attractive target for anti-angiogenesis treatment. However, the side effects associated with most anti-VEGF agents limit their chronic use. Identification of naturally occurring VEGF inhibitors derived from diet is a potential alternative approach, with the advantage of known safety. To isolate natural inhibitors of VEGF, we established an in vitro tyrosine kinase assay to screen for diet-based agents that suppress VEGFR2 kinase activity. We found that a water-based Extract from Cinnamon (Cinnamon Extract, CE), one of the oldest and most popular spices, was a potent inhibitor of VEGFR2 kinase activity, directly inhibiting kinase activity of purified VEGFR2 as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase- and Stat3-mediated signaling pathway in endothelial cells. As a result, CE inhibited VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro, sprout formation from aortic ring ex vivo and tumor-induced blood vessel formation in vivo. Depletion of polyphenol from CE with polyvinylpyrrolidone abolished its anti-angiogenesis activity. While cinnamaldehyde, a component responsible for CE aroma, had little effect on VEGFR2 kinase activity, high-performance liquid chromatography-purified components of CE, procyanidin type A trimer (molecular weight, 864) and a tetramer (molecular weight, 1152) were found to inhibit kinase activity of purified VEGFR2 and VEGFR2 signaling, implicating procyanidin oligomers as active components in CE that inhibit angiogenesis. Our data revealed a novel activity in Cinnamon and identified a natural VEGF inhibitor that could potentially be useful in cancer prevention and/or treatment.
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Cinnamon Extract inhibits the postprandial overproduction of apolipoprotein b48 containing lipoproteins in fructose fed animals
Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Marilyn M Polansky, Yuzo Sato, Khosrow Adeli, Richard A AndersonAbstract:Abstract We have reported previously that a Cinnamon Extract (CE), high in type A polyphenols, prevents fructose feeding-induced decreases in insulin sensitivity and suggested that improvements of insulin sensitivity by CE were attributable, in part, to enhanced insulin signaling. In this study, we examined the effects of CE on postprandial apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 increase in fructose-fed rats, and the secretion of apoB48 in freshly isolated intestinal enterocytes of fructose-fed hamsters. In an olive oil loading study, a water-soluble CE (Cinnulin PF, 50 mg/kg body weight, orally) decreased serum triglyceride (TG) levels and the over production of total- and TG-rich lipoprotein-apoB48. In ex vivo 35 S labeling study, significant decreases were also observed in apoB48 secretion into the media in enterocytes isolated from fructose-fed hamsters. We also investigated the molecular mechanisms of the effects of CE on the expression of genes of the insulin signaling pathway [insulin receptor (IR), IR substrate (IRS)1, IRS2 and Akt1], and lipoprotein metabolism [microsomal TG transfer protein (MTP), sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP1c) in isolated primary enterocytes of fructose-fed hamsters, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The CE reversed the expression of the impaired IR, IRS1, IRS2 and Akt1 mRNA levels and inhibited the overexpression of MTP and SREBP1c mRNA levels of enterocytes. Taken together, our data suggest that the postprandial hypertriglycerides and the overproduction of apoB48 can be acutely inhibited by a CE by a mechanism involving improvements of insulin sensitivity of intestinal enterocytes and regulation of MTP and SREBP1c levels. We present both in vivo and ex vivo evidence that a CE improves the postprandial overproduction of intestinal apoB48-containing lipoproteins by ameliorating intestinal insulin resistance and may be beneficial in the control of lipid metabolism.
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antioxidant effects of a Cinnamon Extract in people with impaired fasting glucose that are overweight or obese
Journal of The American College of Nutrition, 2009Co-Authors: A M Roussel, Isabelle Hininger, Rachida Benaraba, Tim N Ziegenfuss, Richard A AndersonAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a dried aqueous Extract of Cinnamon on antioxidant status of people with impaired fasting glucose that are overweight or obese. METHODS: Twenty-two subjects, with impaired fasting blood glucose with BMI ranging from 25 to 45, were enrolled in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were given capsules containing either a placebo or 250 mg of an aqueous Extract of Cinnamon (Cinnulin PF) two times per day for 12 weeks. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were assessed using high performance liquid chromatography and plasma antioxidant status was evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Erythrocyte Cu-Zn superoxide (Cu-Zn SOD) activity was measured after hemoglobin precipitation by monitoring the auto-oxidation of pyrogallol and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity by established methods. RESULTS: FRAP and plasma thiol (SH) groups increased, while plasma MDA levels decreased in subjects receiving the Cinnamon Extract. Effects were larger after 12 than 6 weeks. There was also a positive correlation (r = 0.74; p = 0.014) between MDA and plasma glucose. CONCLUSION: This study supports the hypothesis that the inclusion of water soluble Cinnamon compounds in the diet could reduce risk factors associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Carmen Silvia Favarotrindade - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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potential of solid lipid microparticles covered by the protein polysaccharide complex for protection of probiotics and proanthocyanidin rich Cinnamon Extract
Food Research International, 2020Co-Authors: Augusto Tasch Holkem, Carmen Silvia FavarotrindadeAbstract:Abstract Probiotics and proanthocyanidin-rich Cinnamon Extract (PRCE) have numerous potential health benefits, but they are very sensitive to degradation in various environmental conditions. Additionally, the combination of these two materials into a single structure could possibly enhance their therapeutic properties. Thus, the aim of this study was to produce and evaluate the solid lipid microparticles covered by electrostatic interactions of polymers in which Lactobacillus paracasei (BGP1) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BLC1) were either encapsulated alone or co-encapsulated with PRCE. Through turbidimetric titration and zeta potential measurement, the optimum coacervates were obtained at a pH of 4.2 with the protein:polysaccharide mixing ratio of 6:1. Along with quantification of the probiotics, total phenolic compounds, and proanthocyanidins, morphological and physicochemical characterizations were performed during storage for 120 days at both 7 and 25 °C. All the produced powders had similar morphological and physicochemical properties. The treatments with BLC1 and 5% PRCE presented greater encapsulation efficiencies for probiotic, phenolics, and proanthocyanids with 98.59% ± 0.45, 119.49% ± 4.21, and 81.25% ± 1.9, respectively. Additionally, there was greater viability for BLC1 (9.30 ± 0.16 log CFU / g) after 120 days of storage at 7 °C. In conclusion, solid lipid particles with BLC1 and 5% PRCE are a promising solution for the preservation and consumption of both materials.
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study of anticancer properties of proanthocyanidin rich Cinnamon Extract in combination with bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis blc1 and resistance of these free and co encapsulated materials under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions
Food Research International, 2020Co-Authors: Augusto Tasch Holkem, Carmen Silvia Favarotrindade, Monique LacroixAbstract:Abstract Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BLC1) and proanthocyanidin-rich Cinnamon Extract (PRCE) have many beneficial health properties. However, they are very sensitive materials; co-encapsulation is one alternative to protect them. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the anticancer properties of free PRCE and in combination with BLC1 and the resistance of these free and co-encapsulated materials under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions. In terms of anticancer proprieties, PRCE had an IC50 value close to 30 mg Extract/mL for Hepa 1c1c7 and HT-29 cells and resulted in a significantly higher percentage (p ≤ 0.05) of total apoptotic and necrotic cells compared to treatment in combination with BLC1 (PRCE + BLC1), with values above 31.66% in both cells. For the quinone reductase (QR) assay, there was a significant increase only for PRCE + BLC1 treatment, with a fold induction of 5.11 ± 0.56 for HT-29. The resistance of the encapsulated materials was greater than for the free form after 240 min of simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The combination of these materials in a microcapsule is advantageous because it protects them under gastrointestinal conditions, allowing them to be released into the intestine and act in the early stages of colon cancer.
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functional properties and encapsulation of a proanthocyanidin rich Cinnamon Extract cinnamomum zeylanicum by complex coacervation using gelatin and different polysaccharides
Food Hydrocolloids, 2017Co-Authors: Volnei Brito De Souza, Marcelo Thomazini, Mariana Alejandra Echalar Barrientos, Camila Marina Nalin, Roselayne Ferrofurtado, Maria Ines Genovese, Carmen Silvia FavarotrindadeAbstract:Abstract The phenolic compounds present in the Cinnamon Extract are responsible for its beneficial effect on health. However, these compounds can undergo degradation reactions and have undesirable sensorial characteristics, which makes it difficult to apply and consume a large quantity of this Extract. Thus, the present work evaluated Cinnamon Extract rich in proanthocyanidins in liquid, spray-dried and lyophilized forms for content of phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity, as well as inhibition of α-amylase and α-glycosidase enzymes. In addition, it was proposed to encapsulate the Extract by complex coacervation using polymeric pairs formed between gelatin and five different polysaccharides (gum arabic, pectin, cashew gum, carboxymethylcellulose, and κ-carrageenan), as well as characterize the encapsulated Extract particles. Drying of the Extract caused losses in the initial content of the phenolic compounds. The dry Extracts, especially the atomized sample, presented high antioxidant capacity and high potential to inhibit the digestive enzymes, but they lost the antimicrobial capacity in relation to the liquid Extract. The microparticles of the encapsulated Extract had high efficiency and yield for encapsulation, varied sizes, and irregular shapes. Infrared spectra demonstrated the interaction between protein and polysaccharides in the formation of encapsulated Extract particles. The results indicate that the complex coacervation and the materials used have the potential to encapsulate the Cinnamon Extract, which can contribute to protect its bioactive compounds, their beneficial properties, and mask their undesirable sensorial characteristics.
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development of solid lipid microparticles loaded with a proanthocyanidin rich Cinnamon Extract cinnamomum zeylanicum potential for increasing antioxidant content in functional foods for diabetic population
Food Research International, 2016Co-Authors: Fabricio Luiz Tulini, Marcelo Thomazini, Volnei Brito De Souza, Mariana Alejandra Echalarbarrientos, E M J A Pallone, Carmen Silvia FavarotrindadeAbstract:Abstract Cinnamon proanthocyanidins play an important role on the attenuation of complications associated to diabetes, but the daily ingestion of these compounds is not always satisfactory due to several aspects such as low stability and unpleasant taste. Thus, in the present study, a proanthocyanidin-rich Cinnamon Extract ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum ) was incorporated into solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) by spray chilling technique using vegetable fat as carrier. The microparticles were characterized with regard to their physical and chemical properties, morphology, proanthocyanidin stability and sensory properties. SLMs were spherical with a unimodal size distribution between 60 and 130 μm, and proanthocyanidins were highly stable in SLM stored for up to 90 days at 5, 25 and 37 °C. Moreover, SLMs were able to mask the bitter taste and astringent sensation of proanthocyanidins and other polyphenols from Cinnamon Extract. Taken together, these results show the potential of SLM loaded with Cinnamon proanthocyanidins for improving functional properties in new foods.
Augusto Tasch Holkem - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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potential of solid lipid microparticles covered by the protein polysaccharide complex for protection of probiotics and proanthocyanidin rich Cinnamon Extract
Food Research International, 2020Co-Authors: Augusto Tasch Holkem, Carmen Silvia FavarotrindadeAbstract:Abstract Probiotics and proanthocyanidin-rich Cinnamon Extract (PRCE) have numerous potential health benefits, but they are very sensitive to degradation in various environmental conditions. Additionally, the combination of these two materials into a single structure could possibly enhance their therapeutic properties. Thus, the aim of this study was to produce and evaluate the solid lipid microparticles covered by electrostatic interactions of polymers in which Lactobacillus paracasei (BGP1) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BLC1) were either encapsulated alone or co-encapsulated with PRCE. Through turbidimetric titration and zeta potential measurement, the optimum coacervates were obtained at a pH of 4.2 with the protein:polysaccharide mixing ratio of 6:1. Along with quantification of the probiotics, total phenolic compounds, and proanthocyanidins, morphological and physicochemical characterizations were performed during storage for 120 days at both 7 and 25 °C. All the produced powders had similar morphological and physicochemical properties. The treatments with BLC1 and 5% PRCE presented greater encapsulation efficiencies for probiotic, phenolics, and proanthocyanids with 98.59% ± 0.45, 119.49% ± 4.21, and 81.25% ± 1.9, respectively. Additionally, there was greater viability for BLC1 (9.30 ± 0.16 log CFU / g) after 120 days of storage at 7 °C. In conclusion, solid lipid particles with BLC1 and 5% PRCE are a promising solution for the preservation and consumption of both materials.
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study of anticancer properties of proanthocyanidin rich Cinnamon Extract in combination with bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis blc1 and resistance of these free and co encapsulated materials under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions
Food Research International, 2020Co-Authors: Augusto Tasch Holkem, Carmen Silvia Favarotrindade, Monique LacroixAbstract:Abstract Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BLC1) and proanthocyanidin-rich Cinnamon Extract (PRCE) have many beneficial health properties. However, they are very sensitive materials; co-encapsulation is one alternative to protect them. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the anticancer properties of free PRCE and in combination with BLC1 and the resistance of these free and co-encapsulated materials under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions. In terms of anticancer proprieties, PRCE had an IC50 value close to 30 mg Extract/mL for Hepa 1c1c7 and HT-29 cells and resulted in a significantly higher percentage (p ≤ 0.05) of total apoptotic and necrotic cells compared to treatment in combination with BLC1 (PRCE + BLC1), with values above 31.66% in both cells. For the quinone reductase (QR) assay, there was a significant increase only for PRCE + BLC1 treatment, with a fold induction of 5.11 ± 0.56 for HT-29. The resistance of the encapsulated materials was greater than for the free form after 240 min of simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The combination of these materials in a microcapsule is advantageous because it protects them under gastrointestinal conditions, allowing them to be released into the intestine and act in the early stages of colon cancer.
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Sugarcane Juice with Co-encapsulated Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BLC1 and Proanthocyanidin-Rich Cinnamon Extract
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, 2019Co-Authors: Augusto Tasch Holkem, Edmur José Santos Neto, Clitor J. F. Souza, Fabio Augusto Gallo, Laura Queiroz Bomdespacho, Carla Giovana Luciano, Megumi Nakayama, Marcelo Thomazini, Marluci Palazzolli Silva, Izabel Cristina Freitas MoraesAbstract:Bioactive compounds are sensitive to many factors, and they can alter the sensory characteristics of foods. Microencapsulation could be a tool to provide protection and allow the addition of bioactives in new matrices, such as sugarcane juice. This study focused on producing and evaluating the potential function of probiotics and proanthocyanidin-rich Cinnamon Extract (PRCE), both in free and encapsulated forms when added to sugarcane juice. The pure sugarcane juice treatment T1 was compared with other sugarcane juices to which bioactive compounds had been added; T2, a non-encapsulated Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BLC1); T3, a non-encapsulated BLC1 and PRCE; T4, BLC1 microcapsules; and T5, with BLC1 and PRCE microcapsules. The samples were morphologically, physicochemically, rheologically, and sensorially characterized. Samples were also evaluated regarding the viability of BLC1 during the juice’s storage at 4 °C. It was possible to produce probiotic sugarcane juice with non-encapsulated BLC1, but not with the addition of free PRCE, which in its free form reduced the viability of this microorganism to < 1 log CFU/mL after 7 days. The microcapsules were effective to protect BLC1 during juice storage and to maintain high contents of phenolic and proanthocyanidin compounds, although the products containing these had their viscosity altered and were less accepted than either the control or those with non-encapsulated BLC1.
Axel Lorentz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cinnamon Extract reduces symptoms inflammatory mediators and mast cell markers in murine il 10 colitis
Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Yvonne Hagenlocher, Stephan C Bischoff, Angela Hosel, Axel LorentzAbstract:Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) shows an increasing prevalence and harm in western countries. Conventional therapies are associated with bad compliance and adverse side effects. Natural substances like Cinnamon Extract (CE) could be an additional therapy. We found recently that CE acts anti-inflammatory on mast cells — discussed of being relevant in IBD. Here, we analysed the effects of CE on murine IL-10 −/− colitis as model for IBD. Mice were treated 12 weeks with or without CE in drinking water. Clinical scores and disease activity index were assessed. Colonic tissue samples were analysed for infiltration, tissue damage, bowel wall thickness, expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, mast cell proteases, tight junction proteins, and NF-κB signaling. Following treatment with CE, symptoms of murine colitis as well as increased infiltration of immune cells, tissue damage and bowel wall thickness in colon tissue of IL-10 −/− mice were diminished significantly. MIP-2, TNF, IFNγ, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 and IL-1β as well as MC-CPA, MCP-1 and MCP-4 were strongly upregulated in IL-10 −/− mice compared to WT, but noteworthy not in CE group. Expression of tight junction proteins was not influenced by CE. Phosphorylation of IκB was slightly down-regulated in CE treated IL-10 −/− mice compared to IL-10 −/− controls. In summary, CE decreases inflammatory symptoms and expression of inflammatory markers in murine IL-10 −/− colitis. CE has no influence on tight junction proteins, but seems acting via reducing pro-inflammatory mediators and recruitment of neutrophil granulocytes probably by inhibiting NF-κB signaling.
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Cinnamon Extract reduces symptoms, inflammatory mediators and mast cell markers in murine IL-10−/− colitis
Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Yvonne Hagenlocher, Stephan C Bischoff, Angela Hosel, Axel LorentzAbstract:Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) shows an increasing prevalence and harm in western countries. Conventional therapies are associated with bad compliance and adverse side effects. Natural substances like Cinnamon Extract (CE) could be an additional therapy. We found recently that CE acts anti-inflammatory on mast cells — discussed of being relevant in IBD. Here, we analysed the effects of CE on murine IL-10 −/− colitis as model for IBD. Mice were treated 12 weeks with or without CE in drinking water. Clinical scores and disease activity index were assessed. Colonic tissue samples were analysed for infiltration, tissue damage, bowel wall thickness, expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, mast cell proteases, tight junction proteins, and NF-κB signaling. Following treatment with CE, symptoms of murine colitis as well as increased infiltration of immune cells, tissue damage and bowel wall thickness in colon tissue of IL-10 −/− mice were diminished significantly. MIP-2, TNF, IFNγ, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 and IL-1β as well as MC-CPA, MCP-1 and MCP-4 were strongly upregulated in IL-10 −/− mice compared to WT, but noteworthy not in CE group. Expression of tight junction proteins was not influenced by CE. Phosphorylation of IκB was slightly down-regulated in CE treated IL-10 −/− mice compared to IL-10 −/− controls. In summary, CE decreases inflammatory symptoms and expression of inflammatory markers in murine IL-10 −/− colitis. CE has no influence on tight junction proteins, but seems acting via reducing pro-inflammatory mediators and recruitment of neutrophil granulocytes probably by inhibiting NF-κB signaling.
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cinnamaldehyde is the main mediator of Cinnamon Extract in mast cell inhibition
European Journal of Nutrition, 2015Co-Authors: Yvonne Hagenlocher, Stephan C Bischoff, Kristina Kiesling, Michael W Schaffer, Axel LorentzAbstract:Purpose In terms of their involvement in allergic and inflammatory conditions, mast cells (MC) can be promising targets for medical agents in therapy. Because of their good compliance and effectiveness, phytochemicals are of great interest as new therapeutic tools in form of nutraceuticals. We found recently that Cinnamon Extract (CE) inhibits mast cell activation. Here, we analysed the effects of a major compound of CE, cinnamaldehyde (CA), on mast cell activation.
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Cinnamon Extract inhibits degranulation and de novo synthesis of inflammatory mediators in mast cells
Allergy, 2013Co-Authors: Yvonne Hagenlocher, Stephan C Bischoff, Ina Bergheim, Michael W Schaffer, S Zacheja, Axel LorentzAbstract:BACKGROUND: Mast cells (MC) are main effector cells of allergic and other inflammatory reactions; however, only a few anti-MC agents are available for therapy. It has been reported that Cinnamon Extract (CE) attenuates allergic symptoms by affecting immune cells; however, its influence on MC was not studied so far. Here, we analyzed the effects of CE on human and rodent MC in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Expression of MC-specific proteases was examined in vivo in duodenum of mice following oral administration of CE. Release of mediators and phosphorylation of signaling molecules were analyzed in vitro in human MC isolated from intestinal tissue (hiMC) or RBL-2H3 cells challenged with CE prior to stimulation by FceRI cross-linking. RESULTS: Following oral treatment with CE, expression of the mast cell proteases MCP6 and MC-CPA was significantly decreased in mice. In hiMC, CE also caused a reduced expression of tryptase. Moreover, in hiMC stimulated by IgE cross-linking, the release of β-hexosaminidase was reduced to about 20% by CE. The de novo synthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes, TNFα, CXCL8, CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4, was almost completely inhibited by CE. The attenuation of mast cell mediators by CE seems to be related to particular signaling pathways, because we found that activation of the MAP kinases ERK, JNK, and p38 as well as of Akt was strongly reduced by CE. CONCLUSION: CE decreases expression of mast cell-specific mediators in vitro and in vivo and thus is a new plant-originated candidate for anti-allergic therapy.
Sinhyeog Im - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cinnamon Extract suppresses experimental colitis through modulation of antigen presenting cells
World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2011Co-Authors: Hokeun Kwon, Ji Sun Hwang, Jaeseon So, Anupama Sahoo, Chang Rok Im, Won Kyung Jeon, Byoung Seob Ko, Zee Yong Park, Sinhyeog ImAbstract:AIM: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Cinnamon Extract and elucidate its mechanisms for targeting the function of antigen presenting cells. METHODS: Cinnamon Extract was used to treat murine macrophage cell line (Raw 264.7), mouse primary antigen-presenting cells (APCs, MHCII+) and CD11c+ dendritic cells to analyze the effects of Cinnamon Extract on APC function. The mechanisms of action of Cinnamon Extract on APCs were investigated by analyzing cytokine production, and expression of MHC antigens and co-stimulatory molecules by quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry. In addition, the effect of Cinnamon Extract on antigen presentation capacity and APC-dependent T-cell differentiation were analyzed by [H3]-thymidine incorporation and cytokine analysis, respectively. To confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of Cinnamon Extract in vivo, Cinnamon or PBS was orally administered to mice for 20 d followed by induction of experimental colitis with 2,4,6 trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. The protective effects of Cinnamon Extract against experimental colitis were measured by checking clinical symptoms, histological analysis and cytokine expression profiles in inflamed tissue. RESULTS: Treatment with Cinnamon Extract inhibited maturation of MHCII+ APCs or CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) by suppressing expression of co-stimulatory molecules (B7.1, B7.2, ICOS-L), MHCII and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Cinnamon Extract induced regulatory DCs (rDCs) that produce low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α] while expressing high levels of immunoregulatory cytokines (IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β). In addition, rDCs generated by Cinnamon Extract inhibited APC-dependent T-cell proliferation, and converted CD4+ T cells into IL-10high CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, oral administration of Cinnamon Extract inhibited development and progression of intestinal colitis by inhibiting expression of COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α), while enhancing IL-10 levels. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests the potential of Cinnamon Extract as an anti-inflammatory agent by targeting the generation of regulatory APCs and IL-10+ regulatory T cells.
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Cinnamon Extract induces tumor cell death through inhibition of nfκb and ap1
BMC Cancer, 2010Co-Authors: Hokeun Kwon, Ji Sun Hwang, Jaeseon So, Anupama Sahoo, Chang Rok Im, Won Kyung Jeon, Byoung Seob Ko, Zee Yong Park, Sinhyeog ImAbstract:Cinnamomum cassia bark is the outer skin of an evergreen tall tree belonging to the family Lauraceae containing several active components such as essential oils (cinnamic aldehyde and cinnamyl aldehyde), tannin, mucus and carbohydrate. They have various biological functions including anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammation, anti-diabetic and anti-tumor activity. Previously, we have reported that anti-cancer effect of Cinnamon Extracts is associated with modulation of angiogenesis and effector function of CD8+ T cells. In this study, we further identified that anti-tumor effect of Cinnamon Extracts is also link with enhanced pro-apoptotic activity by inhibiting the activities NFκB and AP1 in mouse melanoma model. Water soluble Cinnamon Extract was obtained and quality of Cinnamon Extract was evaluated by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) analysis. In this study, we tested anti-tumor activity and elucidated action mechanism of Cinnamon Extract using various types of tumor cell lines including lymphoma, melanoma, cervix cancer and colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo mouse melanoma model. Cinnamon Extract strongly inhibited tumor cell proliferation in vitro and induced active cell death of tumor cells by up-regulating pro-apoptotic molecules while inhibiting NFκB and AP1 activity and their target genes such as Bcl-2, BcL-xL and survivin. Oral administration of Cinnamon Extract in melanoma transplantation model significantly inhibited tumor growth with the same mechanism of action observed in vitro. Our study suggests that anti-tumor effect of Cinnamon Extracts is directly linked with enhanced pro-apoptotic activity and inhibition of NFκB and AP1 activities and their target genes in vitro and in vivo mouse melanoma model. Hence, further elucidation of active components of Cinnamon Extract could lead to development of potent anti-tumor agent or complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of diverse cancers.
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Cinnamon Extract suppresses tumor progression by modulating angiogenesis and the effector function of cd8 t cells
Cancer Letters, 2009Co-Authors: Hokeun Kwon, Ji Sun Hwang, Jaeseon So, Won Kyung Jeon, Byoung Seob Ko, Jina Park, Sinhyeog ImAbstract:Abstract Cinnamon is one of the most widely used herbal medicines with diverse bioactive effects. However, little evidence has been reported about the potential anti-tumor effects of Cinnamon. In vitro and in vivo system, Cinnamon treatment strongly inhibited the expression of pro-angiogenic factors and master regulators of tumor progression not only in melanoma cell lines but also in experimental melanoma model. In addition, Cinnamon treatment increased the anti-tumor activities of CD8 + T cells by increasing the levels of cytolytic molecules and their cytotoxic activity. In conclusion, Cinnamon Extract has the potential to be an alternative medicine for tumor treatment.