The Experts below are selected from a list of 249 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lei Tang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of propionic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation in an integrated Citric Acid-methane fermentation process.
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 2015Co-Authors: Jian Xu, Xian-feng Su, Hongjian Zhang, Xin Zeng, Lei Tang, Jianhua Zhang, Ke Wang, Xu-sheng ChenAbstract:In this study, an integrated Citric Acid-methane fermentation process was established to solve the problem of wastewater treatment in Citric Acid production. Citric Acid wastewater was treated through anaerobic digestion and then the anaerobic digestion effluent (ADE) was further treated and recycled for the next batch Citric Acid fermentation. This process could eliminate wastewater discharge and reduce water resource consumption. Propionic Acid was found in the ADE and its concentration continually increased in recycling. Effect of propionic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation was investigated, and results indicated that influence of propionic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation was contributed to the undissociated form. Citric Acid fermentation was inhibited when the concentration of propionic Acid was above 2, 4, and 6 mM in initial pH 4.0, 4.5 and, 5.0, respectively. However, low concentration of propionic Acid could promote isomaltase activity which converted more isomaltose to available sugar, thereby increasing Citric Acid production. High concentration of propionic Acid could influence the vitality of cell and prolong the lag phase, causing large amount of glucose still remaining in medium at the end of fermentation and decreasing Citric Acid production.
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A novel recycling process using the treated Citric Acid wastewater as ingredients water for Citric Acid production
Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Hongjian Zhang, Jian Xu, Jianhua Zhang, Lei TangAbstract:Abstract In this study, an integrated process coupling Citric Acid and methane fermentations was proposed to solve severe wastewater pollution problem in cassava-based Citric Acid production. The accumulation patterns of the potential and major inhibitors in this process, including organic compounds, volatile fatty Acids (VFAs), total ions and pigments were investigated. Both simulation and experimental results indicated that these inhibitors could reach their equilibrium levels after 3–7 fermentation runs when reutilizing the treated Citric Acid wastewater. As a result, the proposed Citric Acid fermentation process by recycling the wastewater treated in methane fermentation could be stably operated for more than 15 runs, which could save a large amount of fresh water and relieve the severe wastewater pollution in Citric Acid production potentially.
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Effect of Acetic Acid on Citric Acid Fermentation in an Integrated Citric Acid–Methane Fermentation Process
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2014Co-Authors: Jian Xu, Hongjian Zhang, Yang-qiu Chen, Lei Tang, Jianhua Zhang, Ke Wang, Xu-sheng ChenAbstract:An integrated Citric Acid–methane fermentation process was proposed to solve the problem of extraction wastewater in Citric Acid fermentation process. Extraction wastewater was treated by anaerobic digestion and then recycled for the next batch of Citric Acid fermentation to eliminate wastewater discharge and reduce water resource consumption. Acetic Acid as an intermediate product of methane fermentation was present in anaerobic digestion effluent. In this study, the effect of acetic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation was investigated and results showed that lower concentration of acetic Acid could promote Aspergillus niger growth and Citric Acid production. 5-Cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) staining was used to quantify the activity of A. niger cells, and the results suggested that when acetic Acid concentration was above 8 mM at initial pH 4.5, the morphology of A. niger became uneven and the part of the cells’ activity was significantly reduced, thereby resulting in deceasing of Citric Acid production. Effects of acetic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation, as influenced by initial pH and cell number in inocula, were also examined. The result indicated that inhibition by acetic Acid increased as initial pH declined and was rarely influenced by cell number in inocula.
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Effect of Acetic Acid on Citric Acid Fermentation in an Integrated Citric Acid–Methane Fermentation Process
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2014Co-Authors: Jian Xu, Hongjian Zhang, Yang-qiu Chen, Lei Tang, Jianhua Zhang, Ke Wang, Xu-sheng ChenAbstract:An integrated Citric Acid–methane fermentation process was proposed to solve the problem of extraction wastewater in Citric Acid fermentation process. Extraction wastewater was treated by anaerobic digestion and then recycled for the next batch of Citric Acid fermentation to eliminate wastewater discharge and reduce water resource consumption. Acetic Acid as an intermediate product of methane fermentation was present in anaerobic digestion effluent. In this study, the effect of acetic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation was investigated and results showed that lower concentration of acetic Acid could promote Aspergillus niger growth and Citric Acid production. 5-Cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) staining was used to quantify the activity of A. niger cells, and the results suggested that when acetic Acid concentration was above 8 mM at initial pH 4.5, the morphology of A. niger became uneven and the part of the cells’ activity was significantly reduced, thereby resulting in deceasing of Citric Acid production. Effects of acetic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation, as influenced by initial pH and cell number in inocula, were also examined. The result indicated that inhibition by acetic Acid increased as initial pH declined and was rarely influenced by cell number in inocula.
Xu-sheng Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of propionic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation in an integrated Citric Acid-methane fermentation process.
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 2015Co-Authors: Jian Xu, Xian-feng Su, Hongjian Zhang, Xin Zeng, Lei Tang, Jianhua Zhang, Ke Wang, Xu-sheng ChenAbstract:In this study, an integrated Citric Acid-methane fermentation process was established to solve the problem of wastewater treatment in Citric Acid production. Citric Acid wastewater was treated through anaerobic digestion and then the anaerobic digestion effluent (ADE) was further treated and recycled for the next batch Citric Acid fermentation. This process could eliminate wastewater discharge and reduce water resource consumption. Propionic Acid was found in the ADE and its concentration continually increased in recycling. Effect of propionic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation was investigated, and results indicated that influence of propionic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation was contributed to the undissociated form. Citric Acid fermentation was inhibited when the concentration of propionic Acid was above 2, 4, and 6 mM in initial pH 4.0, 4.5 and, 5.0, respectively. However, low concentration of propionic Acid could promote isomaltase activity which converted more isomaltose to available sugar, thereby increasing Citric Acid production. High concentration of propionic Acid could influence the vitality of cell and prolong the lag phase, causing large amount of glucose still remaining in medium at the end of fermentation and decreasing Citric Acid production.
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Effect of Acetic Acid on Citric Acid Fermentation in an Integrated Citric Acid–Methane Fermentation Process
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2014Co-Authors: Jian Xu, Hongjian Zhang, Yang-qiu Chen, Lei Tang, Jianhua Zhang, Ke Wang, Xu-sheng ChenAbstract:An integrated Citric Acid–methane fermentation process was proposed to solve the problem of extraction wastewater in Citric Acid fermentation process. Extraction wastewater was treated by anaerobic digestion and then recycled for the next batch of Citric Acid fermentation to eliminate wastewater discharge and reduce water resource consumption. Acetic Acid as an intermediate product of methane fermentation was present in anaerobic digestion effluent. In this study, the effect of acetic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation was investigated and results showed that lower concentration of acetic Acid could promote Aspergillus niger growth and Citric Acid production. 5-Cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) staining was used to quantify the activity of A. niger cells, and the results suggested that when acetic Acid concentration was above 8 mM at initial pH 4.5, the morphology of A. niger became uneven and the part of the cells’ activity was significantly reduced, thereby resulting in deceasing of Citric Acid production. Effects of acetic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation, as influenced by initial pH and cell number in inocula, were also examined. The result indicated that inhibition by acetic Acid increased as initial pH declined and was rarely influenced by cell number in inocula.
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Effect of Acetic Acid on Citric Acid Fermentation in an Integrated Citric Acid–Methane Fermentation Process
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2014Co-Authors: Jian Xu, Hongjian Zhang, Yang-qiu Chen, Lei Tang, Jianhua Zhang, Ke Wang, Xu-sheng ChenAbstract:An integrated Citric Acid–methane fermentation process was proposed to solve the problem of extraction wastewater in Citric Acid fermentation process. Extraction wastewater was treated by anaerobic digestion and then recycled for the next batch of Citric Acid fermentation to eliminate wastewater discharge and reduce water resource consumption. Acetic Acid as an intermediate product of methane fermentation was present in anaerobic digestion effluent. In this study, the effect of acetic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation was investigated and results showed that lower concentration of acetic Acid could promote Aspergillus niger growth and Citric Acid production. 5-Cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) staining was used to quantify the activity of A. niger cells, and the results suggested that when acetic Acid concentration was above 8 mM at initial pH 4.5, the morphology of A. niger became uneven and the part of the cells’ activity was significantly reduced, thereby resulting in deceasing of Citric Acid production. Effects of acetic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation, as influenced by initial pH and cell number in inocula, were also examined. The result indicated that inhibition by acetic Acid increased as initial pH declined and was rarely influenced by cell number in inocula.
Jian Xu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of propionic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation in an integrated Citric Acid-methane fermentation process.
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 2015Co-Authors: Jian Xu, Xian-feng Su, Hongjian Zhang, Xin Zeng, Lei Tang, Jianhua Zhang, Ke Wang, Xu-sheng ChenAbstract:In this study, an integrated Citric Acid-methane fermentation process was established to solve the problem of wastewater treatment in Citric Acid production. Citric Acid wastewater was treated through anaerobic digestion and then the anaerobic digestion effluent (ADE) was further treated and recycled for the next batch Citric Acid fermentation. This process could eliminate wastewater discharge and reduce water resource consumption. Propionic Acid was found in the ADE and its concentration continually increased in recycling. Effect of propionic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation was investigated, and results indicated that influence of propionic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation was contributed to the undissociated form. Citric Acid fermentation was inhibited when the concentration of propionic Acid was above 2, 4, and 6 mM in initial pH 4.0, 4.5 and, 5.0, respectively. However, low concentration of propionic Acid could promote isomaltase activity which converted more isomaltose to available sugar, thereby increasing Citric Acid production. High concentration of propionic Acid could influence the vitality of cell and prolong the lag phase, causing large amount of glucose still remaining in medium at the end of fermentation and decreasing Citric Acid production.
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A novel recycling process using the treated Citric Acid wastewater as ingredients water for Citric Acid production
Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Hongjian Zhang, Jian Xu, Jianhua Zhang, Lei TangAbstract:Abstract In this study, an integrated process coupling Citric Acid and methane fermentations was proposed to solve severe wastewater pollution problem in cassava-based Citric Acid production. The accumulation patterns of the potential and major inhibitors in this process, including organic compounds, volatile fatty Acids (VFAs), total ions and pigments were investigated. Both simulation and experimental results indicated that these inhibitors could reach their equilibrium levels after 3–7 fermentation runs when reutilizing the treated Citric Acid wastewater. As a result, the proposed Citric Acid fermentation process by recycling the wastewater treated in methane fermentation could be stably operated for more than 15 runs, which could save a large amount of fresh water and relieve the severe wastewater pollution in Citric Acid production potentially.
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Effect of Acetic Acid on Citric Acid Fermentation in an Integrated Citric Acid–Methane Fermentation Process
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2014Co-Authors: Jian Xu, Hongjian Zhang, Yang-qiu Chen, Lei Tang, Jianhua Zhang, Ke Wang, Xu-sheng ChenAbstract:An integrated Citric Acid–methane fermentation process was proposed to solve the problem of extraction wastewater in Citric Acid fermentation process. Extraction wastewater was treated by anaerobic digestion and then recycled for the next batch of Citric Acid fermentation to eliminate wastewater discharge and reduce water resource consumption. Acetic Acid as an intermediate product of methane fermentation was present in anaerobic digestion effluent. In this study, the effect of acetic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation was investigated and results showed that lower concentration of acetic Acid could promote Aspergillus niger growth and Citric Acid production. 5-Cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) staining was used to quantify the activity of A. niger cells, and the results suggested that when acetic Acid concentration was above 8 mM at initial pH 4.5, the morphology of A. niger became uneven and the part of the cells’ activity was significantly reduced, thereby resulting in deceasing of Citric Acid production. Effects of acetic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation, as influenced by initial pH and cell number in inocula, were also examined. The result indicated that inhibition by acetic Acid increased as initial pH declined and was rarely influenced by cell number in inocula.
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Effect of Acetic Acid on Citric Acid Fermentation in an Integrated Citric Acid–Methane Fermentation Process
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2014Co-Authors: Jian Xu, Hongjian Zhang, Yang-qiu Chen, Lei Tang, Jianhua Zhang, Ke Wang, Xu-sheng ChenAbstract:An integrated Citric Acid–methane fermentation process was proposed to solve the problem of extraction wastewater in Citric Acid fermentation process. Extraction wastewater was treated by anaerobic digestion and then recycled for the next batch of Citric Acid fermentation to eliminate wastewater discharge and reduce water resource consumption. Acetic Acid as an intermediate product of methane fermentation was present in anaerobic digestion effluent. In this study, the effect of acetic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation was investigated and results showed that lower concentration of acetic Acid could promote Aspergillus niger growth and Citric Acid production. 5-Cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) staining was used to quantify the activity of A. niger cells, and the results suggested that when acetic Acid concentration was above 8 mM at initial pH 4.5, the morphology of A. niger became uneven and the part of the cells’ activity was significantly reduced, thereby resulting in deceasing of Citric Acid production. Effects of acetic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation, as influenced by initial pH and cell number in inocula, were also examined. The result indicated that inhibition by acetic Acid increased as initial pH declined and was rarely influenced by cell number in inocula.
Hongjian Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of propionic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation in an integrated Citric Acid-methane fermentation process.
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 2015Co-Authors: Jian Xu, Xian-feng Su, Hongjian Zhang, Xin Zeng, Lei Tang, Jianhua Zhang, Ke Wang, Xu-sheng ChenAbstract:In this study, an integrated Citric Acid-methane fermentation process was established to solve the problem of wastewater treatment in Citric Acid production. Citric Acid wastewater was treated through anaerobic digestion and then the anaerobic digestion effluent (ADE) was further treated and recycled for the next batch Citric Acid fermentation. This process could eliminate wastewater discharge and reduce water resource consumption. Propionic Acid was found in the ADE and its concentration continually increased in recycling. Effect of propionic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation was investigated, and results indicated that influence of propionic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation was contributed to the undissociated form. Citric Acid fermentation was inhibited when the concentration of propionic Acid was above 2, 4, and 6 mM in initial pH 4.0, 4.5 and, 5.0, respectively. However, low concentration of propionic Acid could promote isomaltase activity which converted more isomaltose to available sugar, thereby increasing Citric Acid production. High concentration of propionic Acid could influence the vitality of cell and prolong the lag phase, causing large amount of glucose still remaining in medium at the end of fermentation and decreasing Citric Acid production.
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A novel recycling process using the treated Citric Acid wastewater as ingredients water for Citric Acid production
Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Hongjian Zhang, Jian Xu, Jianhua Zhang, Lei TangAbstract:Abstract In this study, an integrated process coupling Citric Acid and methane fermentations was proposed to solve severe wastewater pollution problem in cassava-based Citric Acid production. The accumulation patterns of the potential and major inhibitors in this process, including organic compounds, volatile fatty Acids (VFAs), total ions and pigments were investigated. Both simulation and experimental results indicated that these inhibitors could reach their equilibrium levels after 3–7 fermentation runs when reutilizing the treated Citric Acid wastewater. As a result, the proposed Citric Acid fermentation process by recycling the wastewater treated in methane fermentation could be stably operated for more than 15 runs, which could save a large amount of fresh water and relieve the severe wastewater pollution in Citric Acid production potentially.
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Effect of Acetic Acid on Citric Acid Fermentation in an Integrated Citric Acid–Methane Fermentation Process
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2014Co-Authors: Jian Xu, Hongjian Zhang, Yang-qiu Chen, Lei Tang, Jianhua Zhang, Ke Wang, Xu-sheng ChenAbstract:An integrated Citric Acid–methane fermentation process was proposed to solve the problem of extraction wastewater in Citric Acid fermentation process. Extraction wastewater was treated by anaerobic digestion and then recycled for the next batch of Citric Acid fermentation to eliminate wastewater discharge and reduce water resource consumption. Acetic Acid as an intermediate product of methane fermentation was present in anaerobic digestion effluent. In this study, the effect of acetic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation was investigated and results showed that lower concentration of acetic Acid could promote Aspergillus niger growth and Citric Acid production. 5-Cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) staining was used to quantify the activity of A. niger cells, and the results suggested that when acetic Acid concentration was above 8 mM at initial pH 4.5, the morphology of A. niger became uneven and the part of the cells’ activity was significantly reduced, thereby resulting in deceasing of Citric Acid production. Effects of acetic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation, as influenced by initial pH and cell number in inocula, were also examined. The result indicated that inhibition by acetic Acid increased as initial pH declined and was rarely influenced by cell number in inocula.
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Effect of Acetic Acid on Citric Acid Fermentation in an Integrated Citric Acid–Methane Fermentation Process
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2014Co-Authors: Jian Xu, Hongjian Zhang, Yang-qiu Chen, Lei Tang, Jianhua Zhang, Ke Wang, Xu-sheng ChenAbstract:An integrated Citric Acid–methane fermentation process was proposed to solve the problem of extraction wastewater in Citric Acid fermentation process. Extraction wastewater was treated by anaerobic digestion and then recycled for the next batch of Citric Acid fermentation to eliminate wastewater discharge and reduce water resource consumption. Acetic Acid as an intermediate product of methane fermentation was present in anaerobic digestion effluent. In this study, the effect of acetic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation was investigated and results showed that lower concentration of acetic Acid could promote Aspergillus niger growth and Citric Acid production. 5-Cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) staining was used to quantify the activity of A. niger cells, and the results suggested that when acetic Acid concentration was above 8 mM at initial pH 4.5, the morphology of A. niger became uneven and the part of the cells’ activity was significantly reduced, thereby resulting in deceasing of Citric Acid production. Effects of acetic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation, as influenced by initial pH and cell number in inocula, were also examined. The result indicated that inhibition by acetic Acid increased as initial pH declined and was rarely influenced by cell number in inocula.
Jianhua Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of propionic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation in an integrated Citric Acid-methane fermentation process.
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 2015Co-Authors: Jian Xu, Xian-feng Su, Hongjian Zhang, Xin Zeng, Lei Tang, Jianhua Zhang, Ke Wang, Xu-sheng ChenAbstract:In this study, an integrated Citric Acid-methane fermentation process was established to solve the problem of wastewater treatment in Citric Acid production. Citric Acid wastewater was treated through anaerobic digestion and then the anaerobic digestion effluent (ADE) was further treated and recycled for the next batch Citric Acid fermentation. This process could eliminate wastewater discharge and reduce water resource consumption. Propionic Acid was found in the ADE and its concentration continually increased in recycling. Effect of propionic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation was investigated, and results indicated that influence of propionic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation was contributed to the undissociated form. Citric Acid fermentation was inhibited when the concentration of propionic Acid was above 2, 4, and 6 mM in initial pH 4.0, 4.5 and, 5.0, respectively. However, low concentration of propionic Acid could promote isomaltase activity which converted more isomaltose to available sugar, thereby increasing Citric Acid production. High concentration of propionic Acid could influence the vitality of cell and prolong the lag phase, causing large amount of glucose still remaining in medium at the end of fermentation and decreasing Citric Acid production.
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A novel recycling process using the treated Citric Acid wastewater as ingredients water for Citric Acid production
Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Hongjian Zhang, Jian Xu, Jianhua Zhang, Lei TangAbstract:Abstract In this study, an integrated process coupling Citric Acid and methane fermentations was proposed to solve severe wastewater pollution problem in cassava-based Citric Acid production. The accumulation patterns of the potential and major inhibitors in this process, including organic compounds, volatile fatty Acids (VFAs), total ions and pigments were investigated. Both simulation and experimental results indicated that these inhibitors could reach their equilibrium levels after 3–7 fermentation runs when reutilizing the treated Citric Acid wastewater. As a result, the proposed Citric Acid fermentation process by recycling the wastewater treated in methane fermentation could be stably operated for more than 15 runs, which could save a large amount of fresh water and relieve the severe wastewater pollution in Citric Acid production potentially.
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Effect of Acetic Acid on Citric Acid Fermentation in an Integrated Citric Acid–Methane Fermentation Process
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2014Co-Authors: Jian Xu, Hongjian Zhang, Yang-qiu Chen, Lei Tang, Jianhua Zhang, Ke Wang, Xu-sheng ChenAbstract:An integrated Citric Acid–methane fermentation process was proposed to solve the problem of extraction wastewater in Citric Acid fermentation process. Extraction wastewater was treated by anaerobic digestion and then recycled for the next batch of Citric Acid fermentation to eliminate wastewater discharge and reduce water resource consumption. Acetic Acid as an intermediate product of methane fermentation was present in anaerobic digestion effluent. In this study, the effect of acetic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation was investigated and results showed that lower concentration of acetic Acid could promote Aspergillus niger growth and Citric Acid production. 5-Cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) staining was used to quantify the activity of A. niger cells, and the results suggested that when acetic Acid concentration was above 8 mM at initial pH 4.5, the morphology of A. niger became uneven and the part of the cells’ activity was significantly reduced, thereby resulting in deceasing of Citric Acid production. Effects of acetic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation, as influenced by initial pH and cell number in inocula, were also examined. The result indicated that inhibition by acetic Acid increased as initial pH declined and was rarely influenced by cell number in inocula.
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Effect of Acetic Acid on Citric Acid Fermentation in an Integrated Citric Acid–Methane Fermentation Process
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2014Co-Authors: Jian Xu, Hongjian Zhang, Yang-qiu Chen, Lei Tang, Jianhua Zhang, Ke Wang, Xu-sheng ChenAbstract:An integrated Citric Acid–methane fermentation process was proposed to solve the problem of extraction wastewater in Citric Acid fermentation process. Extraction wastewater was treated by anaerobic digestion and then recycled for the next batch of Citric Acid fermentation to eliminate wastewater discharge and reduce water resource consumption. Acetic Acid as an intermediate product of methane fermentation was present in anaerobic digestion effluent. In this study, the effect of acetic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation was investigated and results showed that lower concentration of acetic Acid could promote Aspergillus niger growth and Citric Acid production. 5-Cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) staining was used to quantify the activity of A. niger cells, and the results suggested that when acetic Acid concentration was above 8 mM at initial pH 4.5, the morphology of A. niger became uneven and the part of the cells’ activity was significantly reduced, thereby resulting in deceasing of Citric Acid production. Effects of acetic Acid on Citric Acid fermentation, as influenced by initial pH and cell number in inocula, were also examined. The result indicated that inhibition by acetic Acid increased as initial pH declined and was rarely influenced by cell number in inocula.