The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
JE Mank - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mating preferences, sexual selection and patterns of Cladogenesis in ray‐finned fishes
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2007Co-Authors: JE MankAbstract:Evolutionary theory predicts that sexual selection may increase taxonomic diversity when emergent mating preferences result in reproductive isolation and therefore speciation. This theory has been ...
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mating preferences sexual selection and patterns of Cladogenesis in ray finned fishes
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2007Co-Authors: JE MankAbstract:Evolutionary theory predicts that sexual selection may increase taxonomic diversity when emergent mating preferences result in reproductive isolation and therefore speciation. This theory has been ...
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Mating preferences, sexual selection and patterns of Cladogenesis in ray-finned fishes.
J Evol Biol, 2007Co-Authors: JE MankAbstract:Evolutionary theory predicts that sexual selection may increase taxonomic diversity when emergent mating preferences result in reproductive isolation and therefore speciation. This theory has been invoked to explain patterns of diversity in ray-finned fishes (most notably in the cichlids), but the theory has not been tested comparatively in fish. Additionally, several other unrelated factors have been identified as promoters of Cladogenesis, so it is unclear how important sexual selection might be in diversification. Using sister-clade analysis, I tested the relationship between the presence of sexually selected traits and taxonomic diversification in actinopterygiian fishes, a large clade that shows substantial diversity in mating preferences and related sexually selected traits. In all identified sister-families that differed with regard to the proportion of species manifesting sexually selected traits, sexual selection was correlated with increased diversification, and this association was significant across all sister clades (P=0.02). This suggests that sexual selection, when present, is a substantial driver of diversification in the ray-finned fishes, and lends further empirical support to the theoretical link between mating preferences and accelerated Cladogenesis.
Alfried P Vogler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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testing whether ecological factors promote Cladogenesis in a group of tiger beetles coleoptera cicindelidae
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 1999Co-Authors: Timothy G Barraclough, James E Hogan, Alfried P VoglerAbstract:We investigate the role of ecological differentiation in Cladogenesis of a monophyletic group of North American tiger beetles, the subgenus Ellipsoptera (genus: Cicindela), by reconstructing their species-level phylogeny from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Observed reconstructions of ecological characters on the phylogeny are compared to those expected under simple null models of no association with Cladogenesis. We find no evidence that ecological disparity is associated with either species coexistence, speciation or long-term persistence and/or radiation of lineages. Ecomorphological traits have evolved in response to differences in habitat occupied by species, but without detectable relationship with Cladogenesis.
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Extinction and the formation of phylogenetic lineages: Diagnosing units of conservation management in the tiger beetle Cicindela dorsalis
Experientia Supplementum, 1994Co-Authors: Alfried P VoglerAbstract:The recognition of evolutionarily distinct populations is a current challenge to conservation biologists. A procedure for the delimitation of such units of conservation management based on the conceptual framework of the phylogenetic species concept has been outlined earlier (Vogler and DeSalle, 1994). Here, I amplify this procedure to include genetic variation in contiguously distributed endangered taxa. The extinction of populations can result in differentiation of allopatric clades from formerly contiguous patterns of variation, a significant event in the evolution of new species. The potential for Cladogenesis is taken as the basis for the delimitation of conservation units. Cladogenesis requires the accumulation of diagnostic characters. Hence, the geographic distribution of genetic variation in endangered taxa is analyzed and inspected for the effect of the extinction of populations on the occurrence of new diagnosable groups. The procedure is demonstrated in a case study of clinally distributed variation in the endangered tiger beetle, Cicindela dorsalis. Using this procedure, populations of high conservation value are determined. These include a relict population that was separated after the extinction of adjacent populations resulting in a cladogenetic event.
Savel R Daniels - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tracking the impact of pliocene pleistocene sea level and climatic oscillations on the Cladogenesis of the cape legless skink acontias meleagris species complex in south africa
Journal of Biogeography, 2013Co-Authors: Hanlie M Engelbrecht, Adriaan Van Niekerk, Neil Heideman, Savel R DanielsAbstract:Aim To determine the geographical boundaries among cryptic lineages and examine the evolutionary drivers of Cladogenesis within the Cape legless skink, Acontias meleagris species complex. Location Coastal plains and adjacent interior of the Eastern, Northern and Western Cape provinces of South Africa. Methods A total of 231 specimens from 55 localities were collected from the entire known distribution range of the A. meleagris complex. Partial sequence data were collected from two mitochondrial DNA loci, 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and one protein-coding nuclear DNA locus, exophilin 5 (EXPH5). Phylogenetic, phylogeographical and population genetic analyses, together with divergence time estimation, were conducted on the DNA sequence data to examine evolutionary history and diversification within the species complex. Results Marked genetic structure was observed within the A. meleagris complex, and five clades were retrieved, most of which were statistically well supported. These five clades were also evident within the haplotypic analyses and were characterized by demographic stability. Cladogenesis was induced during the Pliocene/Pleistocene epochs, most likely as a result of oscillations in climate and sea level, and Neogene geomorphic phenomena. The Breede River Valley is an area of high genetic diversity and is likely to have served as a refugium. Main conclusions Lineage diversification and the current biogeographical patterning reflect the impact of sea level oscillations on historical coastal habitat availability. Fine-scale differences between co-distributed subterranean and supraterranean herpetofaunal taxa can be attributed to differences in life-history traits amongst different habitat types. Historical evolutionary drivers within this subterranean species complex are inferred and discussed.
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Tracking the impact of Pliocene/Pleistocene sea level and climatic oscillations on the Cladogenesis of the Cape legless skink, Acontias meleagris species complex, in South Africa
Journal of Biogeography, 2012Co-Authors: Hanlie M Engelbrecht, Adriaan Van Niekerk, Neil Heideman, Savel R DanielsAbstract:Aim To determine the geographical boundaries among cryptic lineages and examine the evolutionary drivers of Cladogenesis within the Cape legless skink, Acontias meleagris species complex. Location Coastal plains and adjacent interior of the Eastern, Northern and Western Cape provinces of South Africa. Methods A total of 231 specimens from 55 localities were collected from the entire known distribution range of the A. meleagris complex. Partial sequence data were collected from two mitochondrial DNA loci, 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and one protein-coding nuclear DNA locus, exophilin 5 (EXPH5). Phylogenetic, phylogeographical and population genetic analyses, together with divergence time estimation, were conducted on the DNA sequence data to examine evolutionary history and diversification within the species complex. Results Marked genetic structure was observed within the A. meleagris complex, and five clades were retrieved, most of which were statistically well supported. These five clades were also evident within the haplotypic analyses and were characterized by demographic stability. Cladogenesis was induced during the Pliocene/Pleistocene epochs, most likely as a result of oscillations in climate and sea level, and Neogene geomorphic phenomena. The Breede River Valley is an area of high genetic diversity and is likely to have served as a refugium. Main conclusions Lineage diversification and the current biogeographical patterning reflect the impact of sea level oscillations on historical coastal habitat availability. Fine-scale differences between co-distributed subterranean and supraterranean herpetofaunal taxa can be attributed to differences in life-history traits amongst different habitat types. Historical evolutionary drivers within this subterranean species complex are inferred and discussed.
Hanlie M Engelbrecht - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tracking the impact of pliocene pleistocene sea level and climatic oscillations on the Cladogenesis of the cape legless skink acontias meleagris species complex in south africa
Journal of Biogeography, 2013Co-Authors: Hanlie M Engelbrecht, Adriaan Van Niekerk, Neil Heideman, Savel R DanielsAbstract:Aim To determine the geographical boundaries among cryptic lineages and examine the evolutionary drivers of Cladogenesis within the Cape legless skink, Acontias meleagris species complex. Location Coastal plains and adjacent interior of the Eastern, Northern and Western Cape provinces of South Africa. Methods A total of 231 specimens from 55 localities were collected from the entire known distribution range of the A. meleagris complex. Partial sequence data were collected from two mitochondrial DNA loci, 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and one protein-coding nuclear DNA locus, exophilin 5 (EXPH5). Phylogenetic, phylogeographical and population genetic analyses, together with divergence time estimation, were conducted on the DNA sequence data to examine evolutionary history and diversification within the species complex. Results Marked genetic structure was observed within the A. meleagris complex, and five clades were retrieved, most of which were statistically well supported. These five clades were also evident within the haplotypic analyses and were characterized by demographic stability. Cladogenesis was induced during the Pliocene/Pleistocene epochs, most likely as a result of oscillations in climate and sea level, and Neogene geomorphic phenomena. The Breede River Valley is an area of high genetic diversity and is likely to have served as a refugium. Main conclusions Lineage diversification and the current biogeographical patterning reflect the impact of sea level oscillations on historical coastal habitat availability. Fine-scale differences between co-distributed subterranean and supraterranean herpetofaunal taxa can be attributed to differences in life-history traits amongst different habitat types. Historical evolutionary drivers within this subterranean species complex are inferred and discussed.
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Tracking the impact of Pliocene/Pleistocene sea level and climatic oscillations on the Cladogenesis of the Cape legless skink, Acontias meleagris species complex, in South Africa
Journal of Biogeography, 2012Co-Authors: Hanlie M Engelbrecht, Adriaan Van Niekerk, Neil Heideman, Savel R DanielsAbstract:Aim To determine the geographical boundaries among cryptic lineages and examine the evolutionary drivers of Cladogenesis within the Cape legless skink, Acontias meleagris species complex. Location Coastal plains and adjacent interior of the Eastern, Northern and Western Cape provinces of South Africa. Methods A total of 231 specimens from 55 localities were collected from the entire known distribution range of the A. meleagris complex. Partial sequence data were collected from two mitochondrial DNA loci, 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and one protein-coding nuclear DNA locus, exophilin 5 (EXPH5). Phylogenetic, phylogeographical and population genetic analyses, together with divergence time estimation, were conducted on the DNA sequence data to examine evolutionary history and diversification within the species complex. Results Marked genetic structure was observed within the A. meleagris complex, and five clades were retrieved, most of which were statistically well supported. These five clades were also evident within the haplotypic analyses and were characterized by demographic stability. Cladogenesis was induced during the Pliocene/Pleistocene epochs, most likely as a result of oscillations in climate and sea level, and Neogene geomorphic phenomena. The Breede River Valley is an area of high genetic diversity and is likely to have served as a refugium. Main conclusions Lineage diversification and the current biogeographical patterning reflect the impact of sea level oscillations on historical coastal habitat availability. Fine-scale differences between co-distributed subterranean and supraterranean herpetofaunal taxa can be attributed to differences in life-history traits amongst different habitat types. Historical evolutionary drivers within this subterranean species complex are inferred and discussed.
Jonathan M. Waters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Marine dispersal as a pre‐requisite for Gondwanan vicariance among elements of the galaxiid fish fauna
Journal of Biogeography, 2011Co-Authors: Christopher P. Burridge, Robert M. Mcdowall, Dave Craw, Mark V. H. Wilson, Jonathan M. WatersAbstract:ABSTRACTAim The aim of this study was to determine the contributions of Gondwananvicariance and marine dispersal to the contemporary distribution of galaxiidfishes. This group has been central in arguments concerning the roles of dispersaland vicariance in the Southern Hemisphere, as some taxa have marine life historystages through which transoceanic dispersal may have been facilitated, yet othergalaxiids are entirely restricted to freshwaters.Location Southern Hemisphere land masses of Gondwanan derivation.Methods Biogeographic hypotheses of Gondwanan vicariance and marinedispersal were tested using four lines of evidence: (1) concordance of species–area phylogenetic relationships, (2) molecular estimates of lineage divergencetimes with a priori expectations based on plate tectonics, (3) reconstructions ofancestral dispersal capabilities, and (4) reconstructions of distribution inheritancescenarios (using the dispersal–extinction–Cladogenesis model to infer historicalranges and dispersal and extinction events).Results Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed from 4531 mitochondrialand nuclear nucleotide characters, and 181 morphological characters, across 53 ofthe 56 presently recognized species. Phylogenetic relationships were generally wellresolved and supported among galaxiids using the combined dataset, andconflicting relationships between molecular and morphological datasets typicallyreceived low topological support from either or both datasets. Transoceanicdisjunctions were exhibited at 16 nodes, but only three pre-dated relevantcontinental fragmentation events; furthermore, ancestral distribution inheritancescenarios for two of these nodes reflected Cladogenesis within, rather thanbetween, Gondwanan land masses, and ancestral marine dispersal capability couldnot be rejected for all three. Instead, the four lines of evidence surveyed suggestthat Gondwanan vicariance occurred twice, but in both instances was preceded bymarine dispersal between land masses, and in at least one instance was initiated bythe cessation of marine dispersal subsequent to continental fragmentation.Main conclusions Gondwanan vicariance appears to have been preceded bymarine dispersal in the few instances where it may explain contemporary galaxiiddistribution, such that these biogeographic mechanisms may sometimes have asynergistic relationship.KeywordsBiogeography, character-state reconstruction, dispersal, dispersal–extinction–Cladogenesis, Galaxiidae, Gondwana, Southern Hemisphere, vicariance.
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river capture range expansion and Cladogenesis the genetic signature of freshwater vicariance
Evolution, 2006Co-Authors: Christopher P. Burridge, Dave Craw, Jonathan M. WatersAbstract:River capture is potentially a key geomorphological driver of range expansion and Cladogenesis in freshwater-limited taxa. While previous studies of freshwater fish, in particular, have indicated strong relationships between historical river connections and phylogeographic pattern, their analyses have been restricted to single taxa and geological hypotheses were typically constructed a posteriori. Here we assess the broader significance of river capture among taxa by testing multiple species for the genetic signature of a recent river capture event in New Zealand. During the Quaternary an upper tributary of the Clarence River system was diverted into the headwaters of the Wairau River catchment. Mitochondrial DNA (control region and cytochrome b) sequencing of two native galaxiid fishes (Galaxias vulgaris and Galaxias divergens) supports headwater exchange: populations from the Clarence and Wairau Rivers are closely related sister-groups, whereas samples from the geographically intermediate Awatere River are genetically divergent. The upland bully Gobiomorphus breviceps (Eleotridae), in contrast, lacks a genetic signature of the capture event. We hypothesize that there is an increased likelihood of observing genetic signatures from river capture events when they facilitate range expansion, as is inferred for the two galaxiid taxa studied here. When river capture merely translocates genetic lineages among established populations, by contrast, we suggest that the genetic signature of capture is less likely to be retained, as might be inferred for G. breviceps. Rates of molecular evolution calibrated against this recent event were elevated relative to traditional estimates, consistent with the contribution of polymorphisms to branch lengths at shallow phylogenetic levels prior to fixation by purifying selection and drift.
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Cladogenesis in a starfish species complex from southern australia evidence for vicariant speciation
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2004Co-Authors: Jonathan M. Waters, Mark P OloughlinAbstract:Abstract DNA sequencing (cytochrome oxidase I; 82 sequences; 25 locations) of a species complex of Australian six-rayed sea-stars (genus Patiriella ) reveals four well-supported mtDNA clades, corresponding to P. oriens , P. occidens , P. medius , and P. gunnii . These clades have non-random geographic distributions along an east to west axis that are broadly consistent with the biogeographic provinces of southern Australia proposed by Bennett and Pope (1953) . The taxa are deeply divergent (minimum 7.5%) and are estimated to have originated during the late Pliocene. By contrast, intra-clade divergences are small, typically less than 1.0%. Phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA provides strong support for the combined monophyly of multicoloured forms ( P. oriens , P. occidens , and P. medius ; 100% bootstrap support) and suggests that P. medius (central) and P. occidens (western) may be sister taxa (up to 76% bootstrap support). Maximum likelihood analysis of nuclear DNA sequences (actin; 1437 bp) yields an optimal tree largely consistent with mtDNA groupings, but with little bootstrap support. The biogeographic distribution of P. oriens (eastern) and P. occidens (western) is roughly consistent with a vicariant model involving allopatric divergence during glaciation. In addition, we propose that the Great Australian Bight may also have retained isolated populations during glacial periods, perhaps explaining the “central” distributions of P. gunnii and P. medius .