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Igor Chestin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Tiger re establishment potential to former caspian Tiger panthera tigris virgata range in central asia
    Biological Conservation, 2017
    Co-Authors: Igor Chestin, Mikhail Yu Paltsyn, Olga Pereladova, Liza V Iegorova, James P Gibbs
    Abstract:

    Abstract Caspian Tigers (Panthera tigris virgata), a now extinct subspecies genetically similar to the Amur Tiger (P. t. altaica), occurred until the mid-1900s from modern day Turkey and Iran east through Central Asia into northwest China. A literature analysis we conducted revealed that Caspian Tigers occupied ca. 800,000–900,000 km2 historically, mostly within isolated patches of tugay- and reed-dominated riparian ecosystems at densities up to 2–3 Tigers/100 km2. Herein we explored options to restore Tigers to Central Asia using Amur Tiger as an “analog” form. Spatial analyses based on remote sensing data indicated that options for Amur Tiger introduction are limited in Central Asia but at least two habitat patches remain potentially suitable for Tiger re-establishment, both in Kazakhstan, with a total area of

  • Tiger re-establishment potential to former Caspian Tiger (Panthera tigris virgata) range in Central Asia
    Biological Conservation, 2017
    Co-Authors: Igor Chestin, Mikhail Yu Paltsyn, Olga Pereladova, Liza V Iegorova, James P Gibbs
    Abstract:

    Abstract Caspian Tigers ( Panthera tigris virgata ), a now extinct subspecies genetically similar to the Amur Tiger ( P . t . altaica ), occurred until the mid-1900s from modern day Turkey and Iran east through Central Asia into northwest China. A literature analysis we conducted revealed that Caspian Tigers occupied ca. 800,000–900,000 km 2 historically, mostly within isolated patches of tugay- and reed-dominated riparian ecosystems at densities up to 2–3 Tigers/100 km 2 . Herein we explored options to restore Tigers to Central Asia using Amur Tiger as an “analog” form. Spatial analyses based on remote sensing data indicated that options for Amur Tiger introduction are limited in Central Asia but at least two habitat patches remain potentially suitable for Tiger re-establishment, both in Kazakhstan, with a total area of 2 . The most promising site—the Ili river delta and adjacent southern coast of Balkhash Lake—hosts ca. 7000 km 2 of suitable habitat that our Tiger-prey population models suggest could support a population of 64–98 Tigers within 50 years if 40–55 Tigers are translocated and current Ili river flow regimes are maintained. Re-establishment of Tigers in Central Asia may yet be tenable if concerns of local communities in the Ili-Balkhash region are carefully addressed, prey population restoration precedes Tiger introduction, Ili river water supplies remain stable, and the Amur Tiger's phenotype proves adaptable to the arid conditions of the introduction site.

  • A postulate for Tiger recovery: the case of the Caspian Tiger
    Journal of Threatened Taxa, 2012
    Co-Authors: Carlos A. Driscoll, Igor Chestin, Olga Pereladova, Eric Dinerstein, H. Jungius, Y. Darman, J. Seidensticker, J. Sanderson, S. Christie, Shu-jin Luo
    Abstract:

    Recent genetic analysis has shown that the extinct Caspian Tiger (P. t. virgata) and the living Amur Tigers (P. t. altaica) of the Russian Far East are actually taxonomically synonymous and that Caspian and Amur groups historically formed a single population, only becoming separated within the last 200 years by human agency. A major conservation implication of this finding is that Tigers of Amur stock might be reintroduced, not only back into the Koreas and China as is now proposed, but also through vast areas of Central Asia where the Caspian Tiger once lived. However, under the current Tiger conservation framework the 12 “Caspian Tiger States” are not fully involved in conservation planning. Equal recognition as “Tiger Range States” should be given to the countries where the Caspian Tiger once lived and their involvement in Tiger conservation planning encouraged. Today, preliminary ecological surveys show that some sparsely populated areas of Central Asia preserve natural habitat suitable for Tigers. In depth assessments should be completed in these and other areas of the Caspian range to evaluate the possibility of Tiger reintroductions. Because Tigers are a charismatic umbrella species, both ecologically and politically, reintroduction to these landscapes would provide an effective conservation framework for the protection of many species in addition to Tigers. And for today’s Amur Tigers this added range will provide a buffer against further loss of genetic diversity, one which will maintain that diversity in the face of selective pressures that can only be experienced in the wild.

  • Restoring Tigers to the Caspian region.
    Science (New York N.Y.), 2011
    Co-Authors: Carlos A. Driscoll, Igor Chestin, Olga Pereladova, Eric Dinerstein, Shu-jin Luo, David W Macdonald, Stephen J. O'brien
    Abstract:

    Efforts to save Tigers in their native habitat are faring badly ([ 1 ][1]–[ 3 ][2]). Although counts of living Tigers have been contested (e.g., “Counting India's wild Tigers reliably,” K. U. Karanth et al. , Letters, 13 May, p. [791][3]), it is clear that four of nine recognized Tiger

  • a landscape based conservation strategy to double the wild Tiger population
    Conservation Letters, 2011
    Co-Authors: Eric Wikramanayake, Eric Dinerstein, John Seidensticker, Mahendra Shrestha, Susan Lumpkin, Bivash Pandav, Hemanta Mishra, Jonathan D Ballou, A J T Johnsingh, Igor Chestin
    Abstract:

    In an unprecedented response to the rapid decline in wild Tiger populations, the Heads of Government of the 13 Tiger range countries endorsed the St. Petersburg Declaration in November 2010, pledging to double the wild Tiger population. We conducted a landscape analysis of Tiger habitat to determine if a recovery of such magnitude is possible. The reserves in 20 priority Tiger landscapes can potentially support >10,000 Tigers, almost thrice the current estimate. However, most core reserves where Tigers breed are small and land-use change in rapidly developing Asia threatens to increase reserve and population isolation. Maintaining population viability and resilience will depend upon a landscape approach to manage Tigers as metapopulations. Thus, both site-level protection and landscape-scale interventions to secure habitat corridors are simultaneous imperatives. Co-benefits, such as payment schemes for carbon and other ecosystem services, should be employed as strategies to mainstream landscape conservation in Tiger habitat into development processes.

Dale G Miquelle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • interspecific relationships between the amur Tiger panthera tigris altaica and brown ursus arctos and asiatic black ursus thibetanus bears
    Biology Bulletin, 2018
    Co-Authors: John M Goodrich, Dale G Miquelle, Ivan V Seryodkin, A V Kostyria, Y K Petrunenko
    Abstract:

    During the years 1992–2013, we studied the relationship between Amur Tigers and brown and Asiatic black bears in the Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve and surrounding areas in the southern part of the Russian Far East. To determine the importance of bears in the diet of Tigers, 763 kills were located and identified, and 430 Tiger scat samples were collected and analyzed. To detect kills and scat samples, we used radio telemetry and satellite tracking, as well as snow-tracking. Relying on evidence revealed by tracks, as well as radio telemetry, we determined whether bears exploited Tiger kills as a food resource and how the two may have interacted at kill sites. Thirty-two Asiatic black bear and 12 brown bear den sites were measured to define properties that might assist in protection from the threat of a Tiger attack. We identified 641 instances of marking on trees by both Tigers and bears, an indication of the complexity of their relationship. Bears are an important part of the Tigers’ diet, representing 2.2% of all kills found. Bear remains were found in 8.4% of examined Tiger scat. Bears exploited Tiger kills after a Tiger had left, by usurping a kill, or by “sharing” a kill at alternate times. The occurrence of den properties that provided some protection from Tigers was dependent on the den type and location. Evidence of both Tiger and bear marking was detected at 50.1% of marked trees. A review of the literature on the relationship of Tigers and bears is provided.

  • amur Tiger panthera tigris altaica energetic requirements implications for conserving wild Tigers
    Biological Conservation, 2014
    Co-Authors: John M Goodrich, Clayton S Miller, Mark Hebblewhite, Y K Petrunenko, Ivan V Seryodkin, Dale G Miquelle
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Global Tiger Recovery Program has identified increasing prey populations as a crucial component of recovering wild Tiger numbers because prey density is a key determinant of Tiger density, especially for Amur Tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica ) living at the northern limit of Tiger distribution, where both Tiger and prey densities are the lowest range wide. To understand potential prey requirements for Amur Tigers, we developed a predictive energetics model based on allometric scaling and literature values for the costs of reproduction to estimate energetic requirements. We parameterized the energetics model with empirical activity budgets and movement rates estimated from 5 GPS radiocollared Tigers between 2009 and 2013. To avoid starvation, adult male Tigers must consume a minimum of 5.2 kg/day, non-reproducing adult females 3.9 kg/day, and an adult female raising 4 cubs to independence needs 200% more energy, or an average of 11.4 kg/day over the 651 day reproduction period. Given knowledge of Amur Tiger diet composition and prey biomass in the Russian Far East, male Tigers would consume 24.8 prey per year, non-reproducing females 18.2 prey per year, and a female raising 4 cubs 53.8 prey per year. However, our energetics model underestimated empirical consumption rates, emphasizing that while the relative costs of reproduction are valid, wild Tigers are likely consuming more prey than predicted by basal metabolic demands alone. Quantifying the energetic requirements of Tigers allows resource managers to estimate nutritional carrying capacity, estimate the impact of Tigers on prey, and develop science-based conservation recommendations.

  • canine distemper virus an emerging disease in wild endangered amur Tigers panthera tigris altaica
    Mbio, 2013
    Co-Authors: Tracie A Seimon, Dale G Miquelle, Tylis Y Chang, Alisa L Newton, Irina Korotkova, Galina V Ivanchuk, Elena Lyubchenko, Andre Tupikov, Evgeny Slabe, Denise Mcaloose
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Fewer than 500 Amur Tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica ) remain in the wild. Due to low numbers and their solitary and reclusive nature, Tiger sightings across their range in the Russian Far East and China are rare; sightings of sick Tigers are rarer still. Serious neurologic disease observed in several wild Tigers since 2001 suggested disease emergence in this endangered species. To investigate this possibility, histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization (ISH), and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) were performed on tissues from 5 affected Tigers that died or were destroyed in 2001, 2004, or 2010. Our results reveal canine distemper virus (CDV) infection as the cause of neurologic disease in two Tigers and definitively establish infection in a third. Nonsuppurative encephalitis with demyelination, eosinophilic nuclear viral inclusions, and positive immunolabeling for CDV by IHC and ISH were present in the two Tigers with available brain tissue. CDV phosphoprotein (P) and hemagglutinin (H) gene products were obtained from brains of these two Tigers by RT-PCR, and a short fragment of CDV P gene sequence was detected in lymph node tissue of a third Tiger. Phylogenetically, Amur Tiger CDV groups with an Arctic-like strain in Baikal seals ( Phoca siberica ). Our results, which include mapping the location of positive Tigers and recognition of a cluster of cases in 2010, coupled with a lack of reported CDV antibodies in Amur Tigers prior to 2000 suggest wide geographic distribution of CDV across the Tiger range and recent emergence of CDV as a significant infectious disease threat to endangered Amur Tigers in the Russian Far East. IMPORTANCE Recognition of disease emergence in wildlife is a rare occurrence. Here, for the first time, we identify and characterize a canine distemper virus (CDV), the second most common cause of infectious disease death in domestic dogs and a viral disease of global importance in common and endangered carnivores, as the etiology of neurologic disease and fatal encephalitis in wild, endangered Amur Tigers. We establish that in 2010 CDV directly or indirectly killed ~1% of Amur Tigers. Location of positive cases over an expansive geographic area suggests that CDV is widely distributed across the Tiger range. Interspecies interactions are increasing as human populations grow and expand into wildlife habitats. Identifying animal reservoirs for CDV and identifying the CDV strains that are transmissible to and among wildlife species, including Amur Tigers and sympatric critically endangered Amur leopards ( Panthera pardus orientalis ), is essential for guiding conservation and mitigation efforts.

  • estimating amur Tiger panthera tigris altaica kill rates and potential consumption rates using global positioning system collars
    Journal of Mammalogy, 2013
    Co-Authors: John M Goodrich, Clayton S Miller, Mark Hebblewhite, Ivan V Seryodkin, Yuri K Petrunenko, Nicholas J Decesare, Dale G Miquelle
    Abstract:

    The International Union for Conservation of Nature has classified all subspecies of Tigers (Panthera tigris) as endangered and prey depletion is recognized as a primary driver of declines. Prey depletion may be particularly important for Amur Tigers (P. t. altaica) in the Russian Far East, living at the northern limits of their range and with the lowest prey densities of any Tiger population. Unfortunately, rigorous investigations of annual prey requirements for any Tiger population are lacking. We deployed global positioning system (GPS) collars on Amur Tigers during 2009–2012 to study annual kill rates in the Russian Far East. We investigated 380 GPS location clusters and detected 111 kill sites. We then used logistic regression to model both the probability of a kill site at location clusters and the size of prey species at kill sites according to several spatial and temporal cluster covariates. Our top model for predicting kill sites included the duration of the cluster in hours and cluster fidelity components as covariates (overall classification success 86.3%; receiver operating characteristic score of 0.894). Application of the model to all Tiger GPS data revealed that Amur Tigers in this study made a kill once every 6.5 days (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 5.9–7.2 days) and consumed an estimated average of 8.9 kg of prey biomass per day (95% CI 8.8–9.0 kg/day). The success of efforts to reverse Tiger declines will be at least partially determined by wildlife managers' ability to conserve large ungulates at adequate densities for recovering Tiger populations.

  • Is there a future for Amur Tigers in a restored Tiger conservation landscape in Northeast China
    Animal Conservation, 2012
    Co-Authors: Mark Hebblewhite, Dale G Miquelle, Fridolin Zimmermann, M. Zhang, H. Sun, F. Mörschel, L. Sheng, A. Purekhovsky
    Abstract:

    The future of wild Tigers is dire, and the Global Tiger Initiative’s (GTI) goal of doubling Tiger population size by the next year of the Tiger in 2022 will be challenging. The GTI has identified 20 Tiger conservation landscapes (TCL) within which recovery actions will be needed to achieve these goals. The Amur Tiger conservation landscape offers the best hope for Tiger recovery in China where all other subspecies have most likely become extirpated. To prioritize recovery planning within this TCL, we used Tiger occurrence data from adjacent areas of the Russian Far East to develop two empirical models of potential habitat that were then averaged with an expert-based habitat suitability model to identify potential Tiger habitat in the Changbaishan ecosystem in Northeast China. We assessed the connectivity of Tiger habitat patches using least-cost path analysis calibrated against known Tiger movements in the Russian Far East to identify priority Tiger conservation areas (TCAs). Using a habitat-based population estimation approach, we predicted that a potential of 98 (83–112) adult Tigers could occupy all TCAs in the Changbaishan ecosystem. By combining information about habitat quality, connectivity and potential population size, we identified the three best TCAs totaling over 25 000 km 2 of potential habitat that could hold 79 (63–82) adult Tigers. Strong recovery actions are needed to restore potential Tiger habitat to promote recovery of Amur Tigers in China, including restoring ungulate populations, increasing Tiger survival through improved anti-poaching activities, landuse planning that reduces human access and agricultural lands in and adjacent to key TCAs, and maintaining connectivity both within and across international boundaries. Our approach will be useful in other TCLs to prioritize recovery actions to restore worldwide Tiger populations.

James P Gibbs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Tiger re establishment potential to former caspian Tiger panthera tigris virgata range in central asia
    Biological Conservation, 2017
    Co-Authors: Igor Chestin, Mikhail Yu Paltsyn, Olga Pereladova, Liza V Iegorova, James P Gibbs
    Abstract:

    Abstract Caspian Tigers (Panthera tigris virgata), a now extinct subspecies genetically similar to the Amur Tiger (P. t. altaica), occurred until the mid-1900s from modern day Turkey and Iran east through Central Asia into northwest China. A literature analysis we conducted revealed that Caspian Tigers occupied ca. 800,000–900,000 km2 historically, mostly within isolated patches of tugay- and reed-dominated riparian ecosystems at densities up to 2–3 Tigers/100 km2. Herein we explored options to restore Tigers to Central Asia using Amur Tiger as an “analog” form. Spatial analyses based on remote sensing data indicated that options for Amur Tiger introduction are limited in Central Asia but at least two habitat patches remain potentially suitable for Tiger re-establishment, both in Kazakhstan, with a total area of

  • Tiger re-establishment potential to former Caspian Tiger (Panthera tigris virgata) range in Central Asia
    Biological Conservation, 2017
    Co-Authors: Igor Chestin, Mikhail Yu Paltsyn, Olga Pereladova, Liza V Iegorova, James P Gibbs
    Abstract:

    Abstract Caspian Tigers ( Panthera tigris virgata ), a now extinct subspecies genetically similar to the Amur Tiger ( P . t . altaica ), occurred until the mid-1900s from modern day Turkey and Iran east through Central Asia into northwest China. A literature analysis we conducted revealed that Caspian Tigers occupied ca. 800,000–900,000 km 2 historically, mostly within isolated patches of tugay- and reed-dominated riparian ecosystems at densities up to 2–3 Tigers/100 km 2 . Herein we explored options to restore Tigers to Central Asia using Amur Tiger as an “analog” form. Spatial analyses based on remote sensing data indicated that options for Amur Tiger introduction are limited in Central Asia but at least two habitat patches remain potentially suitable for Tiger re-establishment, both in Kazakhstan, with a total area of 2 . The most promising site—the Ili river delta and adjacent southern coast of Balkhash Lake—hosts ca. 7000 km 2 of suitable habitat that our Tiger-prey population models suggest could support a population of 64–98 Tigers within 50 years if 40–55 Tigers are translocated and current Ili river flow regimes are maintained. Re-establishment of Tigers in Central Asia may yet be tenable if concerns of local communities in the Ili-Balkhash region are carefully addressed, prey population restoration precedes Tiger introduction, Ili river water supplies remain stable, and the Amur Tiger's phenotype proves adaptable to the arid conditions of the introduction site.

John Seidensticker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • spatial genetic analysis reveals high connectivity of Tiger panthera tigris populations in the satpura maikal landscape of central india
    Ecology and Evolution, 2013
    Co-Authors: Sandeep Sharma, Trishna Dutta, Jesus E Maldonado, Thomas C Wood, Hemendra Singh Panwar, John Seidensticker
    Abstract:

    We investigated the spatial genetic structure of the Tiger meta-population in the Satpura–Maikal landscape of central India using population- and individual-based genetic clustering methods on multilocus genotypic data from 273 individuals. The Satpura–Maikal landscape is classified as a global-priority Tiger Conservation Landscape (TCL) due to its potential for providing sufficient habitat that will allow the long-term persistence of Tigers. We found that the Tiger meta-population in the Satpura–Maikal landscape has high genetic variation and very low genetic subdivision. Individual-based Bayesian clustering algorithms reveal two highly admixed genetic populations. We attribute this to forest connectivity and high gene flow in this landscape. However, deforestation, road widening, and mining may sever this connectivity, impede gene exchange, and further exacerbate the genetic division of Tigers in central India.

  • a landscape based conservation strategy to double the wild Tiger population
    Conservation Letters, 2011
    Co-Authors: Eric Wikramanayake, Eric Dinerstein, John Seidensticker, Mahendra Shrestha, Susan Lumpkin, Bivash Pandav, Hemanta Mishra, Jonathan D Ballou, A J T Johnsingh, Igor Chestin
    Abstract:

    In an unprecedented response to the rapid decline in wild Tiger populations, the Heads of Government of the 13 Tiger range countries endorsed the St. Petersburg Declaration in November 2010, pledging to double the wild Tiger population. We conducted a landscape analysis of Tiger habitat to determine if a recovery of such magnitude is possible. The reserves in 20 priority Tiger landscapes can potentially support >10,000 Tigers, almost thrice the current estimate. However, most core reserves where Tigers breed are small and land-use change in rapidly developing Asia threatens to increase reserve and population isolation. Maintaining population viability and resilience will depend upon a landscape approach to manage Tigers as metapopulations. Thus, both site-level protection and landscape-scale interventions to secure habitat corridors are simultaneous imperatives. Co-benefits, such as payment schemes for carbon and other ecosystem services, should be employed as strategies to mainstream landscape conservation in Tiger habitat into development processes.

  • Attitudes Toward Consumption and Conservation of Tigers in China
    PloS one, 2008
    Co-Authors: Brian Gratwicke, John Seidensticker, Belinda Wright, Judy Mills, Adam Dutton, Grace Gabriel, Barney Long, Wang You, Li Zhang
    Abstract:

    A heated debate has recently emerged between Tiger farmers and conservationists about the potential consequences of lifting the ban on trade in farmed Tiger products in China. This debate has caused unfounded speculation about the extent of the potential market for Tiger products. To fill this knowledge gap, we surveyed 1880 residents from a total of six Chinese cities to understand Urban Chinese Tiger consumption behavior, knowledge of trade issues and attitudes towards Tiger conservation. We found that 43% of respondents had consumed some product alleged to contain Tiger parts. Within this user-group, 71% said that they preferred wild products over farmed ones. The two predominant products used were Tiger bone plasters (38%) and Tiger bone wine (6.4%). 88% of respondents knew that it was illegal to buy or sell Tiger products, and 93% agreed that a ban in trade of Tiger parts was necessary to conserve wild Tigers. These results indicate that while Urban Chinese people are generally supportive of Tiger conservation, there is a huge residual demand for Tiger products that could resurge if the ban on trade in Tiger parts is lifted in China. We suspect that the current supply of the market is predominantly met by fakes or substitutes branded as Tiger medicines, but not listing Tiger as an ingredient. We suggest that the Traditional Chinese Medicine community should consider re-branding these products as bone-healing medicines in order to reduce the residual demand for real Tiger parts over the long-term. The lifting of the current ban on trade in farmed Tiger parts may cause a surge in demand for wild Tiger parts that consumers say are better. Because of the low input costs associated with poaching, wild-sourced parts would consistently undercut the prices of farmed Tigers that could easily be laundered on a legal market. We therefore recommend that the Chinese authorities maintain the ban on trade in Tiger parts, and work to improve the enforcement of the existing ban.

  • The Fate of Wild Tigers
    BioScience, 2007
    Co-Authors: Eric Dinerstein, Colby Loucks, Eric Wikramanayake, Joshua R. Ginsberg, Eric W. Sanderson, John Seidensticker, Jessica Forrest, Gosia Bryja, Andrea Heydlauff, Sybille Klenzendorf
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Wild Tigers are in a precarious state. Habitat loss and intense poaching of Tigers and their prey, coupled with inadequate government efforts to maintain Tiger populations, have resulted in a dramatic range contraction in Tiger populations. Tigers now occupy 7 percent of their historical range, and in the past decade, the area occupied by Tigers has decreased by as much as 41 percent, according to some estimates. If Tigers are to survive into the next century, all of the governments throughout the species' range must demonstrate greater resolve and lasting commitments to conserve Tigers and their habitats, as well as to stop all trade in Tiger products from wild and captive-bred sources. Where national governments, supported in part by NGOs (nongovernmental organizations), make a consistent and substantial commitment to Tiger conservation, Tigers do recover. We urge leaders of Tiger-range countries to support and help stage a regional Tiger summit for establishing collaborative conservation effor...

  • Riding the Tiger : Tiger conservation in human-dominated landscapes
    1999
    Co-Authors: John Seidensticker, Sarah Christie, Peter Jackson
    Abstract:

    Foreword Richard Burge Preface John Seidensticker, Peter Jackson and Sarah Christie Part I. Introducing the Tiger: 1. Ecology, behaviour and resilience of the Tiger and its conservation needs Mel Sunquist, K. Ullas Karanth and Fiona Sunquist 2. Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues Andrew C. Kitchener 3. Subspecies of Tigers Joelle Wentzel, J. Claiborne Stephens, Warren Johnson, Marilyn Menotti-Raymond, Jill Pecon Slattery, Naoya Yuhki, Mary Carrington, Howard B. Quigley, Dale G. Miquelle, Ron Tilson, Jansen Manansang, Gerald Brady, Lu Zhi, Pan Wenshi, Huang Shi-Qiang, Leslie Johnston, Mel Sunquist, K. Ullas Karanth and Stephen O'Brien 4. The Tiger in human consciousness Peter Jackson Part II. Tiger Ecology: Understanding and Encouraging Landscape Patterns and Conditions where Tigers Can Persist: 5. Population dynamics of the Amur Tiger in Sikhote-Alin Evgeny N. Smirnov and Dale G. Miquelle 6. Hierarchical spatial analysis of Amur Tiger relationships to habitat and prey Sale G. Miquelle, Evgeny N. Smirnov, Troy W. Merrill, Alexander E. Myslenkov, Howard B. Quigley, Maurice B. Hornocker and Bart Schleyer 7. Prey depletion as a critical determinant of Tiger population viability K. Ullas Karanth and Bradley M. Stith 8. Long-term monitoring of Indian Tigers K. Ullas Karanth, Melvin E. Sunquist and K. M. Chinnappa 9. Tigers in Panna Raghunandan Chundawat, Neel Gogate and A. J. T. Johnsingh 10. Last of the Indonesian Tigers: A cause for optimism Neil Franklin, Bastoni, Sriyanto, Dwiatmo Siswomartono, Jansen Manansang and Ronald Tilson 11. The status of the Indochinese Tiger Alan Rabinowitz 12. Mapping the metapopulation structure of Thailand's Tigers James L. David Smith, Schwann Tunikorn, Sompon Tanhan, Saksit Simcharoen and Budsabong Kanchanasaka 13. Metapopulation structure of Tigers in Nepal James L. David Smith, Charles McDougal, Sean C. Ahearn, Anup Joshi and Kathy Conforti Part III. Approaches to Tiger Conservation: A: Linking in situ and ex situ Tiger conservation: 14. Effective Tiger conservation requires co-operation Ron Tilson and Sarah Christie B: The trade in Tiger parts and what to do about it: 15. The beginning of the end of Tigers in trade Ginette Hemley and Judy Mills 16. Roaring back: Anti-poaching operations in the Russian Far East and the comeback of the Amur Tiger Steven Russell Galster and Karin Vaud Eliot 17. Tiger anti-trade and anti-poaching strategies for the Indian sub-continent Ashok Kumar and Belinda Wright C: People, Tiger habitat availability and linkages for the Tiger's future: 18. Where can Tigers live in the future? Eric D. Wikramanayake, Eric Dinerstein, John G. Robinson, K. Ullas Karanth, Alan Rabinowitz, David Olson, Thomas Mathew, Prashant Hedao, Melissa Connor, Ginette Hemley and Dolene Bolze 19. A habitat protection plan for the Amur Tiger Dale G. Miquelle, Troy W. Merrill, Yuri Dunishenko, Evgeny N. Smirnov, Howard B. Quigley, Dimitriy G. Pikunov and Maurice B. Hornocker 20. The tragedy of the Indian Tiger Valmik Thapar 21. Reconciling the needs of conservation and local communities Kathy MacKinnon, Hemanta Mishra and Jessica Mott 22. Tigers as neighbours Eric Dinerstein, Arun Rijal, Marnie Bookbinder, Bijaya Kattel and Arup Rajuria Epilogue: Securing the Tiger's future John Seidensticker, Peter Jackson and Sarah Christie Appendices Literature cited Index.

John M Goodrich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • interspecific relationships between the amur Tiger panthera tigris altaica and brown ursus arctos and asiatic black ursus thibetanus bears
    Biology Bulletin, 2018
    Co-Authors: John M Goodrich, Dale G Miquelle, Ivan V Seryodkin, A V Kostyria, Y K Petrunenko
    Abstract:

    During the years 1992–2013, we studied the relationship between Amur Tigers and brown and Asiatic black bears in the Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve and surrounding areas in the southern part of the Russian Far East. To determine the importance of bears in the diet of Tigers, 763 kills were located and identified, and 430 Tiger scat samples were collected and analyzed. To detect kills and scat samples, we used radio telemetry and satellite tracking, as well as snow-tracking. Relying on evidence revealed by tracks, as well as radio telemetry, we determined whether bears exploited Tiger kills as a food resource and how the two may have interacted at kill sites. Thirty-two Asiatic black bear and 12 brown bear den sites were measured to define properties that might assist in protection from the threat of a Tiger attack. We identified 641 instances of marking on trees by both Tigers and bears, an indication of the complexity of their relationship. Bears are an important part of the Tigers’ diet, representing 2.2% of all kills found. Bear remains were found in 8.4% of examined Tiger scat. Bears exploited Tiger kills after a Tiger had left, by usurping a kill, or by “sharing” a kill at alternate times. The occurrence of den properties that provided some protection from Tigers was dependent on the den type and location. Evidence of both Tiger and bear marking was detected at 50.1% of marked trees. A review of the literature on the relationship of Tigers and bears is provided.

  • using non invasively collected genetic data to estimate density and population size of Tigers in the bangladesh sundarbans
    Global Ecology and Conservation, 2017
    Co-Authors: Abdul M Aziz, John M Goodrich, Simon Tollington, Adam C D Barlow, Christina J Greenwood, Olutolani Smith, Mohammad Shamsuddoha, Anwarul M Islam
    Abstract:

    Abstract Population density is a key parameter to monitor endangered carnivores in the wild. The photographic capture-recapture method has been widely used for decades to monitor Tigers, Panthera tigris , however the application of this method in the Sundarbans Tiger landscape is challenging due to logistical difficulties. Therefore, we carried out molecular analyses of DNA contained in non-invasively collected genetic samples to assess the Tiger population in the Bangladesh Sundarbans within a spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) framework. By surveying four representative sample areas totalling 1994 km 2 of the Bangladesh Sundarbans, we collected 440 suspected Tiger scat and hair samples. Genetic screening of these samples provided 233 authenticated Tiger samples, which we attempted to amplify at 10 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci. Of these, 105 samples were successfully amplified, representing 45 unique genotype profiles. The capture-recapture analyses of these unique genotypes within the SECR model provided a density estimate of 2.85 ± SE 0.44 Tigers/100 km 2 (95% CI: 1.99–3.71 Tigers/100 km 2 ) for the area sampled, and an estimate of 121 Tigers (95% CI: 84–158 Tigers) for the total area of the Bangladesh Sundarbans. We demonstrate that this non-invasive genetic surveillance can be an additional approach for monitoring Tiger populations in a landscape where camera-trapping is challenging.

  • amur Tiger panthera tigris altaica energetic requirements implications for conserving wild Tigers
    Biological Conservation, 2014
    Co-Authors: John M Goodrich, Clayton S Miller, Mark Hebblewhite, Y K Petrunenko, Ivan V Seryodkin, Dale G Miquelle
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Global Tiger Recovery Program has identified increasing prey populations as a crucial component of recovering wild Tiger numbers because prey density is a key determinant of Tiger density, especially for Amur Tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica ) living at the northern limit of Tiger distribution, where both Tiger and prey densities are the lowest range wide. To understand potential prey requirements for Amur Tigers, we developed a predictive energetics model based on allometric scaling and literature values for the costs of reproduction to estimate energetic requirements. We parameterized the energetics model with empirical activity budgets and movement rates estimated from 5 GPS radiocollared Tigers between 2009 and 2013. To avoid starvation, adult male Tigers must consume a minimum of 5.2 kg/day, non-reproducing adult females 3.9 kg/day, and an adult female raising 4 cubs to independence needs 200% more energy, or an average of 11.4 kg/day over the 651 day reproduction period. Given knowledge of Amur Tiger diet composition and prey biomass in the Russian Far East, male Tigers would consume 24.8 prey per year, non-reproducing females 18.2 prey per year, and a female raising 4 cubs 53.8 prey per year. However, our energetics model underestimated empirical consumption rates, emphasizing that while the relative costs of reproduction are valid, wild Tigers are likely consuming more prey than predicted by basal metabolic demands alone. Quantifying the energetic requirements of Tigers allows resource managers to estimate nutritional carrying capacity, estimate the impact of Tigers on prey, and develop science-based conservation recommendations.

  • estimating amur Tiger panthera tigris altaica kill rates and potential consumption rates using global positioning system collars
    Journal of Mammalogy, 2013
    Co-Authors: John M Goodrich, Clayton S Miller, Mark Hebblewhite, Ivan V Seryodkin, Yuri K Petrunenko, Nicholas J Decesare, Dale G Miquelle
    Abstract:

    The International Union for Conservation of Nature has classified all subspecies of Tigers (Panthera tigris) as endangered and prey depletion is recognized as a primary driver of declines. Prey depletion may be particularly important for Amur Tigers (P. t. altaica) in the Russian Far East, living at the northern limits of their range and with the lowest prey densities of any Tiger population. Unfortunately, rigorous investigations of annual prey requirements for any Tiger population are lacking. We deployed global positioning system (GPS) collars on Amur Tigers during 2009–2012 to study annual kill rates in the Russian Far East. We investigated 380 GPS location clusters and detected 111 kill sites. We then used logistic regression to model both the probability of a kill site at location clusters and the size of prey species at kill sites according to several spatial and temporal cluster covariates. Our top model for predicting kill sites included the duration of the cluster in hours and cluster fidelity components as covariates (overall classification success 86.3%; receiver operating characteristic score of 0.894). Application of the model to all Tiger GPS data revealed that Amur Tigers in this study made a kill once every 6.5 days (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 5.9–7.2 days) and consumed an estimated average of 8.9 kg of prey biomass per day (95% CI 8.8–9.0 kg/day). The success of efforts to reverse Tiger declines will be at least partially determined by wildlife managers' ability to conserve large ungulates at adequate densities for recovering Tiger populations.

  • Conflicts between Amur (Siberian) Tigers and humans in the Russian Far East
    Biological Conservation, 2011
    Co-Authors: John M Goodrich, Dale G Miquelle, Ivan Seryodkin, Sergei L. Bereznuk
    Abstract:

    In 1999, the Russian Federation created a Tiger Response Team (TRT) to investigate and intervene in human–Tiger conflicts. We examined data collected on human-Amur Tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) conflicts from January 2000 through February 2009 to: (1) summarize and characterize human–Tiger conflicts in the area, (2) examine causes of human–Tiger conflicts, and (3) attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of the TRT. The team investigated 202 conflicts. Both attacks on humans and depredations were greatest in winter (X2 = 9, df = 3, P = 0.03 and X2 = 64, df = 3, P < 0.001, respectively). Tiger depredation on domestic animals was the most common type of conflict reported (57%), followed by Tigers near human habitations (22%), miscellaneous conflicts (12%), and attacks on humans (9%). Dogs were killed more commonly than other domestic animals (63% of 254 animals), likely because livestock were well managed. Nineteen attacks on humans were recorded resulting in 11 injuries and 2 deaths. Nearly four Tigers per year (n = 32 Tigers) died, were killed, or were removed from the wild, and all but 1 of 20 Tigers killed or removed from the wild by the TRT were considered unfit to survive in the wild. Attacks on humans (n = 19) were most often (77%) by wounded Tigers (80% of injuries were human-caused) and commonly provoked (47% of attacks). The effectiveness of interventions focused on reducing depredation on domestic animals was unclear, but data suggested that removal of injured and other unhealthy Tigers from the wild by the Tiger Response Team resulted in fewer human deaths. Our recommendations include that the TRT continues to work to reduce conflict by rapidly removing debilitated Tigers from the wild, explores different methods and technologies for reducing depredation on domestic animals, and increases their efforts to maintain Tigers in the wild through telemetry monitoring, translocation, and rehabilitation of orphaned cubs. Further, standardized data should be collected to evaluate all interventions, with information from evaluation guiding an adaptive management component of their human–Tiger conflict mitigation activities. This process should occur across Tiger landscapes in Asia to allow rapid assessment of interventions.