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Rekha S Singhal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Clavulanic Acid a review
Biotechnology Advances, 2008Co-Authors: Parag S Saudagar, Shrikant A Survase, Rekha S SinghalAbstract:Abstract Natural antibiotics are almost universal secondary metabolites, not essential for the growth of the producing organisms generally produced at low growth rates or after growth has ceased. Clavulanic Acid (CA), a naturally occurring powerful inhibitor of bacterial β-lactamases is a major β-lactam antibiotic produced by organism Streptomyces clavuligerus and is active against a wide spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The review discusses the biosynthetic pathway, fermentative production, downstream processing and applications of CA.
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immobilization of streptomyces clavuligerus on loofah sponge for the production of Clavulanic Acid
Bioresource Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Parag S Saudagar, Nikhil S Shaligram, Rekha S SinghalAbstract:Abstract Clavulanic Acid, a naturally occurring powerful inhibitor of bacterial β-lactamases, is produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus . The high void volume, permeability, and low cost of fibrous matrices prompted the use of Luffa cylindrica as a matrix for the immobilization of S. clavuligerus for the production of Clavulanic Acid. Immobilization of S. clavuligerus onto loofah sponge discs was studied with respect to the optimization of the inoculum size (number of discs) and its reusability for Clavulanic Acid production. Best yield of 1125 μg ml −1 Clavulanic Acid was reached with two discs of loofah sponge (each approximately 0.136 g dry weight) and 120 h duration in the first cycle. Data obtained during four reusable cycles showed reduction in the initiation time of Clavulanic Acid production, resulting in higher levels of Clavulanic Acid in shorter time duration. Immobilization of S. clavuligerus on to loofah sponge discs, therefore, permit repeated reuse under the specified fermentation conditions for Clavulanic Acid production.
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optimization of nutritional requirements and feeding strategies for Clavulanic Acid production by streptomyces clavuligerus
Bioresource Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Parag S Saudagar, Rekha S SinghalAbstract:Abstract The present work reports the nutritional requirements and environmental conditions for submerged culture of Streptomyces clavuligerus for Clavulanic Acid production using orthogonal matrix method (Taguchi L 16 design) and also fed-batch fermentation for Clavulanic Acid production by feeding glycerol, arginine and threonoine to the fermentation medium intermittently. Clavulanic Acid production was increased by 18% with the span of feeding glycerol and reached a maximum at 1.30 mg/ml with 120 h glycerol feeding as compared to 1.10 mg/ml in the control. The production also increased with the span of feeding amino Acids and reached a maximum of 1.31 and 1.86 mg/ml with feeding arginine and threonine, respectively in 120 h. There was an overall increase of 18% and 9% in Clavulanic Acid production with arginine and threonine feeding as compared to the respective controls (1.10 and 1.70 mg/ml, respectively).
Sanjay Sethi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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moxifloxacin versus amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid in outpatient acute exacerbations of copd maestral results
European Respiratory Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Robert A Wilson, Antonio Anzueto, Marc Miravitlles, Pierre Arvis, Jeff Alder, Daniel Haverstock, Mila Trajanovic, Sanjay SethiAbstract:Bacterial infections causing acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) frequently require antibacterial treatment. More evidence is needed to guide antibiotic choice. The Moxifloxacin in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis TriaL (MAESTRAL) was a multiregional, randomised, double-blind non-inferiority outpatient study. Patients were aged ≥60 yrs, with an Anthonisen type I exacerbation, a forced expiratory volume in 1 s p.o. q.d. (5 days) or amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid 875/125 mg p.o. b.i.d. (7 days). The primary end-point was clinical failure 8 weeks post-therapy in the per protocol population. Moxifloxacin was noninferior to amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid at the primary end-point (111 (20.6%) out of 538, versus 114 (22.0%) out of 518, respectively; 95% CI -5.89–3.83%). In patients with confirmed bacterial AECOPD, moxifloxacin led to significantly lower clinical failure rates than amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid (in the intent-to-treat with pathogens, 62 (19.0%) out of 327 versus 85 (25.4%) out of 335, respectively; p = 0.016). Confirmed bacterial eradication at end of therapy was associated with higher clinical cure rates at 8 weeks post-therapy overall (p = 0.0014) and for moxifloxacin (p = 0.003). Patients treated with oral corticosteroids had more severe disease and higher failure rates. The MAESTRAL study showed that moxifloxacin was as effective as amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid in the treatment of outpatients with AECOPD. Both therapies were well tolerated.
Clifton E Barry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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meropenem Clavulanic Acid shows activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis in vivo
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2012Co-Authors: Kathleen England, Helena I Boshoff, Kriti Arora, Danielle M Weiner, Emmanuel Dayao, Daniel Schimel, Laura E Via, Clifton E BarryAbstract:The carbapenems imipenem and meropenem in combination with Clavulanic Acid reduced the bacterial burden in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages by 2 logs over 6 days. Despite poor stability in solution and a short half-life in rodents, treatment of chronically infected mice revealed significant reductions of bacterial burden in the lungs and spleens. Our results show that meropenem has activity in two in vivo systems, but stability and pharmacokinetics of long-term administration will offer significant challenges to clinical evaluation.
Adnan Abaci - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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kounis syndrome secondary to amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid use
International Journal of Cardiology, 2008Co-Authors: Yusuf Tavil, Murat Turfan, Sedat Turkoglu, Adnan AbaciAbstract:Myocardial injury and acute coronary syndrome have been rarely associated with amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid intake. The responsible pathogenetic mechanism is described by an amplified mast cell degranulation inducing coronary artery spasm and/or acute myocardial infarction in susceptible individuals which is called Kounis syndrome. We report here a case of Kounis syndrome presented with acute coronary syndrome due to amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid use. All other etiologies, including ischemic reinfarction were appropriately ruled out.
Andrea Gallamini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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False-positive Aspergillus galactomannan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results in vivo during amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid treatment
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2004Co-Authors: Daniele Mattei, Davide Rapezzi, Federica Cuda, Maura Musso, Aldo Arnelli, Sebastiano Cagnassi, Nicola Mordini, Cristiana Lo Nigro, Andrea GallaminiAbstract:Positive Platelia Aspergillus test results were observed in consecutive serum samples from an immunocompromised host during amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid treatment, and a correlation between plasmatic amoxicillin concentration and galactomannan optical density index was observed. Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid vials tested positive for galactomannan but were negative for Aspergillus DNA.