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Prinya Chindaprasirt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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use of crushed Clay Brick and pumice aggregates in lightweight geopolymer concrete
Construction and Building Materials, 2018Co-Authors: Ampol Wongsa, Vanchai Sata, Peem Nuaklong, Prinya ChindaprasirtAbstract:Abstract The study aimed to examine the properties of lightweight high-calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete (LWGC) containing crushed Clay Brick and pumice aggregates. A high-calcium fly ash activated by sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solutions was used as the geopolymer binder. The properties of LWGCs including workability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, surface abrasion resistance, density, thermal conductivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and fire resistance were investigated and compared with those of the normal density control geopolymer concrete. Temperatures corresponding to 400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C were used to test the fire resistance of the concretes. The results indicated that both crushed Clay Brick and pumice LWGCs exhibited better thermal insulation and fire resistance characteristics when compared to that of the geopolymer containing natural aggregates (CGCs). The results suggested that the LWGCs produced with crushed Clay Brick aggregate are suitable for structural lightweight concrete. With respect to LWGCs produced with pumice aggregate, the compressive strength was significantly lower, and is sutiable for the manufacture of concrete blocks.
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Utilization of waste glass to enhance physical–mechanical properties of fired Clay Brick
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016Co-Authors: Nonthaphong Phonphuak, Siwadol Kanyakam, Prinya ChindaprasirtAbstract:Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the enhancement of physical–mechanical properties of fired Clay Brick by incorporating waste glass in order to reduce the firing temperature. The ground waste glass was incorporated to the Clay body at the dosages of 0, 5 and 10% by weight. Three temperatures viz., 900, 950 and 1000 °C were used for firing. Compressive strength, water absorption, density, and porosity of the fired Clay Bricks were tested. The study showed that the incorporation of up to 10 wt.% of waste glass to Clay Bricks and fired at the temperatures of 900–1000 °C enhanced the properties of fired Clay Bricks. The SEM micrographs showed the increased glass phase and reduced porosity with waste glass addition. The use of 10 wt.% waste glass and firing at 900 °C yielded Bricks with similar strength compared to that of normal Clay Brick fired at 1000 °C. This allowed the use of low firing temperature of 900 °C instead of the normally used 1000 °C. The study also revealed that in addition to the glass phase fused-bond with the Clay Brick bodies, the fusion of crystalline quartz in Clay also played an important role in enhancing the properties of Clay Bricks. As a conclusion, waste glass can be utilized in making Brick to enhance the physical–mechanical properties of the fired Clay Brick or to lower the firing temperature.
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utilization of waste glass to enhance physical mechanical properties of fired Clay Brick
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016Co-Authors: Nonthaphong Phonphuak, Siwadol Kanyakam, Prinya ChindaprasirtAbstract:Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the enhancement of physical–mechanical properties of fired Clay Brick by incorporating waste glass in order to reduce the firing temperature. The ground waste glass was incorporated to the Clay body at the dosages of 0, 5 and 10% by weight. Three temperatures viz., 900, 950 and 1000 °C were used for firing. Compressive strength, water absorption, density, and porosity of the fired Clay Bricks were tested. The study showed that the incorporation of up to 10 wt.% of waste glass to Clay Bricks and fired at the temperatures of 900–1000 °C enhanced the properties of fired Clay Bricks. The SEM micrographs showed the increased glass phase and reduced porosity with waste glass addition. The use of 10 wt.% waste glass and firing at 900 °C yielded Bricks with similar strength compared to that of normal Clay Brick fired at 1000 °C. This allowed the use of low firing temperature of 900 °C instead of the normally used 1000 °C. The study also revealed that in addition to the glass phase fused-bond with the Clay Brick bodies, the fusion of crystalline quartz in Clay also played an important role in enhancing the properties of Clay Bricks. As a conclusion, waste glass can be utilized in making Brick to enhance the physical–mechanical properties of the fired Clay Brick or to lower the firing temperature.
Jason Ingham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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in plane strengthening of Clay Brick unreinforced masonry wallettes using ecc shotcrete
Engineering Structures, 2014Co-Authors: Yiwei Lin, Liam Wotherspoon, Allan Scott, Jason InghamAbstract:Abstract New Zealand’s stock of unreinforced masonry (URM) bearing wall buildings was principally constructed between 1880 and 1935, using fired Clay Bricks and lime or cement mortar. These buildings are particularly vulnerable to horizontal loadings such as those induced by seismic accelerations, due to a lack of tensile force-resisting elements in their construction. The poor seismic performance of URM buildings was recently demonstrated in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake, where a large number of URM buildings suffered irreparable damage and resulted in a significant number of fatalities and casualties. One of the predominant failure modes that occurs in URM buildings is diagonal shear cracking of masonry piers. This diagonal cracking is caused by earthquake loading orientated parallel to the wall surface and typically generates an “X” shaped crack pattern due to the reversed cyclic nature of earthquake accelerations. Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) is a class of fiber reinforced cement composite that exhibits a strain-hardening characteristic when loaded in tension. The tensile characteristics of ECC make it an ideal material for seismic strengthening of Clay Brick unreinforced masonry walls. Testing was conducted on 25 Clay Brick URM wallettes to investigate the increase in shear strength for a range of ECC thicknesses applied to the masonry wallettes as externally bonded shotcrete reinforcement. The results indicated that there is a diminishing return between thickness of the applied ECC overlay and the shear strength increase obtained. It was also shown that, the effectiveness of the externally bonded reinforcement remained constant for one and two leaf wallettes, but decreased rapidly for wall thicknesses greater than two leafs. The average pseudo-ductility of the strengthened wallettes was equal to 220% of that of the as-built wallettes, demonstrating that ECC shotcrete is effective at enhancing both the in-plane strength and the pseudo-ductility of URM wallettes.
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Diagonal tension strength of vintage unreinforced Clay Brick masonry wall panels
Construction and Building Materials, 2013Co-Authors: Dmytro Dizhur, Jason InghamAbstract:Abstract An experimental program was implemented where wall panels were obtained from two existing vintage unreinforced Clay Brick masonry (URM) buildings and subjected to a diagonal compression loading condition in order to induce a diagonal tension failure mode. The principal aims of the experimental program were to establish the diagonal tension strength of the vintage Clay Brick URM walls present in the two buildings and to establish a benchmark mortar mix suitable for use when manufacturing replica Clay Brick test assemblages that adequately represent the strength characteristics present in vintage URM buildings. It was concluded that the use of recycled Clay Bricks acquired from vintage URM buildings and a mortar mix of 1:2:9 (cement:lime:sand) appropriately replicates the material strength characteristics that are present in existing vintage Clay Brick URM buildings located in New Zealand.
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cyclic out of plane behavior of slender Clay Brick masonry walls seismically strengthened using posttensioning
Journal of Structural Engineering-asce, 2012Co-Authors: Najif Ismail, Jason InghamAbstract:AbstractEquations for the design of a posttensioned seismic retrofit of unreinforced Clay Brick masonry walls are discussed, and results from an associated experimental program are reported. A total of eight full-scale multiwythe vintage solid Clay Brick masonry walls were subjected to uniformly distributed one-directional and reverse cyclic out-of-plane loading, of which two walls were tested as built and six walls were seismically retrofitted using unbonded posttensioning. Test wall configurations and constituent masonry materials were selected to replicate typical characteristics of historic Clay Brick masonry walls. The test walls were seismically retrofitted by applying varying magnitudes of posttensioning using a single tendon inserted into a cavity located at the center of each test wall. Several aspects pertaining to the seismic behavior of posttensioned masonry walls were investigated, including damage patterns, force-displacement behavior, tendon stress variation, wall secant stiffness, hysteret...
Rudolf Seracino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bond behavior of near surface mounted frp strips bonded to modern Clay Brick masonry prisms influence of strip orientation and compression perpendicular to the strip
Journal of Composites for Construction, 2009Co-Authors: R B Petersen, Mark J Masia, Rudolf SeracinoAbstract:In this paper the results of 18 pull tests performed on Clay Brick masonry prisms strengthened with near-surface mounted carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips are presented. The pull tests were designed to add to the existing database and investigate variables significant to masonry construction. FRP was bonded to solid Clay Brick masonry; FRP aligned both perpendicular and parallel to the bed joint; and in the case of FRP reinforcement aligned parallel to the bed joint, compression applied perpendicular to the strip was used to simulate vertical compression load in masonry walls. Results including bond strength, critical bond length, and the local bond-slip relationship are presented as well as a discussion on the effect of the new variables on these results.
Owen Rosenboom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reversed in plane cyclic behavior of posttensioned Clay Brick masonry walls
Journal of Structural Engineering-asce, 2004Co-Authors: Owen Rosenboom, Mervyn J. KowalskyAbstract:A series of five large scale Clay Brick masonry structural walls are subjected to in-plane simulated seismic forces. The walls utilize posttensioning steel to provide flexural strength. The primary objective of the research is to investigate five basic configurations of posttensioning to determine which has the most desirable characteristics for seismic performance. In the study, the variables of interest were ! 1" bonded versus unbonded posttensioning steel, ! 2" confined versus unconfined masonry, ! 3" grouted versus ungrouted masonry, and ! 4" application of supplemental mild steel for energy dissipation. Following the results of the tests, it was shown that the best performing configuration utilized unbonded posttensioning and confinement. By utilizing unbonded posttensioning, walls have little residual deformation after loading, thus yielding structures that would require very little repair, even after large seismic events. Such behavior comes with the price of reduced energy dissipation, however. Presented in the paper are the results of the tests as well as results of a simple analysis method for prediction of wall capacity.
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Post-Tensioned Clay Brick Masonry Walls for Modular Housing in Seismic Regions
2002Co-Authors: Owen RosenboomAbstract:ROSENBOOM, OWEN ARTHUR. Post-Tensioned Clay Brick Masonry Walls for Modular Housing in Seismic Regions. (Under the direction of Dr. Mervyn Kowalsky.) From past research post-tensioned concrete masonry walls have performed well due to in-plane loading, yet despite the advantage of being more aesthetically pleasing, post-tensioned Clay Brick masonry walls have not been investigated under this loading. Five half scale structural specimens using this system were constructed and tested, and the results from these tests plus a proposed force-displacement analysis procedure are included herein. The results show that post-tensioned Clay Brick masonry walls are well suited for seismic regions when the walls are grouted and unbonded, and the presence of confinement plates in the compression region greatly enhances the overall performance of the wall. In addition, the force-displacement analysis shows that in order to account for the overall behavior of the wall, cyclic degradation characteristics must be included. POST-TENSIONED Clay Brick MASONRY WALLS FOR MODULAR HOUSING IN SEISMIC REGIONS
R B Petersen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bond behavior of near surface mounted frp strips bonded to modern Clay Brick masonry prisms influence of strip orientation and compression perpendicular to the strip
Journal of Composites for Construction, 2009Co-Authors: R B Petersen, Mark J Masia, Rudolf SeracinoAbstract:In this paper the results of 18 pull tests performed on Clay Brick masonry prisms strengthened with near-surface mounted carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips are presented. The pull tests were designed to add to the existing database and investigate variables significant to masonry construction. FRP was bonded to solid Clay Brick masonry; FRP aligned both perpendicular and parallel to the bed joint; and in the case of FRP reinforcement aligned parallel to the bed joint, compression applied perpendicular to the strip was used to simulate vertical compression load in masonry walls. Results including bond strength, critical bond length, and the local bond-slip relationship are presented as well as a discussion on the effect of the new variables on these results.
