Tensile Force

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William C Hutton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the biomechanical relationship between the tendoachilles plantar fascia and metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion angle
    Foot & Ankle International, 2000
    Co-Authors: Robert E Carlson, Lamar L Fleming, William C Hutton
    Abstract:

    We carried out an experiment to measure the relationship between Tensile Force in the tendoachilles and plantar fascia strain, and how this relationship is affected by the metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion angle. Eight cadaver lower extremity specimens underwent biomechanical testing. Using a servo-hydraulic testing machine, a Tensile Force up to 500 N was applied to the tendoachilles while the strain on the plantar fascia was measured using an extensometer. The experiment was repeated at four different metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion angles (0°, 5°, 30°, and 45°). Measurements and calculations showed that dorsiflexion of the toes tightens the plantar fascia (the windlass effect) and increases the effect that a Tensile Force in the tendoachilles has on the Tensile strain and Tensile Force in the plantar fascia.

  • the biomechanical relationship between the tendoachilles plantar fascia and metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion angle
    Foot & Ankle International, 2000
    Co-Authors: Robert E Carlson, Lamar L Fleming, William C Hutton
    Abstract:

    We carried out an experiment to measure the relationship between Tensile Force in the tendoachilles and plantar fascia strain, and how this relationship is affected by the metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion angle. Eight cadaver lower extremity specimens underwent biomechanical testing. Using a servo-hydraulic testing machine, a Tensile Force up to 500 N was applied to the tendoachilles while the strain on the plantar fascia was measured using an extensometer. The experiment was repeated at four different metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion angles (0 degrees, 5 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees). Measurements and calculations showed that dorsiflexion of the toes tightens the plantar fascia (the windlass effect) and increases the effect that a Tensile Force in the tendoachilles has on the Tensile strain and Tensile Force in the plantar fascia.

Neeracha Sanchavanakit - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cyclic Tensile Force upregulated il6 increases mmp3 expression by human periodontal ligament cells
    Archives of Oral Biology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yanee Tantilertanant, Jitti Niyompanich, Vincent Everts, Pitt Supaphol, Prasit Pavasant, Neeracha Sanchavanakit
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective Cyclic Tensile Force (CTF) modulates physiological responses of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. PDL cells are mechanosensitive and are able to maintain tissue homeostasis; a process mediated by the expression of particular cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL6). It is unknown whether CTF-induced IL6 regulates the expression of MMPs, enzymes needed for tissue remodeling. Design Human PDL cells were subjected to 10% elongation strain of CTF at a frequency of 60 rpm continuously for 6 h. RNA and proteins were extracted and analyzed for IL6 and MMP expression by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Using a neutralizing anti-IL6 antibody and addition of recombinant human IL6 at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 ng.mL−1 were performed to clarify whether CTF-upregulated IL6 increased MMP expression. Inhibitors of intracellular signaling molecules were employed to reveal possible pathway(s) of IL6-induced MMP expression. Results CTF-induced IL6 expression coincided with an increased MMP3 expression. A neutralizing anti-IL6 antibody attenuated the CTF-increased MMP3 expression, whereas stimulating the cells with recombinant human IL6 increased MMP3 expression. Both PI3K and MAPK pathways were essential in the IL6 induced expression of MMP3. Conclusion Our findings suggest a role of CTF in the modulation of expression of IL6 and MMP3 and thus in the regulation of homeostasis and remodeling of the periodontal ligament.

  • cyclic Tensile Force stimulates bmp9 synthesis and in vitro mineralization by human periodontal ligament cells
    Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yanee Tantilertanant, Jitti Niyompanich, Vincent Everts, Pitt Supaphol, Prasit Pavasant, Neeracha Sanchavanakit
    Abstract:

    Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells are mechanosensitive and have the potential to differentiate into osteoblast-like cells under the influence of cyclic Tensile Force (CTF). CTF modulates the expression of regulatory proteins including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which are essential for the homeostasis of the periodontium. Among the BMPs, BMP9 is one of the most potent osteogenic BMPs. It is yet unknown whether CTF affects the expression of BMP9 and mineralization. Here, we demonstrated that continuously applied CTF for only the first 6 hr stimulated the synthesis of BMP9 and induced mineral deposition within 14 days by human PDL cells. Stimulation of BMP9 expression depended on ATP and P2Y 1 receptors. Apyrase, an ecto-ATPase, inhibited CTF-mediated ATP-induced BMP9 expression. The addition of ATP increased the expression of BMP9. Loss of function experiments using suramin (a broad-spectrum P2Y antagonist), MRS2179 (a specific P2Y 1 receptor antagonist), MRS 2365 (a specific P2Y 1 agonist), U-73122 (a phospholipase C [PLC] inhibitor), and thapsigargin (enhancer of intracytosolic calcium) revealed the participation of P2Y 1 in regulating the expression of BMP9. This was mediated by an increased level of intracellular Ca 2+ through the PLC pathway. A neutralizing anti-BMP9 antibody decreased mineral deposition, which was stimulated by CTF for almost 45% indicating a role of BMP9 in an in vitro mineralization. Collectively, our findings suggest an essential modulatory role of CTF in the homeostasis and regeneration of the periodontium.

Kai-nan An - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Wireless Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Tensile Force on Sutured Wound Sites
    IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2016
    Co-Authors: Andrew Derouin, Nina Pacella, Chunfeng Zhao, Kai-nan An
    Abstract:

    A new wireless sensor was designed, fabricated, and applied for in situ monitoring of Tensile Force at a wound site. The sensor was comprised of a thin strip of magnetoelastic material with its two ends connected to suture threads for securing the sensor across a wound repair site. Since the sensor was remotely interrogated by applying an ac magnetic field and capturing the resulting magnetic field, it did not require direct wire connections to an external device or internal battery for long-term use. Due to its magnetoelastic property, the application of a Tensile Force changed the magnetic permeability of the sensor, altering the amplitude of the measured magnetic field. This study presents two sensor designs: one for high and one for low-Force ranges. A sensor was fabricated by directly adhering the magnetoelastic strip to the suture. This sensor showed good sensitivity at low Force, but its response saturated at about 1.5 N. To monitor high Tensile Force, the magnetoelastic strip was attached to a metal strip for load sharing. The suture thread was attached to the both ends of the metal strip so only a fraction of the applied Force was directed to the sensor, allowing it to exhibit good sensitivity even at 44.5 N. The sensor was applied to two ex vivo models: a sutured section of porcine skin and a whitetail deer Achilles tendon. The results demonstrate the potential for in vivo Force monitoring at a wound repair site.

Masahiro Sokabe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Tensile loads on tethered actin filaments induce accumulation of cell adhesion associated proteins in vitro
    Langmuir, 2019
    Co-Authors: Daisuke Kiyoshima, Hiroaki Hirata, Hitoshi Tatsumi, Masahiro Sokabe
    Abstract:

    Focal adhesions (FAs) and adherens junctions (AJs), which serve as a mechanical interface of cell–matrix and cell–cell interactions, respectively, experience Tensile Force either originating from the deformation of the surrounding tissues or generated by the actomyosin machinery in the cell. These mechanical inputs cause enlargement of FAs and AJs, while the detailed mechanism for the Force-dependent development of FAs and AJs remain unclear. Both FAs and AJs provide sites for tethering of actin filaments and actin polymerization. Here, we develop a cell-free system, in which actin filaments are tethered to glass surfaces, and show that application of Tensile Force to the tethered filaments in the cell extract induces accumulation of several FA and AJ proteins, associated with further accumulation of actin filaments via de novo actin polymerization. Decline in the Tensile Force results in a decrease in the amount of the accumulated proteins. These results suggest that the Tensile Force acting on the tethe...

  • quantifying Tensile Force and erk phosphorylation on actin stress fibers
    Methods of Molecular Biology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Hiroaki Hirata, Mukund Gupta, Sri Ram Krishna Vedula, Chwee Teck Lim, Benoit Ladoux, Masahiro Sokabe
    Abstract:

    ERK associates with the actin cytoskeleton, and the actin-associated pool of ERK can be activated (phosphorylated in the activation loop) to induce specific cell responses. Increasing evidence has shown that mechanical conditions of cells significantly affect ERK activation. In particular, tension developed in the actin cytoskeleton has been implicated as a critical mechanism driving ERK signaling. However, a quantitative study of the relationship between actin tension and ERK phosphorylation is missing. In this chapter, we describe our novel methods to quantify Tensile Force and ERK phosphorylation on individual actin stress fibers. These methods have enabled us to show that ERK is activated on stress fibers in a Tensile Force-dependent manner.

  • effect of Tensile Force on the mechanical behavior of actin filaments
    Journal of Biomechanics, 2011
    Co-Authors: Shinji Matsushita, Yasuhiro Inoue, Masaki Hojo, Masahiro Sokabe, Taiji Adachi
    Abstract:

    Actin filaments are the most abundant components of the cellular cytoskeleton, and play critical roles in various cellular functions such as migration, division and shape control. In these activities, mechanical tension causes structural changes in the double-helical structure of the actin filament, which is a key modulator of cytoskeletal reorganization. This study performed large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) and steered MD simulations to quantitatively analyze the effects of Tensile Force on the mechanical behavior of actin filaments. The results revealed that when a Tensile Force of 200pN was applied to a filament consisting of 14 actin subunits, the twist angle of the filament decreased by approximately 20°, corresponding to a rotation of approximately -2° per subunit, representing a critical structural change in actin filaments. Based on these structural changes, the variance in filament length and twist angle was found to decrease, leading to increases in extensional and torsional stiffness. Torsional stiffness increased significantly under the Tensile condition, and the ratio of filament stiffness under Tensile Force to that under no external Force increased significantly on longer temporal scales. The results obtained from this study contribute to the understanding of mechano-chemical interactions concerning actin dynamics, showing that increased Tensile Force in the filament prevents actin regulatory proteins from binding to the filament.

Rodger P Mcever - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

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