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H Manjunatha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • free radical scavenging antioxidant enzymes and wound healing activities of leaves extracts from Clerodendrum infortunatum l
    Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2010
    Co-Authors: K Gouthamchandra, R Mahmood, H Manjunatha
    Abstract:

    Abstract Three successive extracts of Clerodendrum infortunatum L. leaves have been studied for their potential as antioxidants in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) model. The scavenging activity of ethanol extract was found to be high when compared to petroleum ether and chloroform extracts. Hence, it was selected to evaluate the beneficial properties using in vitro and in vivo models. The antioxidant and its protective effects against CCl 4 induced oxidative stress in rats were significantly high. Further, to validate the traditional therapeutic claim, wound healing activity of the plant extracts was also carried out. Among the three extracts tested the petroleum ether and ethanol extracts exhibited a significant response. The presence of high antioxidant and pharmacological properties correlates to the total phenolic contents in the plant Clerodendrum infortunatum L.

K Gouthamchandra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • free radical scavenging antioxidant enzymes and wound healing activities of leaves extracts from Clerodendrum infortunatum l
    Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2010
    Co-Authors: K Gouthamchandra, R Mahmood, H Manjunatha
    Abstract:

    Abstract Three successive extracts of Clerodendrum infortunatum L. leaves have been studied for their potential as antioxidants in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) model. The scavenging activity of ethanol extract was found to be high when compared to petroleum ether and chloroform extracts. Hence, it was selected to evaluate the beneficial properties using in vitro and in vivo models. The antioxidant and its protective effects against CCl 4 induced oxidative stress in rats were significantly high. Further, to validate the traditional therapeutic claim, wound healing activity of the plant extracts was also carried out. Among the three extracts tested the petroleum ether and ethanol extracts exhibited a significant response. The presence of high antioxidant and pharmacological properties correlates to the total phenolic contents in the plant Clerodendrum infortunatum L.

R Mahmood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • free radical scavenging antioxidant enzymes and wound healing activities of leaves extracts from Clerodendrum infortunatum l
    Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2010
    Co-Authors: K Gouthamchandra, R Mahmood, H Manjunatha
    Abstract:

    Abstract Three successive extracts of Clerodendrum infortunatum L. leaves have been studied for their potential as antioxidants in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) model. The scavenging activity of ethanol extract was found to be high when compared to petroleum ether and chloroform extracts. Hence, it was selected to evaluate the beneficial properties using in vitro and in vivo models. The antioxidant and its protective effects against CCl 4 induced oxidative stress in rats were significantly high. Further, to validate the traditional therapeutic claim, wound healing activity of the plant extracts was also carried out. Among the three extracts tested the petroleum ether and ethanol extracts exhibited a significant response. The presence of high antioxidant and pharmacological properties correlates to the total phenolic contents in the plant Clerodendrum infortunatum L.

James R. Manhart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Richard G Olmstead - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • further disintegration and redefinition of Clerodendrum lamiaceae implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy
    Taxon, 2010
    Co-Authors: Dorothy A Steane, D J Mabberley, Yaowu Yuan, Richard G Olmstead
    Abstract:

    The genus Clerodendrum s.l. is polyphyletic. Although recent studies have resulted in C. subg. Cyclonema and C. sect. Konocalyx being removed to the resurrected genus Rotheca, and the unispecific genus Huxleya being sunk into Clerodendrum, it has been unclear whether Clerodendrum as currently circumscribed is monophyletic, particularly in relation to the American genera Aegiphila, Amasonia, and Tetraclea. This phylogenetic study employs four relatively fast-evolving chloroplast DNA regions, trnT-L, trnL-F, trnD-T, and trnS-fM, to clarify the generic boundaries of Clerodendrum and its relationship to allied genera. The results corroborate previous studies that there are three well-supported clades in the currently recognized Clerodendrum: an Asian clade, an African clade, and a Pantropical Coastal clade. The Asian clade and African clade are sister groups and together form a monophyletic group. However, the Pantropical Coastal clade is more closely related to the three American genera than it is to the other two Clerodendrum clades. In addition, a Caribbean species, C. spinosum, is found to be more closely related to the American genera than it is to any of the three major Clerodendrum groups. These results indicate that Clerodendrum as currently circumscribed is not monophyletic. We propose to separate the Pantropical Coastal clade and C. spinosum by reviving the genera Volkameria (including Huxleya) and Ovieda, respectively for these, and to restrict Clerodendrum to the Asian and African clades. Brief descriptions of the genera to be recognized are provided. All Neotropical ‘Clerodendrum’ taxa are referred to other genera, necessitating six new combinations, which are also provided, where required, for two other well-studied Old World Volkameria species; all names ever used in Ovieda are given their modern placings (two placed newly in synonymy). The study also sheds light on the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy that avoids self-pollination or/and sexual interference. This strategy involves presentation of pollen and stigma in the centre of the flower in a sequential fashion by moving the filaments and style. It appears to have evolved in the common ancestor of Clerodendrum, Volkameria, Ovieda, Amasonia, Tetraclea, Aegiphila and Kalaharia, and still occurs in all of these taxa except Aegiphila, where it has been succeeded by a heterostylous system.

  • phylogenetic relationships between Clerodendrum lamiaceae and other ajugoid genera inferred from nuclear and chloroplast dna sequence data
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2004
    Co-Authors: Dorothy A Steane, Richard G Olmstead
    Abstract:

    Over the last two centuries the circumscription of the large, pan-tropical genus Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae) has changed frequently, as different authorities have added or removed taxa on the basis of various morphological characters. With the development of molecular methods for systematic research the process of circumscribing taxa has become increasingly analytical. When morphology signals the possibility that taxa are closely related, molecular methods can be used to test the hypothesis objectively. Aegiphila, Amasonia, Huxleya, and Kalaharia are similar morphologically to Clerodendrum. In this paper we use nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast ndhF sequence data to clarify the positions of these four genera relative to Clerodendrum. We show that the Australian monotypic genus Huxleya evolved from within Clerodendrum. Accordingly, we sink Huxleya into Clerodendrum and make a new combination, Clerodendrum linifolium.

  • molecular systematics of Clerodendrum lamiaceae its sequences and total evidence
    American Journal of Botany, 1999
    Co-Authors: Dorothy A Steane, Robert W Scotland, D J Mabberley, Richard G Olmstead
    Abstract:

    Thirty-three species of Clerodendrum s.l. and five outgroup genera were included in a sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacers of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. The results of the cladistic analysis were compared to and combined with cpDNA restriction site data from a previous study. All molecular data identified four major clades within Clerodendrum s.l. and showed the genus to be polyphyletic. Clerodendrum s.s., minus Konocalyx and Cyclonema, is monophyletic and the genus should be restricted to this group. Cyclonema and Konocalyx form a clade distinct from Clerodendrum s.s., which has been recognized as Rotheca Raf.

  • phylogenetic relationships of Clerodendrum s l lamiaceae inferred from chloroplast dna
    Systematic Botany, 1997
    Co-Authors: Dorothy A Steane, Robert W Scotland, D J Mabberley, S J Wagstaff, Patrick A Reeves, Richard G Olmstead
    Abstract:

    Seventy-nine accessions representing forty-seven taxa of Clerodendrumn s.l. (Lamiaceae) and seven putative outgroup genera are included in an analysis of chloroplast DNA restriction sites for ten enzymes. Parsimony analysis of 456 potentially informative characters identifies four large discrete clades (Clades I-IV) within Clerodenidruim s.l. and shows that Clerodendruim s.l. is polyphyletic. Clades I and II comprise Asian and African taxa respectively. Clade III comprises coastal species from Africa, Asia and central America and presents an hypothesis of relationship within Clerodendrutm that has not previously been explicit in classifications of the genus. Clade IV, comprising subg. Cyclonema and sect. Konocalyx (subg. Clerodendrrnm pro parte) emerges as a lineage distinct from the rest of Clerodendrtni. Traditional sections Squamnata, Odontocalyx (subg. Clerodendrutm), Cyclonenia and Stacheocymosa (subg. Cycloinema) are well-supported mono- phyletic groups. Subgenus Clerodenidrutm and sections Clerodendrutm and Axilliflora (subg. Clerodendrnm pro parte) are shown to be polyphyletic. The polyphyly of Clerodendruni s.l. is also supported by a separate analysis of chloroplast ndhF sequences, in which a smaller sampling of Clerodendruman is included in a broader sample of labiate genera. The ndhF sequence data suggest that Tetraclea belongs in Clade I of Clerodendruni and support the monophyly of the recently circumscribed subfamily Teucriodeae.

  • Molecular systematics of Clerodendrum L. s. l. (Lamiaceae).
    American Journal of Botany, 1996
    Co-Authors: Dorothy A Steane, Richard G Olmstead
    Abstract:

    Clerodendrum L. s.l. (formerly Verbenaceae) is a large pan tropical-genus, comprising ca. 400 morphologically diverse species. Delimitation and subdivision of the genus based on morphological studies have been problematic. Parsimony analysis of cpDNA restriciton site data shows that Clerodendrum s.l. is polyphyletic. This polyphyly is confirmed by separate analyses of (1) chloroplast ndhF sequences and (2) nuclear ITS sequences. Subgenus Cyclonema and section Konocalyx (subgenus Clerodendrum pro parte) are monophyletic and emerge as a lineage distinct from the rest of Clerodendrum. Cyclonema (Hochst.) should be reinstated as a genus, the delimitation of which should include section Konocalyx. Clerodendrum s.s. comprises three discrete clades, two of which correspond to biogeography: African species and Asian species. The third clade contains coastal species from Africa, Asia and central America. These results have important implications for the subdivision of Clerodendrum s.s. and indicate the need for a thorough morphological revision of the genus