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Richard G Olmstead - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Origins of North American arid‐land Verbenaceae: More than one way to skin a cat
American Journal of Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Laura A. Frost, Sarah Mcadams Tyson, Patricia Lu-irving, Nataly O'leary, Richard G OlmsteadAbstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Verbenaceae originated and initially diversified in South America in wet forest habitats. They have diversified extensively in arid habitats in both South and North America. This study aims to understand the origin of the North American arid-land members of Verbenaceae. METHODS: A phylogenetic approach is used to examine four genera (Aloysia, Citharexylum, Glandularia, Verbena) in three distinct clades with representatives in North American deserts and disjunct South and North American distributions. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Analyses included both plastid and nuclear DNA regions and include the first study of Citharexylum and an expanded sampling of tribe Verbeneae (Glandularia and Verbena). Ancestral areas were reconstructed for each group. KEY RESULTS: North American desert species of Aloysia and Glandularia were likely derived from ancestors in arid temperate South America, perhaps by long-distance dispersal. The pattern for Verbena was less clear, with evidence from plastid DNA implicating an Andean dispersal route to the North American clade, whereas nuclear data suggest that the Andean and North American species resulted from independent dispersals from southern South America. A previously unrecognized clade of Andean Verbeneae was discovered, raising the possibility of an Andean origin of Verbena or Verbena and Glandularia. North American desert species of Citharexylum represent multiple, independent origins from mesic habitat ancestors in Mesoamerica. CONCLUSIONS: North American arid-zone Verbenaceae are derived from South and Central American ancestors via multiple avenues, including long-distance, amphitropical dispersal, Andean migration corridors, and in situ evolution of desert-adapted species.
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origins of north american arid land Verbenaceae more than one way to skin a cat
American Journal of Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Laura Frost, Patricia Luirving, Nataly Oleary, Sarah Mcadams Tyson, Richard G OlmsteadAbstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Verbenaceae originated and initially diversified in South America in wet forest habitats. They have diversified extensively in arid habitats in both South and North America. This study aims to understand the origin of the North American arid-land members of Verbenaceae. METHODS: A phylogenetic approach is used to examine four genera (Aloysia, Citharexylum, Glandularia, Verbena) in three distinct clades with representatives in North American deserts and disjunct South and North American distributions. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Analyses included both plastid and nuclear DNA regions and include the first study of Citharexylum and an expanded sampling of tribe Verbeneae (Glandularia and Verbena). Ancestral areas were reconstructed for each group. KEY RESULTS: North American desert species of Aloysia and Glandularia were likely derived from ancestors in arid temperate South America, perhaps by long-distance dispersal. The pattern for Verbena was less clear, with evidence from plastid DNA implicating an Andean dispersal route to the North American clade, whereas nuclear data suggest that the Andean and North American species resulted from independent dispersals from southern South America. A previously unrecognized clade of Andean Verbeneae was discovered, raising the possibility of an Andean origin of Verbena or Verbena and Glandularia. North American desert species of Citharexylum represent multiple, independent origins from mesic habitat ancestors in Mesoamerica. CONCLUSIONS: North American arid-zone Verbenaceae are derived from South and Central American ancestors via multiple avenues, including long-distance, amphitropical dispersal, Andean migration corridors, and in situ evolution of desert-adapted species.
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phylogenetic position of the monotypic genus verbenoxylum Verbenaceae and new combination under recordia
Systematic Botany, 2013Co-Authors: Veronica A Thode, Richard G Olmstead, Nataly Oleary, Loreta B FreitasAbstract:Abstract In spite of the recent studies on the phylogeny of Verbenaceae, the position of the monotypic Verbenoxylum, endemic to the Atlantic rainforest in southeastern Brazil, remains unsolved. Molecular data were here analyzed to infer the phylogenetic placement of this genus; furthermore morphological data was studied in order to examine traits that support relationships among taxa. Sequences of the plastid regions of ndhF gene and trnL—trnF intergenic spacer were analyzed to conduct phylogenetic studies with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference. Morphological traits that had been traditionally used to distinguish tribes within Verbenaceae, as well as those employed to characterize Verbenoxylum, were examined. Verbenoxylum is nested within the tribe Duranteae, sister to Recordia, a monotypic genus endemic to Bolivia, a placement never reported before. The morphological traits analyzed prove not to be useful to distinguish tribes but are important at lower taxonomic levels. Based...
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evolution of morphological traits in Verbenaceae
American Journal of Botany, 2012Co-Authors: Nataly Oleary, Richard G Olmstead, Carolina I Calvino, Susana Martinez, Patricia Luirving, Maria Ema MulguraAbstract: Premise of the study: A new infrafamilial circumscription of the Verbenaceae with eight tribes: Casselieae, Citharexyleae, Duranteae, Lantaneae, Neospartoneae, Petreeae, Priveae, and Verbeneae, has been recently proposed, on the basis of molecular phylogenetic studies. Two genera, Dipyrena and Rhaphithamnus , remain unplaced. The aim of this work is to reconstruct the evolutionary history of morphological characters traditionally employed in the classifi cation of the Verbenaceae, with special attention to tribes Verbeneae and Lantaneae. Methods: Twenty-one characters, related to habit and vegetative morphology, infl orescence and fl oral morphology, ovary and fruit morphology, as well as chromosome number, were optimized over a molecular phylogeny of Verbenaceae. Key Results: All tribes are supported by at least one morphological trait except tribes Duranteae and Citharexyleae. Suffrutescent habit, sessile fl owers, and four cluses are synapomorphies for tribe Verbeneae. Gynoecium with short style and entire stigma are synapomorphic traits for tribe Lantaneae. Sessile fl owers and unicarpellate ovaries are morphological synapomorphies for the new tribe Neospartoneae. Suffrutescent habit is a synapomorphic trait for tribe Priveae. Homothetic pleiobotrya and absence of the adaxial staminode are synapomorphic traits for tribe Casselieae. Undivided fl eshy fruits are probably a synapomorphic trait for tribe Petreeae. Putative plesiomorphies for the ancestor of the Verbenaceae are discussed as well as synapomorphic traits within other Verbenaceae clades. Conclusions: Many of the characters traditionally employed in classifi cation have proven to be very homoplastic, or have been shown not to support relationships within the family. Moreover, traditional assumptions concerning character polarity have in some cases been shown to be incorrect.
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a molecular phylogeny and classification of Verbenaceae
American Journal of Botany, 2010Co-Authors: Hannah E Marx, Nataly Oleary, Patricia Luirving, Maria Ema Mulgura, Yaowu Yuan, David C Tank, Richard G OlmsteadAbstract:Premise of the study Verbenaceae consist of trees, shrubs, lianas, and herbs distributed primarily in Latin America, where they occur in a wide array of ecosystems. A second center of diversity exists in Africa. Competing morphology-based classifications that rely on different traits conflict in significant ways. A broad phylogenetic study was undertaken to assess those classifications and to examine the historical geography of the family. • Methods Analysis of seven chloroplast DNA regions for 109 species, representing all genera except one monotypic genus, provide inference into evolutionary relationships in Verbenaceae. • Key results The phylogeny shows that none of the traditional classifications reflect phylogenetic relationships very well. Eight clades are recognized as tribes (Casselieae, Citharexyleae, Duranteae, Lantaneae, Neospartoneae trib. nov., Petreeae, Priveae, and Verbeneae). Two genera, Dipyrena and Rhaphithamnus, remain unplaced in these larger clades. Petreeae, which consist of Neotropical lianas, are sister to the rest of the family. Lantaneae and Verbeneae together form a derived clade that comprises approximately two-thirds of the species in Verbenaceae. • Conclusions We present a new tribal classification, including one new tribe, Neospartoneae trib. nov., to accommodate three small genera of Argentine species (Diostea, Neosparton, and Lampaya). Phylogenetic inference suggests a South American origin for Verbenaceae, with approximately six colonization events having given rise to the Old World species.
Nataly Oleary - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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origins of north american arid land Verbenaceae more than one way to skin a cat
American Journal of Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Laura Frost, Patricia Luirving, Nataly Oleary, Sarah Mcadams Tyson, Richard G OlmsteadAbstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Verbenaceae originated and initially diversified in South America in wet forest habitats. They have diversified extensively in arid habitats in both South and North America. This study aims to understand the origin of the North American arid-land members of Verbenaceae. METHODS: A phylogenetic approach is used to examine four genera (Aloysia, Citharexylum, Glandularia, Verbena) in three distinct clades with representatives in North American deserts and disjunct South and North American distributions. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Analyses included both plastid and nuclear DNA regions and include the first study of Citharexylum and an expanded sampling of tribe Verbeneae (Glandularia and Verbena). Ancestral areas were reconstructed for each group. KEY RESULTS: North American desert species of Aloysia and Glandularia were likely derived from ancestors in arid temperate South America, perhaps by long-distance dispersal. The pattern for Verbena was less clear, with evidence from plastid DNA implicating an Andean dispersal route to the North American clade, whereas nuclear data suggest that the Andean and North American species resulted from independent dispersals from southern South America. A previously unrecognized clade of Andean Verbeneae was discovered, raising the possibility of an Andean origin of Verbena or Verbena and Glandularia. North American desert species of Citharexylum represent multiple, independent origins from mesic habitat ancestors in Mesoamerica. CONCLUSIONS: North American arid-zone Verbenaceae are derived from South and Central American ancestors via multiple avenues, including long-distance, amphitropical dispersal, Andean migration corridors, and in situ evolution of desert-adapted species.
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the genus glandularia Verbenaceae in brazil
Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2016Co-Authors: Nataly Oleary, Veronica A ThodeAbstract:Abstract Glandularia J. F. Gmel. (Verbenaceae) is the largest genus in the tribe Verbeneae, with ca. 84 species distributed mainly in temperate North and South America. A complete taxonomic revision of Glandularia in Brazil is provided. Thirty-one species and one variety are present in Brazil, 11 of these being endemic, principally in the southern area of the country. A detailed morphological description is given for each taxon as well as a key for their identification, illustrations, synonymy, distribution, lists of selected specimens, and discussions about the relationships among closely related taxa. A new combination, G. tomophylla (Briq.) N. O'Leary & V. Thode, is here proposed, six new synonyms are suggested, and two lectotypes are designated for Verbena chamaedryfolia Juss. f. strigosa Chodat and V. humifusa Cham.
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phylogenetic position of the monotypic genus verbenoxylum Verbenaceae and new combination under recordia
Systematic Botany, 2013Co-Authors: Veronica A Thode, Richard G Olmstead, Nataly Oleary, Loreta B FreitasAbstract:Abstract In spite of the recent studies on the phylogeny of Verbenaceae, the position of the monotypic Verbenoxylum, endemic to the Atlantic rainforest in southeastern Brazil, remains unsolved. Molecular data were here analyzed to infer the phylogenetic placement of this genus; furthermore morphological data was studied in order to examine traits that support relationships among taxa. Sequences of the plastid regions of ndhF gene and trnL—trnF intergenic spacer were analyzed to conduct phylogenetic studies with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference. Morphological traits that had been traditionally used to distinguish tribes within Verbenaceae, as well as those employed to characterize Verbenoxylum, were examined. Verbenoxylum is nested within the tribe Duranteae, sister to Recordia, a monotypic genus endemic to Bolivia, a placement never reported before. The morphological traits analyzed prove not to be useful to distinguish tribes but are important at lower taxonomic levels. Based...
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evolution of morphological traits in Verbenaceae
American Journal of Botany, 2012Co-Authors: Nataly Oleary, Richard G Olmstead, Carolina I Calvino, Susana Martinez, Patricia Luirving, Maria Ema MulguraAbstract: Premise of the study: A new infrafamilial circumscription of the Verbenaceae with eight tribes: Casselieae, Citharexyleae, Duranteae, Lantaneae, Neospartoneae, Petreeae, Priveae, and Verbeneae, has been recently proposed, on the basis of molecular phylogenetic studies. Two genera, Dipyrena and Rhaphithamnus , remain unplaced. The aim of this work is to reconstruct the evolutionary history of morphological characters traditionally employed in the classifi cation of the Verbenaceae, with special attention to tribes Verbeneae and Lantaneae. Methods: Twenty-one characters, related to habit and vegetative morphology, infl orescence and fl oral morphology, ovary and fruit morphology, as well as chromosome number, were optimized over a molecular phylogeny of Verbenaceae. Key Results: All tribes are supported by at least one morphological trait except tribes Duranteae and Citharexyleae. Suffrutescent habit, sessile fl owers, and four cluses are synapomorphies for tribe Verbeneae. Gynoecium with short style and entire stigma are synapomorphic traits for tribe Lantaneae. Sessile fl owers and unicarpellate ovaries are morphological synapomorphies for the new tribe Neospartoneae. Suffrutescent habit is a synapomorphic trait for tribe Priveae. Homothetic pleiobotrya and absence of the adaxial staminode are synapomorphic traits for tribe Casselieae. Undivided fl eshy fruits are probably a synapomorphic trait for tribe Petreeae. Putative plesiomorphies for the ancestor of the Verbenaceae are discussed as well as synapomorphic traits within other Verbenaceae clades. Conclusions: Many of the characters traditionally employed in classifi cation have proven to be very homoplastic, or have been shown not to support relationships within the family. Moreover, traditional assumptions concerning character polarity have in some cases been shown to be incorrect.
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a molecular phylogeny and classification of Verbenaceae
American Journal of Botany, 2010Co-Authors: Hannah E Marx, Nataly Oleary, Patricia Luirving, Maria Ema Mulgura, Yaowu Yuan, David C Tank, Richard G OlmsteadAbstract:Premise of the study Verbenaceae consist of trees, shrubs, lianas, and herbs distributed primarily in Latin America, where they occur in a wide array of ecosystems. A second center of diversity exists in Africa. Competing morphology-based classifications that rely on different traits conflict in significant ways. A broad phylogenetic study was undertaken to assess those classifications and to examine the historical geography of the family. • Methods Analysis of seven chloroplast DNA regions for 109 species, representing all genera except one monotypic genus, provide inference into evolutionary relationships in Verbenaceae. • Key results The phylogeny shows that none of the traditional classifications reflect phylogenetic relationships very well. Eight clades are recognized as tribes (Casselieae, Citharexyleae, Duranteae, Lantaneae, Neospartoneae trib. nov., Petreeae, Priveae, and Verbeneae). Two genera, Dipyrena and Rhaphithamnus, remain unplaced in these larger clades. Petreeae, which consist of Neotropical lianas, are sister to the rest of the family. Lantaneae and Verbeneae together form a derived clade that comprises approximately two-thirds of the species in Verbenaceae. • Conclusions We present a new tribal classification, including one new tribe, Neospartoneae trib. nov., to accommodate three small genera of Argentine species (Diostea, Neosparton, and Lampaya). Phylogenetic inference suggests a South American origin for Verbenaceae, with approximately six colonization events having given rise to the Old World species.
Maria Beatriz Nunez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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41- FARMACOGNOSIA Y FITOQUÍMICA DE Lippia turbinata G., Verbenaceae (Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry of Lippia turbinata G., Verbenaceae)
2020Co-Authors: Maria Beatriz Nunez, María I. Aguado, Alberto Bela, Carlos A. Vonka, Pedro Sansberro, Sáenz PeñaAbstract:RESUMEN Lippia turbinata G., Verbenaceae, es autoctona de Argentina y en este trabajo se presenta la caracterizacion farmacogostica y fitoquimica de la misma. Se describe una especie adaptada en la zona centrochaquena, cuyas hojas y tallo coinciden con las descripciones encontradas en referencias. En los extractos obtenidos por Soxhlet, por cromatografia TLC se reconocieron borneol, linalol, cineol, carvona, acetato de bornilo y limoneno. PALABRAS CLAVES Lippia turbinata, morfologia, metabolitos secundarios.
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antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oils from Verbenaceae species growing in south america
Molecules, 2018Co-Authors: Cristina Marisel Perez Zamora, Carola Analia Torres, Maria Beatriz NunezAbstract:The Verbenaceae family includes 2600 species grouped into 100 genera with a pantropical distribution. Many of them are important elements of the floras of warm-temperature and tropical regions of America. This family is known in folk medicine, and its species are used as digestive, carminative, antipyretic, antitussive, antiseptic, and healing agents. This review aims to collect information about the essential oils from the most reported species of the Verbenaceae family growing in South America, focusing on their chemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and synergism with commercial antimicrobials. The information gathered comprises the last twenty years of research within the South American region and is summarized taking into consideration the most representative species in terms of their essential oils. These species belong to Aloysia, Lantana, Lippia, Phyla, and Stachytarpheta genera, and the main essential oils they contain are monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, such as β-caryophyllene, thymol, citral, 1,8-cineole, carvone, and limonene. These compounds have been found to possess antimicrobial activities. The synergism of these essential oils with antibiotics is being studied by several research groups. It constitutes a resource of interest for the potential use of combinations of essential oils and antibiotics in infection treatments.
Patricia Luirving - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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origins of north american arid land Verbenaceae more than one way to skin a cat
American Journal of Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Laura Frost, Patricia Luirving, Nataly Oleary, Sarah Mcadams Tyson, Richard G OlmsteadAbstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Verbenaceae originated and initially diversified in South America in wet forest habitats. They have diversified extensively in arid habitats in both South and North America. This study aims to understand the origin of the North American arid-land members of Verbenaceae. METHODS: A phylogenetic approach is used to examine four genera (Aloysia, Citharexylum, Glandularia, Verbena) in three distinct clades with representatives in North American deserts and disjunct South and North American distributions. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Analyses included both plastid and nuclear DNA regions and include the first study of Citharexylum and an expanded sampling of tribe Verbeneae (Glandularia and Verbena). Ancestral areas were reconstructed for each group. KEY RESULTS: North American desert species of Aloysia and Glandularia were likely derived from ancestors in arid temperate South America, perhaps by long-distance dispersal. The pattern for Verbena was less clear, with evidence from plastid DNA implicating an Andean dispersal route to the North American clade, whereas nuclear data suggest that the Andean and North American species resulted from independent dispersals from southern South America. A previously unrecognized clade of Andean Verbeneae was discovered, raising the possibility of an Andean origin of Verbena or Verbena and Glandularia. North American desert species of Citharexylum represent multiple, independent origins from mesic habitat ancestors in Mesoamerica. CONCLUSIONS: North American arid-zone Verbenaceae are derived from South and Central American ancestors via multiple avenues, including long-distance, amphitropical dispersal, Andean migration corridors, and in situ evolution of desert-adapted species.
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evolution of morphological traits in Verbenaceae
American Journal of Botany, 2012Co-Authors: Nataly Oleary, Richard G Olmstead, Carolina I Calvino, Susana Martinez, Patricia Luirving, Maria Ema MulguraAbstract: Premise of the study: A new infrafamilial circumscription of the Verbenaceae with eight tribes: Casselieae, Citharexyleae, Duranteae, Lantaneae, Neospartoneae, Petreeae, Priveae, and Verbeneae, has been recently proposed, on the basis of molecular phylogenetic studies. Two genera, Dipyrena and Rhaphithamnus , remain unplaced. The aim of this work is to reconstruct the evolutionary history of morphological characters traditionally employed in the classifi cation of the Verbenaceae, with special attention to tribes Verbeneae and Lantaneae. Methods: Twenty-one characters, related to habit and vegetative morphology, infl orescence and fl oral morphology, ovary and fruit morphology, as well as chromosome number, were optimized over a molecular phylogeny of Verbenaceae. Key Results: All tribes are supported by at least one morphological trait except tribes Duranteae and Citharexyleae. Suffrutescent habit, sessile fl owers, and four cluses are synapomorphies for tribe Verbeneae. Gynoecium with short style and entire stigma are synapomorphic traits for tribe Lantaneae. Sessile fl owers and unicarpellate ovaries are morphological synapomorphies for the new tribe Neospartoneae. Suffrutescent habit is a synapomorphic trait for tribe Priveae. Homothetic pleiobotrya and absence of the adaxial staminode are synapomorphic traits for tribe Casselieae. Undivided fl eshy fruits are probably a synapomorphic trait for tribe Petreeae. Putative plesiomorphies for the ancestor of the Verbenaceae are discussed as well as synapomorphic traits within other Verbenaceae clades. Conclusions: Many of the characters traditionally employed in classifi cation have proven to be very homoplastic, or have been shown not to support relationships within the family. Moreover, traditional assumptions concerning character polarity have in some cases been shown to be incorrect.
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a molecular phylogeny and classification of Verbenaceae
American Journal of Botany, 2010Co-Authors: Hannah E Marx, Nataly Oleary, Patricia Luirving, Maria Ema Mulgura, Yaowu Yuan, David C Tank, Richard G OlmsteadAbstract:Premise of the study Verbenaceae consist of trees, shrubs, lianas, and herbs distributed primarily in Latin America, where they occur in a wide array of ecosystems. A second center of diversity exists in Africa. Competing morphology-based classifications that rely on different traits conflict in significant ways. A broad phylogenetic study was undertaken to assess those classifications and to examine the historical geography of the family. • Methods Analysis of seven chloroplast DNA regions for 109 species, representing all genera except one monotypic genus, provide inference into evolutionary relationships in Verbenaceae. • Key results The phylogeny shows that none of the traditional classifications reflect phylogenetic relationships very well. Eight clades are recognized as tribes (Casselieae, Citharexyleae, Duranteae, Lantaneae, Neospartoneae trib. nov., Petreeae, Priveae, and Verbeneae). Two genera, Dipyrena and Rhaphithamnus, remain unplaced in these larger clades. Petreeae, which consist of Neotropical lianas, are sister to the rest of the family. Lantaneae and Verbeneae together form a derived clade that comprises approximately two-thirds of the species in Verbenaceae. • Conclusions We present a new tribal classification, including one new tribe, Neospartoneae trib. nov., to accommodate three small genera of Argentine species (Diostea, Neosparton, and Lampaya). Phylogenetic inference suggests a South American origin for Verbenaceae, with approximately six colonization events having given rise to the Old World species.
James R. Manhart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Clerodendrum speciosissimum (Cultivated)
2011Co-Authors: James R. ManhartAbstract:Clerodendrum speciosissimum, flowering plant. Family Verbenaceae, Subclass Asteridae. Origin: Cultivated.
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Clerodendrum ugandense cv. Blue Butterfly (Cultivated) 3
2011Co-Authors: James R. ManhartAbstract:Clerodendrum ugandense cv. Blue Butterfly, inflorescence. Family Verbenaceae, Subclass Asteridae. Origin: Cultivated.
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Clerodendrum x speciosum (C. splendens x C. thomsoniae) (Cultivated) 2
2011Co-Authors: James R. ManhartAbstract:Clerodendrum x speciosum (C. splendens x C. thomsoniae), flowers. Family Verbenaceae, Subclass Asteridae. Origin: Cultivated.
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Clerodendrum x speciosum (C. splendens x C. thomsoniae) (Cultivated) 3
2011Co-Authors: James R. ManhartAbstract:Clerodendrum x speciosum (C. splendens x C. thomsoniae), whole plant. Family Verbenaceae, Subclass Asteridae. Origin: Cultivated.
