The Experts below are selected from a list of 288 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter Cornillon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a comparison of satellite and in situ based sea surface temperature climatologies
Journal of Climate, 1999Co-Authors: Kenneth S Casey, Peter CornillonAbstract:The purpose of this study is to present a satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) Climatology based on Pathfinder Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data and to evaluate it and several other climatologies for their usefulness in the determination of SST trends. The method of evaluation uses two longterm observational collections of in situ SST measurements: the 1994 World Ocean Atlas (WOA94) and the Comprehensive Ocean‐Atmosphere Data Set (COADS). Each of the SST climatologies being evaluated is subtracted from each raw SST observation in WOA94and COADS to produce several separate long-term anomaly datasets. The anomaly dataset with the smallest standard deviation is assumed to identify the Climatology best able to represent the spatial and seasonal SST variability and therefore be most capable of reducing the uncertainty in SST trend determinations. The satellite SST Climatology was created at a resolution of 9.28 km using both day and night satellite fields generated with the version 4 AVHRR Pathfinder algorithm and cloud-masking procedures, plus an erosion filter that provides additional cloud masking in the vicinity of cloud edges. Using the statistical comparison method, the performance of this ‘‘Pathfinder 1 erosion’’ Climatology is compared with the performances of the WOA94 18 in situ Climatology, the Reynolds satellite and in situ blended 1 8 analysis, version 2.2 of the blended 18 Global Sea-Ice and Sea Surface Temperature (GISST) Climatology, and the in situ 58 Global Ocean Surface Temperature Atlas (GOSTA). The standard deviation of the anomalies produced using the raw WOA94 in situ observations and the reference SST climatologies indicate that the 9.28-km Pathfinder 1 erosion Climatology is more representative of spatial and seasonal SST variability than the traditional in situ and blended SST climatologies. For the anomalies created from the raw COADS observations, the Pathfinder1 erosion Climatology is also found to minimize variance more than the other climatologies. In both cases, the 58 GOSTAClimatology exhibits the largest anomaly standard deviations. Regional characteristics of the climatologies are also examined by binning the anomalies by climatological temperature classes and latitudinal bands. Generally, the Pathfinder 1 erosion Climatology yields lower anomaly variances in the mid- and high latitudes and the Southern Hemisphere, but larger variances than the 18 climatologies in the warm, Northern Hemisphere low-latitude regions.
-
A Comparison of Satellite and In Situ–Based Sea Surface Temperature Climatologies
Journal of Climate, 1999Co-Authors: Kenneth S Casey, Peter CornillonAbstract:The purpose of this study is to present a satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) Climatology based on Pathfinder Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data and to evaluate it and several other climatologies for their usefulness in the determination of SST trends. The method of evaluation uses two longterm observational collections of in situ SST measurements: the 1994 World Ocean Atlas (WOA94) and the Comprehensive Ocean‐Atmosphere Data Set (COADS). Each of the SST climatologies being evaluated is subtracted from each raw SST observation in WOA94and COADS to produce several separate long-term anomaly datasets. The anomaly dataset with the smallest standard deviation is assumed to identify the Climatology best able to represent the spatial and seasonal SST variability and therefore be most capable of reducing the uncertainty in SST trend determinations. The satellite SST Climatology was created at a resolution of 9.28 km using both day and night satellite fields generated with the version 4 AVHRR Pathfinder algorithm and cloud-masking procedures, plus an erosion filter that provides additional cloud masking in the vicinity of cloud edges. Using the statistical comparison method, the performance of this ‘‘Pathfinder 1 erosion’’ Climatology is compared with the performances of the WOA94 18 in situ Climatology, the Reynolds satellite and in situ blended 1 8 analysis, version 2.2 of the blended 18 Global Sea-Ice and Sea Surface Temperature (GISST) Climatology, and the in situ 58 Global Ocean Surface Temperature Atlas (GOSTA). The standard deviation of the anomalies produced using the raw WOA94 in situ observations and the reference SST climatologies indicate that the 9.28-km Pathfinder 1 erosion Climatology is more representative of spatial and seasonal SST variability than the traditional in situ and blended SST climatologies. For the anomalies created from the raw COADS observations, the Pathfinder1 erosion Climatology is also found to minimize variance more than the other climatologies. In both cases, the 58 GOSTAClimatology exhibits the largest anomaly standard deviations. Regional characteristics of the climatologies are also examined by binning the anomalies by climatological temperature classes and latitudinal bands. Generally, the Pathfinder 1 erosion Climatology yields lower anomaly variances in the mid- and high latitudes and the Southern Hemisphere, but larger variances than the 18 climatologies in the warm, Northern Hemisphere low-latitude regions.
Richard W Reynolds - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a high resolution global sea surface temperature Climatology
Journal of Climate, 1995Co-Authors: Richard W Reynolds, Thomas M SmithAbstract:Abstract In response to the development of a new higher-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) analysis at the National Meteorological Center (NMC), a new monthly 1° global sea surface temperature Climatology was constructed from two intermediate climatologies: the 2° SST Climatology presently used at NMC and a 1° SST Climatology derived from the new analysis. The 2° SST Climatology used a 30-yr 1950–1979 base period between roughly 40°S and 60°N based on in situ (ship and buoy) SST data supplemented by four years (1982–1985) of satellite SST retrievals. The 1° SST Climatology was based on monthly analyses using in situ SST data, satellite SST retrievals, and sea-ice coverage data over a 12-yr period (1982–1993). The final Climatology was combined from these two products so that a 1° resolution was maintained and the base period was adjusted to the 1950–1979 period wherever possible (approximately between 40°S and 60°N). Compared to the 2° Climatology, the 1° Climatology resolves equatorial upwelling an...
-
A Global Monthly Sea Surface Temperature Climatology
Journal of Climate, 1992Co-Authors: Dennis J. Shea, Kevin E. Trenberth, Richard W ReynoldsAbstract:Abstract A new global 2°×2° monthly sea surface temperature (SST) Climatology, primarily derived from a 1950–1979-based SST Climatology from the Climate Analysis Center (CAC), is presented and described. The CAC Climatology has been modified by using data from the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set to improve the SST estimates in the regions of the Kuroshio and the Gulf Stream. This results in considerably larger and more realistic SST gradients in these regions. This modified Climatology is smoothed in time using a truncated Fourier series to eliminate mean annual cycle fluctuations of three months or less, and finally, some spatial smoothing is applied over the high-latitude southern oceans. This new SST Climatology, which we call the Shea-Trenberth-Reynolds (STR) Climatology, is compared with the Alexander and Mobley (AM) SST Climatology often used as a lower boundary condition by general circulation models. Significant differences are noted. Generally, the STR Climatology is warmer in the Norther...
Kenneth S Casey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a comparison of satellite and in situ based sea surface temperature climatologies
Journal of Climate, 1999Co-Authors: Kenneth S Casey, Peter CornillonAbstract:The purpose of this study is to present a satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) Climatology based on Pathfinder Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data and to evaluate it and several other climatologies for their usefulness in the determination of SST trends. The method of evaluation uses two longterm observational collections of in situ SST measurements: the 1994 World Ocean Atlas (WOA94) and the Comprehensive Ocean‐Atmosphere Data Set (COADS). Each of the SST climatologies being evaluated is subtracted from each raw SST observation in WOA94and COADS to produce several separate long-term anomaly datasets. The anomaly dataset with the smallest standard deviation is assumed to identify the Climatology best able to represent the spatial and seasonal SST variability and therefore be most capable of reducing the uncertainty in SST trend determinations. The satellite SST Climatology was created at a resolution of 9.28 km using both day and night satellite fields generated with the version 4 AVHRR Pathfinder algorithm and cloud-masking procedures, plus an erosion filter that provides additional cloud masking in the vicinity of cloud edges. Using the statistical comparison method, the performance of this ‘‘Pathfinder 1 erosion’’ Climatology is compared with the performances of the WOA94 18 in situ Climatology, the Reynolds satellite and in situ blended 1 8 analysis, version 2.2 of the blended 18 Global Sea-Ice and Sea Surface Temperature (GISST) Climatology, and the in situ 58 Global Ocean Surface Temperature Atlas (GOSTA). The standard deviation of the anomalies produced using the raw WOA94 in situ observations and the reference SST climatologies indicate that the 9.28-km Pathfinder 1 erosion Climatology is more representative of spatial and seasonal SST variability than the traditional in situ and blended SST climatologies. For the anomalies created from the raw COADS observations, the Pathfinder1 erosion Climatology is also found to minimize variance more than the other climatologies. In both cases, the 58 GOSTAClimatology exhibits the largest anomaly standard deviations. Regional characteristics of the climatologies are also examined by binning the anomalies by climatological temperature classes and latitudinal bands. Generally, the Pathfinder 1 erosion Climatology yields lower anomaly variances in the mid- and high latitudes and the Southern Hemisphere, but larger variances than the 18 climatologies in the warm, Northern Hemisphere low-latitude regions.
-
A Comparison of Satellite and In Situ–Based Sea Surface Temperature Climatologies
Journal of Climate, 1999Co-Authors: Kenneth S Casey, Peter CornillonAbstract:The purpose of this study is to present a satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) Climatology based on Pathfinder Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data and to evaluate it and several other climatologies for their usefulness in the determination of SST trends. The method of evaluation uses two longterm observational collections of in situ SST measurements: the 1994 World Ocean Atlas (WOA94) and the Comprehensive Ocean‐Atmosphere Data Set (COADS). Each of the SST climatologies being evaluated is subtracted from each raw SST observation in WOA94and COADS to produce several separate long-term anomaly datasets. The anomaly dataset with the smallest standard deviation is assumed to identify the Climatology best able to represent the spatial and seasonal SST variability and therefore be most capable of reducing the uncertainty in SST trend determinations. The satellite SST Climatology was created at a resolution of 9.28 km using both day and night satellite fields generated with the version 4 AVHRR Pathfinder algorithm and cloud-masking procedures, plus an erosion filter that provides additional cloud masking in the vicinity of cloud edges. Using the statistical comparison method, the performance of this ‘‘Pathfinder 1 erosion’’ Climatology is compared with the performances of the WOA94 18 in situ Climatology, the Reynolds satellite and in situ blended 1 8 analysis, version 2.2 of the blended 18 Global Sea-Ice and Sea Surface Temperature (GISST) Climatology, and the in situ 58 Global Ocean Surface Temperature Atlas (GOSTA). The standard deviation of the anomalies produced using the raw WOA94 in situ observations and the reference SST climatologies indicate that the 9.28-km Pathfinder 1 erosion Climatology is more representative of spatial and seasonal SST variability than the traditional in situ and blended SST climatologies. For the anomalies created from the raw COADS observations, the Pathfinder1 erosion Climatology is also found to minimize variance more than the other climatologies. In both cases, the 58 GOSTAClimatology exhibits the largest anomaly standard deviations. Regional characteristics of the climatologies are also examined by binning the anomalies by climatological temperature classes and latitudinal bands. Generally, the Pathfinder 1 erosion Climatology yields lower anomaly variances in the mid- and high latitudes and the Southern Hemisphere, but larger variances than the 18 climatologies in the warm, Northern Hemisphere low-latitude regions.
Jorge Vazquez-cuervo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A new global satellite-based sea surface temperature Climatology
Geophysical Research Letters, 2001Co-Authors: Edward M. Armstrong, Jorge Vazquez-cuervoAbstract:A new approach to the generation of a global sea surface temperature (SST) Climatology from satellite data is presented. This work is an extension of Casey and Cornillon [1999] who demonstrated the overall superiority of constructing a global Climatology using exclusively advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) Pathfinder satellite SST data vs. blended in situ/satellite data. In this implementation, a global pentad (five day) Climatology was derived from daily 9 km AVHRR Pathfinder SST data through Gaussian interpolation and averaging. Performance of this Climatology with respect to the Casey 9 km pentad satellite and Reynolds 1° monthly climatologies was then investigated by examining the standard deviation of the anomaly data set constructed by subtracting climatological SST observations from co-located long-term in situ SST observations. In all areas examined this new Climatology, hereafter referred to as the JPL pentad Climatology, demonstrated modest improvements over the other climatologies.
Thomas M Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a high resolution global sea surface temperature Climatology
Journal of Climate, 1995Co-Authors: Richard W Reynolds, Thomas M SmithAbstract:Abstract In response to the development of a new higher-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) analysis at the National Meteorological Center (NMC), a new monthly 1° global sea surface temperature Climatology was constructed from two intermediate climatologies: the 2° SST Climatology presently used at NMC and a 1° SST Climatology derived from the new analysis. The 2° SST Climatology used a 30-yr 1950–1979 base period between roughly 40°S and 60°N based on in situ (ship and buoy) SST data supplemented by four years (1982–1985) of satellite SST retrievals. The 1° SST Climatology was based on monthly analyses using in situ SST data, satellite SST retrievals, and sea-ice coverage data over a 12-yr period (1982–1993). The final Climatology was combined from these two products so that a 1° resolution was maintained and the base period was adjusted to the 1950–1979 period wherever possible (approximately between 40°S and 60°N). Compared to the 2° Climatology, the 1° Climatology resolves equatorial upwelling an...
