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Kyung Hwa Hong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Crosslinking phenolic compounds with cotton fabrics using succinic acid to develop functional Clothing Materials
    Fibers and Polymers, 2016
    Co-Authors: Kyung Hwa Hong
    Abstract:

    There is currently much interest in natural compounds as bioactive functional components to replace synthetic functional agents in many industrial fields. This trend has also arisen in the textile industry. Phenolic compounds, existing in many fruits and vegetables, are a well-known group of secondary metabolites with a wide range of pharmacological activities. Thus, they have been attracting attention as part of the effort to realize environmentally friendly functional agents for textile finishing. In current research, cotton fabrics were treated with several phenolic compounds to transpose their beneficial characteristics onto Clothing Material. In particular, the treatment was conducted in two steps; the first to incorporate a crosslinker onto cotton cellulose, and the second to bond the phenolic compound to the crosslinker already anchored onto the cotton fabrics. A more efficient textile treatment was expected after employing the two-step process. After the finishing process, the cotton fabrics treated with phenolic compounds were investigated by FT-IR, SEM, an antibacterial test, and an antioxidant test. It was discovered that cotton fabrics treated with the two-step process showed >99.9 % of antibacterial ability and >80 % of antioxidant ability, even at lower concentrations of the crosslinker and phenolic compounds compared to those in earlier work.

  • Preparation and properties of phenolic compound/BTCA treated cotton fabrics for functional textile applications
    Cellulose, 2015
    Co-Authors: Kyung Hwa Hong
    Abstract:

    There is currently much interest in natural phenolic compounds as bioactive components of food. The roles of many fruits and vegetables in disease prevention have been attributed, in part, to the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of their constituent polyphenols. In this study, cotton fabrics were treated by phenolic compounds, pyrogallol, phloroglucinol, pyrocatechol, and resorcinol, to assess their antibacterial and antioxidant capabilities on Clothing Material. The treatment was conducted via a pad-dry-cure process and 1,2,3,4,-butanetetra carboxylic acid was used as a crosslinker in the finishing process to improve the treatment efficiency. After the finishing step, the phenolic compound treated cotton fabrics were investigated by FT-IR, color spectrophotometry, an antibacterial test, and an antioxidant test. Through the investigation, it was discovered pyrogallol is the most effective phenolic compound for cotton treatment, and the treated cotton fabric shows >99.9 % antibacterial ability and >90 % antioxidant ability.

  • preparation and properties of phenolic compound btca treated cotton fabrics for functional textile applications
    Cellulose, 2015
    Co-Authors: Kyung Hwa Hong
    Abstract:

    There is currently much interest in natural phenolic compounds as bioactive components of food. The roles of many fruits and vegetables in disease prevention have been attributed, in part, to the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of their constituent polyphenols. In this study, cotton fabrics were treated by phenolic compounds, pyrogallol, phloroglucinol, pyrocatechol, and resorcinol, to assess their antibacterial and antioxidant capabilities on Clothing Material. The treatment was conducted via a pad-dry-cure process and 1,2,3,4,-butanetetra carboxylic acid was used as a crosslinker in the finishing process to improve the treatment efficiency. After the finishing step, the phenolic compound treated cotton fabrics were investigated by FT-IR, color spectrophotometry, an antibacterial test, and an antioxidant test. Through the investigation, it was discovered pyrogallol is the most effective phenolic compound for cotton treatment, and the treated cotton fabric shows >99.9 % antibacterial ability and >90 % antioxidant ability.

  • preparation of rayon filament based woven fabric and pcm treatment for developing cool touch summer Clothing Material
    Fashion & Textile Research Journal, 2014
    Co-Authors: Kyung Hwa Hong
    Abstract:

    To develop cool touch feeling fabrics for summer Clothing Material, it was manufactured several compositions of woven fabrics, having rayon multi-filament yarn (non-twisted) as warp and various kinds of yarn, such as viscose rayon multi-filament yarn (twisted), tencel ® spun yarn, PET high absorbance quick dry filament yarn, and PET based rayon-like yarn, as weft. After preparing the fabrics, basic properties of the fabrics were investigated, such as air-permeability, tensile strength, absorption rate, drying rate, etc. Also, surface warm / cool sensations of the woven fabrics were assessed by Qmax Warm / Cool Touch Tester. It was observed that the fabrics composed of viscose rayon multi-filament yarn (warp) and PET high absorbance quick dry filament yarn (weft) showed excellent surface cool touch sensation-the highest Qmax value. This is because the fabric having flat shaped PET high absorbance quick dry filament shows the largest contact area with Qmax measuring plate. And, the fabric also showed superior high absorbance and quick dry property as expected. In addition, we treated phase change Material (PCM) on the surface of the fabric composed of viscose rayon multi-filament yarn (warp) and PET high absorbance quick dry filament yarn(weft) to improve the cool touch feeling. However, the surface cool touch feeling was impaired by resin treated with PCM during the finishing process.

  • Gallnut extract-treated wool and cotton for developing green functional textiles
    Dyes and Pigments, 2014
    Co-Authors: Eun-mi Koh, Kyung Hwa Hong
    Abstract:

    Abstract Gallnuts are known to exert various pharmaceutical effects, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and detoxifying effects. In particular, the gallnut extract is thought to be a safe antimicrobial agent for textile application, since it is of natural origin. Hence, wool and cotton fabrics were treated with the gallnut extract, by using a pad-dry-cure process to develop multi-functional Clothing Material with no harmful effects. Additionally, fabrics were plasma-treated to improve the finishing effect. This study thoroughly investigated the surface appearance, mechanical properties, antimicrobial ability, and antioxidant performance of gallnut extract-treated wool and cotton fabrics. Gallnut extract treatment was found to impose the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties on the wool and cotton fabrics.

Erja Makela - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • testing penetration of epoxy resin and diamine hardeners through protective glove and Clothing Materials
    Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2015
    Co-Authors: Majlen Henrikseckerman, Erja Makela, Katri Suuronen
    Abstract:

    Efficient, comfortable, yet affordable personal protective equipment (PPE) is needed to decrease the high inci dence of allergic contact dermatitis arising from epoxy resin systems (ERSs) in industrial countries. The aim of this study was to find affordable, user-friendly glove and Clothing Materials that provide adequate skin protec tion against splashes and during the short contact with ERS that often occurs before full cure. We studied the penetration of epoxy resin and diamine hardeners through 12 glove or Clothing Materials using a newly developed test method. The tests were carried out with two ERS test mixtures that had a high content of epoxy resin and frequently used diamine hardeners of different molar masses. A drop (50 µl) of test mixture was placed on the outer surface of the glove/Clothing Material, which had a piece of Fixomull tape or Harmony protection sheet attached to the inner surface as the collection medium. The test times were 10 and 30 min. The collecting Material was removed after the test was finished and immersed into acetone. The amounts of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), isophorone diamine (IPDA), and m-xylylenediamine (XDA) in the acetone solution were determined by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. The limit for acceptable penetra tion of XDA, IPDA, and DGEBA through glove Materials was set at 2 µg cm −2 . Penetration through the glove Materials was 1.4 µg cm −2 or less. The three tested chemical protective gloves showed no detectable penetration (<0.5 µg cm −2 ). Several affordable glove and Clothing Materials were found to provide adequate protection during short contact with ERS, in the form of, for example, disposable gloves or Clothing Materials suitable for aprons and as additional protective layers on the most exposed parts of Clothing, such as the front of the legs and thighs and under the forearms. Every ERS combination in use should be tested separately to find the best skin protection Material, and this can be done by using this simple test method.

  • Testing Penetration of Epoxy Resin and Diamine Hardeners through Protective Glove and Clothing Materials
    The Annals of occupational hygiene, 2015
    Co-Authors: Maj-len Henriks-eckerman, Erja Makela, Katri Suuronen
    Abstract:

    Efficient, comfortable, yet affordable personal protective equipment (PPE) is needed to decrease the high inci dence of allergic contact dermatitis arising from epoxy resin systems (ERSs) in industrial countries. The aim of this study was to find affordable, user-friendly glove and Clothing Materials that provide adequate skin protec tion against splashes and during the short contact with ERS that often occurs before full cure. We studied the penetration of epoxy resin and diamine hardeners through 12 glove or Clothing Materials using a newly developed test method. The tests were carried out with two ERS test mixtures that had a high content of epoxy resin and frequently used diamine hardeners of different molar masses. A drop (50 µl) of test mixture was placed on the outer surface of the glove/Clothing Material, which had a piece of Fixomull tape or Harmony protection sheet attached to the inner surface as the collection medium. The test times were 10 and 30 min. The collecting Material was removed after the test was finished and immersed into acetone. The amounts of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), isophorone diamine (IPDA), and m-xylylenediamine (XDA) in the acetone solution were determined by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. The limit for acceptable penetra tion of XDA, IPDA, and DGEBA through glove Materials was set at 2 µg cm −2 . Penetration through the glove Materials was 1.4 µg cm −2 or less. The three tested chemical protective gloves showed no detectable penetration (

  • A new penetration test method: protection efficiency of glove and Clothing Materials against diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI).
    Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2014
    Co-Authors: Maj-len Henriks-eckerman, Erja Makela
    Abstract:

    Reported cases of allergic contact dermatitis caused by methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) have increased and thereby increased the need for adequate skin protection. Current standardized permeation and penetration test methods give information about efficacy of protective Materials against individual components of the polyurethane systems. They do not give information of what kind of Clothing Materials workers should wear against splashes when handling mixed MDI-polyurethane formulations, which contain MDI, its oligomers, and polyols. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive penetration test method that can be used to select Clothing that is protective enough against uncured splashes of MDI-polyurethane, still easy to use, and also, to find affordable glove Materials that provide adequate protection during a short contact. The penetration of MDI through eight representative glove or Clothing Materials was studied with the developed test procedure. One MDI hardener and two polymeric MDI (PMDI)-polyol formulations representing different curing times were used as test substances. The Materials tested included work Clothing (woven) fabric, arm shields (nonwoven fabric), old T-shirt, winter gloves, and gloves of nitrile rubber, leather, vinyl (PVC), and natural rubber. A drop (50 µl) of test substance was added to the outer surface of the glove/Clothing Material, which had Tape Fixomull attached to the inner surface as a collection medium. After penetration times of 5 or 20min, the collecting Material was removed and immediately immersed into acetonitrile containing 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazine for derivatization. The formed urea derivatives of 2,4'-MDI and 4,4'-MDI were analysed using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric and UV detection. The precision of the test method was good for the Material with high penetration (work Clothing fabric) of MDI, as the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 14 and 20%. For the arm shield with a low penetration (the nonwoven fabric), the precision was lower with RSDs of 35 and 50%. For two Clothing Materials, the penetration was high (134-577 µg cm(-2)). Low penetration (

  • Permeation Tests of Glove and Clothing Materials Against Sensitizing Chemicals Using Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate as an Example
    The Annals of occupational hygiene, 2014
    Co-Authors: Erja Makela, Maj-len Henriks-eckerman, Katriina Ylinen, Aki Vuokko, Katri Suuronen
    Abstract:

    min −1 cm −2 through the Material. Such breakthrough times do not necessarily represent safe limits for sensitizing chemicals. We studied the permeation of 4,4′-MDI through eight glove Materials and one Clothing Material. The test method was derived from the EN 374-3 and ASTM F 739 standards. All meas ured permeation rates were below 0.1 µg min −1 cm −2 , and thus, the breakthrough times for all the tested Materials were over 480 min, when the definitions of EN 374-3 and ASTM F 739 for the breakthrough time were used. Based on the sensitizing capacity of MDI, we concluded that a cumulative permeation of 1.0 µg cm −2 should be used as the end point of the breakthrough time determination for Materials used for protection against direct contact with MDI. Using this criterion for the breakthrough time, seven tested Materials were permeated in

Maj-len Henriks-eckerman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Testing Penetration of Epoxy Resin and Diamine Hardeners through Protective Glove and Clothing Materials
    The Annals of occupational hygiene, 2015
    Co-Authors: Maj-len Henriks-eckerman, Erja Makela, Katri Suuronen
    Abstract:

    Efficient, comfortable, yet affordable personal protective equipment (PPE) is needed to decrease the high inci dence of allergic contact dermatitis arising from epoxy resin systems (ERSs) in industrial countries. The aim of this study was to find affordable, user-friendly glove and Clothing Materials that provide adequate skin protec tion against splashes and during the short contact with ERS that often occurs before full cure. We studied the penetration of epoxy resin and diamine hardeners through 12 glove or Clothing Materials using a newly developed test method. The tests were carried out with two ERS test mixtures that had a high content of epoxy resin and frequently used diamine hardeners of different molar masses. A drop (50 µl) of test mixture was placed on the outer surface of the glove/Clothing Material, which had a piece of Fixomull tape or Harmony protection sheet attached to the inner surface as the collection medium. The test times were 10 and 30 min. The collecting Material was removed after the test was finished and immersed into acetone. The amounts of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), isophorone diamine (IPDA), and m-xylylenediamine (XDA) in the acetone solution were determined by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. The limit for acceptable penetra tion of XDA, IPDA, and DGEBA through glove Materials was set at 2 µg cm −2 . Penetration through the glove Materials was 1.4 µg cm −2 or less. The three tested chemical protective gloves showed no detectable penetration (

  • A new penetration test method: protection efficiency of glove and Clothing Materials against diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI).
    Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2014
    Co-Authors: Maj-len Henriks-eckerman, Erja Makela
    Abstract:

    Reported cases of allergic contact dermatitis caused by methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) have increased and thereby increased the need for adequate skin protection. Current standardized permeation and penetration test methods give information about efficacy of protective Materials against individual components of the polyurethane systems. They do not give information of what kind of Clothing Materials workers should wear against splashes when handling mixed MDI-polyurethane formulations, which contain MDI, its oligomers, and polyols. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive penetration test method that can be used to select Clothing that is protective enough against uncured splashes of MDI-polyurethane, still easy to use, and also, to find affordable glove Materials that provide adequate protection during a short contact. The penetration of MDI through eight representative glove or Clothing Materials was studied with the developed test procedure. One MDI hardener and two polymeric MDI (PMDI)-polyol formulations representing different curing times were used as test substances. The Materials tested included work Clothing (woven) fabric, arm shields (nonwoven fabric), old T-shirt, winter gloves, and gloves of nitrile rubber, leather, vinyl (PVC), and natural rubber. A drop (50 µl) of test substance was added to the outer surface of the glove/Clothing Material, which had Tape Fixomull attached to the inner surface as a collection medium. After penetration times of 5 or 20min, the collecting Material was removed and immediately immersed into acetonitrile containing 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazine for derivatization. The formed urea derivatives of 2,4'-MDI and 4,4'-MDI were analysed using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric and UV detection. The precision of the test method was good for the Material with high penetration (work Clothing fabric) of MDI, as the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 14 and 20%. For the arm shield with a low penetration (the nonwoven fabric), the precision was lower with RSDs of 35 and 50%. For two Clothing Materials, the penetration was high (134-577 µg cm(-2)). Low penetration (

  • Permeation Tests of Glove and Clothing Materials Against Sensitizing Chemicals Using Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate as an Example
    The Annals of occupational hygiene, 2014
    Co-Authors: Erja Makela, Maj-len Henriks-eckerman, Katriina Ylinen, Aki Vuokko, Katri Suuronen
    Abstract:

    min −1 cm −2 through the Material. Such breakthrough times do not necessarily represent safe limits for sensitizing chemicals. We studied the permeation of 4,4′-MDI through eight glove Materials and one Clothing Material. The test method was derived from the EN 374-3 and ASTM F 739 standards. All meas ured permeation rates were below 0.1 µg min −1 cm −2 , and thus, the breakthrough times for all the tested Materials were over 480 min, when the definitions of EN 374-3 and ASTM F 739 for the breakthrough time were used. Based on the sensitizing capacity of MDI, we concluded that a cumulative permeation of 1.0 µg cm −2 should be used as the end point of the breakthrough time determination for Materials used for protection against direct contact with MDI. Using this criterion for the breakthrough time, seven tested Materials were permeated in

Katri Suuronen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • testing penetration of epoxy resin and diamine hardeners through protective glove and Clothing Materials
    Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2015
    Co-Authors: Majlen Henrikseckerman, Erja Makela, Katri Suuronen
    Abstract:

    Efficient, comfortable, yet affordable personal protective equipment (PPE) is needed to decrease the high inci dence of allergic contact dermatitis arising from epoxy resin systems (ERSs) in industrial countries. The aim of this study was to find affordable, user-friendly glove and Clothing Materials that provide adequate skin protec tion against splashes and during the short contact with ERS that often occurs before full cure. We studied the penetration of epoxy resin and diamine hardeners through 12 glove or Clothing Materials using a newly developed test method. The tests were carried out with two ERS test mixtures that had a high content of epoxy resin and frequently used diamine hardeners of different molar masses. A drop (50 µl) of test mixture was placed on the outer surface of the glove/Clothing Material, which had a piece of Fixomull tape or Harmony protection sheet attached to the inner surface as the collection medium. The test times were 10 and 30 min. The collecting Material was removed after the test was finished and immersed into acetone. The amounts of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), isophorone diamine (IPDA), and m-xylylenediamine (XDA) in the acetone solution were determined by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. The limit for acceptable penetra tion of XDA, IPDA, and DGEBA through glove Materials was set at 2 µg cm −2 . Penetration through the glove Materials was 1.4 µg cm −2 or less. The three tested chemical protective gloves showed no detectable penetration (<0.5 µg cm −2 ). Several affordable glove and Clothing Materials were found to provide adequate protection during short contact with ERS, in the form of, for example, disposable gloves or Clothing Materials suitable for aprons and as additional protective layers on the most exposed parts of Clothing, such as the front of the legs and thighs and under the forearms. Every ERS combination in use should be tested separately to find the best skin protection Material, and this can be done by using this simple test method.

  • Testing Penetration of Epoxy Resin and Diamine Hardeners through Protective Glove and Clothing Materials
    The Annals of occupational hygiene, 2015
    Co-Authors: Maj-len Henriks-eckerman, Erja Makela, Katri Suuronen
    Abstract:

    Efficient, comfortable, yet affordable personal protective equipment (PPE) is needed to decrease the high inci dence of allergic contact dermatitis arising from epoxy resin systems (ERSs) in industrial countries. The aim of this study was to find affordable, user-friendly glove and Clothing Materials that provide adequate skin protec tion against splashes and during the short contact with ERS that often occurs before full cure. We studied the penetration of epoxy resin and diamine hardeners through 12 glove or Clothing Materials using a newly developed test method. The tests were carried out with two ERS test mixtures that had a high content of epoxy resin and frequently used diamine hardeners of different molar masses. A drop (50 µl) of test mixture was placed on the outer surface of the glove/Clothing Material, which had a piece of Fixomull tape or Harmony protection sheet attached to the inner surface as the collection medium. The test times were 10 and 30 min. The collecting Material was removed after the test was finished and immersed into acetone. The amounts of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), isophorone diamine (IPDA), and m-xylylenediamine (XDA) in the acetone solution were determined by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. The limit for acceptable penetra tion of XDA, IPDA, and DGEBA through glove Materials was set at 2 µg cm −2 . Penetration through the glove Materials was 1.4 µg cm −2 or less. The three tested chemical protective gloves showed no detectable penetration (

  • Permeation Tests of Glove and Clothing Materials Against Sensitizing Chemicals Using Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate as an Example
    The Annals of occupational hygiene, 2014
    Co-Authors: Erja Makela, Maj-len Henriks-eckerman, Katriina Ylinen, Aki Vuokko, Katri Suuronen
    Abstract:

    min −1 cm −2 through the Material. Such breakthrough times do not necessarily represent safe limits for sensitizing chemicals. We studied the permeation of 4,4′-MDI through eight glove Materials and one Clothing Material. The test method was derived from the EN 374-3 and ASTM F 739 standards. All meas ured permeation rates were below 0.1 µg min −1 cm −2 , and thus, the breakthrough times for all the tested Materials were over 480 min, when the definitions of EN 374-3 and ASTM F 739 for the breakthrough time were used. Based on the sensitizing capacity of MDI, we concluded that a cumulative permeation of 1.0 µg cm −2 should be used as the end point of the breakthrough time determination for Materials used for protection against direct contact with MDI. Using this criterion for the breakthrough time, seven tested Materials were permeated in

Li Yi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effect of Clothing Material on thermal responses of the human body
    Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 2005
    Co-Authors: Li Fengzhi, Li Yi
    Abstract:

    The influence of Clothing Material on thermal responses of the human body are investigated by using an integrated model of a clothed thermoregulatory human body. A modified 25-nodes model considering the sweat accumulation on the skin surface is applied to simulate the human physiological regulatory responses. The heat and moisture coupled transfer mechanisms, including water vapour diffusion, the moisture evaporation/condensation, the moisture sorbtion/desorption by fibres, liquid sweat transfer under capillary pressure, and latent heat absorption/release due to phase change, are considered in the Clothing model. On comparing prediction results with the experimental data in the literature, the proposed model seems able to predict dynamic heat and moisture transfer between the human body and the Clothing system. The human body's thermal responses and Clothing temperature and moisture variations are compared for different Clothing Materials during transient periods. We concluded that the hygroscopicity of Clothing Materials influences the human thermoregulation process significantly during environmental transients