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Joseph Mankelow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Examining the influence of settlement morphology and separation zones policies on the availability of shallow Coal Resources in the United Kingdom
    Applied Geography, 2017
    Co-Authors: E.j. Bee, Joseph Mankelow
    Abstract:

    In 2013, demand for Coal in the UK was 60 million tonnes. Of this, 12.7 million tonnes (21%) came from indigenous sources; the majority of which was from surface mining (8.6 million tonnes). Many planning applications for surface mining of Coal and the Coal extraction that follows, are often a source of conflict with the communities who live within shallow Coalfield areas. Policies which enforce a gap, or ‘separation zone’, between communities and surface Coal mining operations exist in Wales and Scotland, but do not exist in England. This paper examines the effect of applying separation zones on the availability of shallow Coal Resources within two study areas; one within the South Wales Coalfield, the other within the Midlands Coalfield (comprising the Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire and North Derbyshire Coalfield areas). Density profiles and a shape-index algorithm are used to compare and contrast settlement morphology (i.e. shape or footprint) and distribution to determine whether they have a bearing on the areal extent of any potential separation zone applied. The implications on the availability of shallow Coal Resources of applying different separation zone distances around settlements within these two areas are explored. Results reveal that although the settlement morphology is important in determining the area of the separation zone, and has greatest influence in the South Wales Coalfield, the area of Coal Resource sterilised by the application of separation zones is greatest in the Midlands Coalfield due to it having a higher proportion of urban development situated on the surface extent of the shallow Coal Resource.

Ying Che - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the impacts on co2 emission reduction and haze by Coal Resource tax reform based on dynamic cge model
    Resources Policy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Qian Chen, Ying Che
    Abstract:

    Abstract The paper builds a dynamic computable general equilibrium model (Dynamic CGE Model) to evaluate the impact on carbon emissions reduction and haze with different scenarios of Coal Resource tax rate adjustment. The results shows that: Overall speaking, Coal Resource tax reform can be conducive to promote CO2 emission reduction and environmental benefits from a longer time rang, but the impacts are different with the three kinds of policy design which are 2%,5% and 10% respectively. Increased Coal Resources tax inhibits Resources consumption, improves Resource utilization efficiency, and reduces haze emission; meanwhile, the implementation of Resource value compensation policy plays a more positive role in improving the environment quality. Compared with the impact by 2% and 10% tax rate, 5% Ad valorem tax should be a reasonable and effective choice for decreasing CO2 emission and PM2.5P 4) important mineral Resources, forest Resources should be incorporated into the Resource tax policy.

  • the impact on regional Resource curse by Coal Resource tax reform in china a dynamic cge appraisal
    Resources Policy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Qian Chen, Ying Che
    Abstract:

    Abstract The phenomenon of regional “Resource curse” appeared gradually with the rapid development of Chinese economy. China with heavy energy consumption reliance on Coal tried to get balance between economic stability and regional development by Resource tax reform. In our dynamic computable general equilibrium model (CGE), the paper looked into the influences on economy, Resource and environment with different Coal Resource tax policy scenarios from a regional perspective. The stimulated results showed Coal Resource tax reform had a negative influence on Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, Coal Resource tax reform can increase regional revenues (especially in Resource-rich regions) which helped to explain the exaltation of GDP in some regions, and seemed to be a highly potential way for narrowing regional economic gap. “Resource curse” regions reduction depended on Resource tax rate which affected the supply and demand of elementary factors, and prevented human and capital Resource crowded from the processing of the productions. And Resource tax burden has alleviated as Resource value subsidy for households and firms by using more alternative Resources. Meanwhile, subsidy improved the quality of Resource and environment. So we suggested that Resource tax rate and subsidy should be taken into account in eliminating regional “Resource curse” and coordinate Resource and environment system within Coal Resource tax reform.

E.j. Bee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Examining the influence of settlement morphology and separation zones policies on the availability of shallow Coal Resources in the United Kingdom
    Applied Geography, 2017
    Co-Authors: E.j. Bee, Joseph Mankelow
    Abstract:

    In 2013, demand for Coal in the UK was 60 million tonnes. Of this, 12.7 million tonnes (21%) came from indigenous sources; the majority of which was from surface mining (8.6 million tonnes). Many planning applications for surface mining of Coal and the Coal extraction that follows, are often a source of conflict with the communities who live within shallow Coalfield areas. Policies which enforce a gap, or ‘separation zone’, between communities and surface Coal mining operations exist in Wales and Scotland, but do not exist in England. This paper examines the effect of applying separation zones on the availability of shallow Coal Resources within two study areas; one within the South Wales Coalfield, the other within the Midlands Coalfield (comprising the Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire and North Derbyshire Coalfield areas). Density profiles and a shape-index algorithm are used to compare and contrast settlement morphology (i.e. shape or footprint) and distribution to determine whether they have a bearing on the areal extent of any potential separation zone applied. The implications on the availability of shallow Coal Resources of applying different separation zone distances around settlements within these two areas are explored. Results reveal that although the settlement morphology is important in determining the area of the separation zone, and has greatest influence in the South Wales Coalfield, the area of Coal Resource sterilised by the application of separation zones is greatest in the Midlands Coalfield due to it having a higher proportion of urban development situated on the surface extent of the shallow Coal Resource.

  • Investigating the influence of settlement pattern and morphology on the sterilisation of shallow Coal Resources
    2010
    Co-Authors: E.j. Bee, L. Noakes
    Abstract:

    This report assesses the impact of introducing separation zones around urban areas on shallow Coal Resources. It also provides an assessment of settlement pattern using spatial statistics and an evaluation of settlement morphology (i.e. physical form or shape) based on a pre-existing density profile methodology. Two study areas have been selected for comparison: the Midlands Coalfield (comprising shallow Coal Resource within the Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire and North Derbyshire Coalfields) and the South Wales Coalfield. The analysis conducted in this report shows that the settlement pattern within the South Wales Coalfield study area is generally more clustered, and settlements tend to be elongate (or linear) in morphology. This is a result of the topography (steep sided valleys) in this area. In contrast, settlements in the Midlands Coalfield study area are more nucleated, or equidimensional, in morphology and more evenly dispersed over the study area. The research shows that settlement morphology can influence the size of the area of a separation zone. Settlements which are elongate are likely to have larger separation zones (in area) than equivalent sized settlements which are more equidimensional in morphology. The research also shows that the relative effect of a 500 m separation zone around urban areas in the South Wales Coalfield increases the influence of the urban area by 659.6 % (i.e. from 169.74 km2 to 1119.61 km2). This is significantly higher than in the Midlands Coalfield study area, where the influence of the urban area when a 500 m separation zone is applied increases by 402.8 % (i.e. from 496.49 km2 to 1999.75 km2). Of the two study areas, the greatest overall impact on the sterilisation of shallow Coal Resources from urban development is seen within the Midlands Coalfield study area. This is not a consequence of the contrasting settlement patterns; rather it results from the greater proportion of urban areas within the Midlands Coalfield. Urban development encompasses 496.49 km2 (17.2 %) of the Midlands Coalfield whereas in South Wales, urban development encompasses 169.74 km2 (6.7 %) of the study area. Of the total urban development within each study area, a greater amount lies within the surface extent of shallow Coal Resource in the Midlands Coalfield (423.17 km2 or 85.2 %) than in the South Wales Coalfield study area (86.14 km2 or 50.7 %). The effect, therefore, of placing a separation zone of 500 m around urban areas within the Midlands Coalfield is that a greater amount (1727.85 km2 or 72.2 %) of the total surface extent of the shallow Coal Resource is sterilised than in the South Wales Coalfield study area (563.28 km2 or 52.8 %). The study concludes that a number of factors influence the area of a separation zone and thus the amount of shallow Coal Resource sterilised from urban development: 1. The distribution (settlement pattern) of settlements within the Coalfield. 2. The shape of an individual settlement (settlement morphology). 3. The extent of the urban area lying within the Coalfield. However, given two study areas with equally distributed and sized urban areas, the morphology (shape) of the urban settlements may have greatest influence on the size of the separation zone. This could explain why settlements within the South Wales Coalfield have a greater relative impact on separation zone area than settlements in the Midlands Coalfield.

Yuhuan Geng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • energy saving and emission reduction a project of Coal Resource integration in shanxi province china
    Energy Policy, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jianjun Zhang, Meichen Fu, Yuhuan Geng
    Abstract:

    The small or middle Coal mines with illegal operations in developing countries or regions can cause bad energy waste and environmental disruption. The project of Coal-Resource integration in Shanxi Province of China gives a new idea or an approach to energy saving and emission reduction. It is a social- and economic-ecological project. The paper shows the targets of energy saving and emission reduction in Shanxi Province, and analyses the aims, significance, design process and implementation of the integration project. Based on that, the paper discusses the challenges and opportunities the project brings. The analysis shows that the project of Coal-Resource integration in developing countries or regions can effectively improve mining technologies, collect capital and impel international cooperation and exchange. Finally, the paper analyses the concerns about the future, including the possible problems of implementation period, industrial updating, environmental impact and re-employment. However, the successful integration of Coal Resources can mitigate energy crisis and climate crisis and promote cleaner production effectively.

Qian Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the impacts on co2 emission reduction and haze by Coal Resource tax reform based on dynamic cge model
    Resources Policy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Qian Chen, Ying Che
    Abstract:

    Abstract The paper builds a dynamic computable general equilibrium model (Dynamic CGE Model) to evaluate the impact on carbon emissions reduction and haze with different scenarios of Coal Resource tax rate adjustment. The results shows that: Overall speaking, Coal Resource tax reform can be conducive to promote CO2 emission reduction and environmental benefits from a longer time rang, but the impacts are different with the three kinds of policy design which are 2%,5% and 10% respectively. Increased Coal Resources tax inhibits Resources consumption, improves Resource utilization efficiency, and reduces haze emission; meanwhile, the implementation of Resource value compensation policy plays a more positive role in improving the environment quality. Compared with the impact by 2% and 10% tax rate, 5% Ad valorem tax should be a reasonable and effective choice for decreasing CO2 emission and PM2.5P 4) important mineral Resources, forest Resources should be incorporated into the Resource tax policy.

  • the impact on regional Resource curse by Coal Resource tax reform in china a dynamic cge appraisal
    Resources Policy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Qian Chen, Ying Che
    Abstract:

    Abstract The phenomenon of regional “Resource curse” appeared gradually with the rapid development of Chinese economy. China with heavy energy consumption reliance on Coal tried to get balance between economic stability and regional development by Resource tax reform. In our dynamic computable general equilibrium model (CGE), the paper looked into the influences on economy, Resource and environment with different Coal Resource tax policy scenarios from a regional perspective. The stimulated results showed Coal Resource tax reform had a negative influence on Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, Coal Resource tax reform can increase regional revenues (especially in Resource-rich regions) which helped to explain the exaltation of GDP in some regions, and seemed to be a highly potential way for narrowing regional economic gap. “Resource curse” regions reduction depended on Resource tax rate which affected the supply and demand of elementary factors, and prevented human and capital Resource crowded from the processing of the productions. And Resource tax burden has alleviated as Resource value subsidy for households and firms by using more alternative Resources. Meanwhile, subsidy improved the quality of Resource and environment. So we suggested that Resource tax rate and subsidy should be taken into account in eliminating regional “Resource curse” and coordinate Resource and environment system within Coal Resource tax reform.