The Experts below are selected from a list of 53685 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Klara Sabirianova Peter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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myth and reality of flat Tax Reform micro estimates of Tax evasion response and welfare effects in russia
Journal of Political Economy, 2009Co-Authors: Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Jorge Martinezvazquez, Klara Sabirianova PeterAbstract:We examine the effects of Russia’s 2001 flat rate income Tax Reform on consumption, income, and Tax evasion. We use the gap between household expenditures and reported earnings as a proxy for Tax e...
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myth and reality of flat Tax Reform micro estimates of Tax evasion response and welfare effects in russia
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007Co-Authors: Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Jorge Martinezvazquez, Klara Sabirianova PeterAbstract:Using micro-level data, we examine the effects of Russia’s 2001 flat rate income Tax Reform on consumption, income, and Tax evasion. We use the gap between household expenditures and reported earnings as a proxy for Tax evasion with data from a household panel for 1998-2004. Utilizing difference-in-difference and regression-discontinuity-type approaches, we find that large and significant changes in Tax evasion following the flat Tax Reform are associated with changes in voluntary compliance and cannot be explained by changes in Tax enforcement policies. We also find the productivity response of Taxpayers to the flat Tax Reform is small relative to the Tax evasion response. Finally, we develop a feasible framework to assess the deadweight loss from personal income Tax in the presence of Tax evasion based on the consumption response to Tax changes. We show that because of the strong Tax evasion response the efficiency gain from the Russian flat Tax Reform is at least 30% smaller than the gain implied by conventional approaches.
Alexander Klemm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tax spillovers from us corporate income Tax Reform
Tax Spillovers from US Corporate Income Tax Reform, 2018Co-Authors: Sebastian Beer, Alexander Klemm, Thornton MathesonAbstract:This paper describes, and where possible tentatively quantifies, likely Tax spillovers from the U.S. corporate income Tax Reform that was part of the broader 2017 Tax Reform. It calculates effective Tax rates under various assumptions, showing among other findings, how the interest limitation and the Foreign Derived Intangible Income provision can raise or reduce rates. It tentatively estimates that under constant policies elsewhere, the rate cut will reduce Tax revenue from multinationals in other countries by on average 1.6 to 5.2 percent. If other countries react in line with historical reaction functions, the revenue loss from multinationals rises to an average of 4.5 to 13.5 percent. The paper also discusses profit-shifting, real location, and policy reactions from the more complex features of the Reform.
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the effects of dividend Taxes on equity prices a re examination of the 1997 uk Tax Reform
IMF Working Papers, 2007Co-Authors: Stephen Bond, Michael P Devereux, Alexander KlemmAbstract:We re-examine the extent to which personal Taxes on dividends are capitalised into the equity prices of domestic firms, using data from around the time of the 1997 UK dividend Tax Reform, which removed a significant Tax credit for an important group of investors: UK pension funds. The Tax-adjusted CAPM suggests that the impact should depend on an average of dividend Tax rates across all investors, and that UK pension funds should reduce their holdings of the previously Tax-favoured asset: UK equities. Given that UK pension funds are small relative to the total size of the world capital market, a small open economy-type argument implies that the main effect of the Reform would be to reduce UK pension funds’ ownership of UK equities, with little impact on the price of UK equities. We present evidence which is consistent with these hypotheses. We discuss why previous research (Bell and Jenkinson, 2002) reached the different conclusion that this Tax Reform had a large negative impact on UK share prices.
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the russian flat Tax Reform
Economic Policy, 2005Co-Authors: Anna Ivanova, Michael Keen, Alexander KlemmAbstract:In 2001, Russia dramatically reduced its higher rates of personal income Tax (PIT), establishing a single marginal rate at the low level of 13%. In the following year, real revenue from the PIT increased by about 26%. This ‘flat Tax’ experience has attracted much attention (and emulation), making it perhaps the most important Tax Reform of recent years. But it has been little studied. This paper asks whether the strong performance of PIT revenue was itself a consequence of this Reform, using both macro evidence and, in particular, micro level data on the experiences of individuals and households affected by the Reform to varying degrees. It concludes that there is no evidence of a strong supply side effect of the Reform. Compliance, however, does appear to have improved quite substantially – by about one third, according to our estimates – though it remains unclear whether this was due to the parametric Tax Reform or to accompanying changes in enforcement. — Anna Ivanova, Michael Keen and Alexander Klemm
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the russian flat Tax Reform
Social Science Research Network, 2005Co-Authors: Anna Ivanova, Michael Keen, Alexander KlemmAbstract:In 2001, Russia dramatically reduced its higher rates of personal income Tax (PIT), establishing a single marginal rate at the low level of 13%. In the following year, real revenue from the PIT increased by about 26%. This 'flat Tax' experience has attracted much attention (and emulation), making it perhaps the most important Tax Reform of recent years. But it has been little studied. This paper asks whether the strong performance of PIT revenue was itself a consequence of this Reform, using both macro evidence and, in particular, micro level data on the experiences of individuals and households affected by the Reform to varying degrees. It concludes that there is no evidence of a strong supply side effect of the Reform. Compliance, however, does appear to have improved quite substantially - by about one third, according to our estimates - though it remains unclear whether this was due to the parametric Tax Reform or to accompanying changes in enforcement.
Yuriy Gorodnichenko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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myth and reality of flat Tax Reform micro estimates of Tax evasion response and welfare effects in russia
Journal of Political Economy, 2009Co-Authors: Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Jorge Martinezvazquez, Klara Sabirianova PeterAbstract:We examine the effects of Russia’s 2001 flat rate income Tax Reform on consumption, income, and Tax evasion. We use the gap between household expenditures and reported earnings as a proxy for Tax e...
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myth and reality of flat Tax Reform micro estimates of Tax evasion response and welfare effects in russia
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007Co-Authors: Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Jorge Martinezvazquez, Klara Sabirianova PeterAbstract:Using micro-level data, we examine the effects of Russia’s 2001 flat rate income Tax Reform on consumption, income, and Tax evasion. We use the gap between household expenditures and reported earnings as a proxy for Tax evasion with data from a household panel for 1998-2004. Utilizing difference-in-difference and regression-discontinuity-type approaches, we find that large and significant changes in Tax evasion following the flat Tax Reform are associated with changes in voluntary compliance and cannot be explained by changes in Tax enforcement policies. We also find the productivity response of Taxpayers to the flat Tax Reform is small relative to the Tax evasion response. Finally, we develop a feasible framework to assess the deadweight loss from personal income Tax in the presence of Tax evasion based on the consumption response to Tax changes. We show that because of the strong Tax evasion response the efficiency gain from the Russian flat Tax Reform is at least 30% smaller than the gain implied by conventional approaches.
Frank Hettich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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growth effects of a revenue neutral environmental Tax Reform
Journal of Economics, 1998Co-Authors: Frank HettichAbstract:This paper analyzes Tax-policy measures within a two-sector endogenously-growing economy with elastic labor supply. Pollution is either modeled as a side product of physical capital used as a production factor in the final-good sector or as a side product of production. The framework allows us to analyze the consequences of isolated Tax changes or of a revenue-neutral environmental Tax Reform for economic growth. Although pollution does not directly affect production processes, it can be shown that a higher pollution Tax as well as a revenue-neutral environmental Tax Reform boost economic growth, whereas a Tax on capital, consumption, or labor reduces the long-term growth rate of the economy.
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growth effects of a revenue neutral environmental Tax Reform
1997Co-Authors: Frank HettichAbstract:This paper analyses Tax policy measures within a two sector endogenously growing economy with elastic labour supply. Pollution is modelled as a side product of physical capital stock used as a primary production factor in the final good sector. The framework allows to analyse consequences of isolated Tax changes or of a revenue neutral environmental Tax Reform for economic growth. Although pollution does not affect directly production processes, it can be shown that a higher pollution Tax or a revenue neutral environmental Tax Reform boosts economic growth, whereas a Tax on capital, consumption or labour reduces the long term growth rate of the economy.
K P Goudswaard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the final Tax Reform effects of a flat rate individual income Tax
European taxation, 2001Co-Authors: C L J Caminada, K P GoudswaardAbstract:The pros and cons of implementing a flat rate individual income Tax, the individual income Tax Reform, the characteristics of the simulated flat Tax, and the income effects of a flat Tax are discussed.
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the final Tax Reform effects of a flat rate individual income Tax
Social Science Research Network, 2001Co-Authors: Koen Caminada, K P GoudswaardAbstract:Throughout the last couple of decades, the individual income Tax systems of most industrialized countries have been (repeatedly) the subject of considerable Reform efforts. Many OECD countries have implemented Tax Reforms characterized by base broadening, reduction of Tax rates and flattening of the rate structure. Recently, the focus has also been on lower Tax-to-GDP ratios. For example, the German government carried out a major Tax Reform in 2000; the package implies a Tax reduction amounting to EUR 25 billion annually in 2005. The Netherlands has just implemented a major Reform.The new Income Tax Act 2001 creates a system with a broader base and lower rates, introduces Tax credits and makes a fundamental change in capital Taxation. Remarkably enough, when the plans for this Reform were discussed (and enacted) in the parliament, members of parliament were already expressing interest in a new Tax Reform. Specifically, they asked the government to investigate the possibilities (or impossibilities) of a flat rate individual income Tax. Various proposals for a flat Tax have been made in other countries, especially in the United States. The meaning of a 'flat Tax' is somewhat ambiguous in political debates and in the economic literature, but generally, a flat rate Tax system has two key features: a very broad Tax base and one fixed rate. Implementing a flat rate individual income Tax in the Netherlands seems to be in line with earlier Reforms, and could be seen as a major - final? - Tax Reform. In this article, we show some of the main effects of such a system. We simulate a very simple flat rate individual income Tax system for the Netherlands and compare the distribution of the current individual income Tax (including social contributions) to thedistribution of the simulated flat rate Tax.3 Essentially, the effects are simulated of eliminating deductions in exchange for a reduction in Tax rates sufficient to keep individual income Tax revenue constant. Under 'our' flat Tax, a uniform proportional rate is levied on a very broad individual income base, while only fixed personal exemptions are deductible from pre-Tax incomes (i.e. a Tax credit). For our analysis we use an extensive income survey of Statistics Netherlands, which covers 217,000 income recipients. Sample data have been combined with data from the Tax administration. As a result, the survey contains the personal distribution of incomes (pre-Tax, Taxable and after-Tax), the distribution of Tax liabilities and almost all deductions. The article is organized as follows. Section II. evaluates the pros and cons of implementing a flat rate individual income Tax. In section III. the individual income Tax Reform in the Netherlands is described briefly. Section IV. presents the characteristics of the simulated flat Tax, while the income effects of such a Tax are illustrated in section V.
