The Experts below are selected from a list of 2244 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ali Nazari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Predicting the total specific pore volume of geopolymers produced from waste Ashes by gene expression programming
Neural Computing and Applications, 2019Co-Authors: Ali NazariAbstract:In the present work, total specific pore volume of inorganic polymers (geopolymers) made from seeded Fly Ash and rice husk–bark Ash has been predicted by gene expression programming. To build the model, training and testing using experimental results from 120 specimens were conducted. The values for input layers were the percentage of fine Fly Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of Coarse Fly Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of fine rice husk–bark Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of Coarse rice husk–bark Ash in the Ashes mixture, the temperature of curing, and the time of water curing. According to the input parameters, in the gene expression programming models, the pore volume of each specimen was predicted. The training and testing results in the gene expression programming models have shown a strong potential for predicting the total specific pore volume of the geopolymer specimens.
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Artificial neural networks for prediction compressive strength of geopolymers with seeded waste Ashes
Neural Computing and Applications, 2013Co-Authors: Ali NazariAbstract:In the present work, compressive strength of inorganic polymers (geopolymers) made from seeded Fly Ash and rice husk bark Ash has been predicted by artificial neural networks. Different specimens were subjected to compressive strength tests at 7 and 28 days of curing. One set of the specimens were cured at room temperature until reaching to 7 and 28 days, and the other sets were oven-cured for 36 h at the range of 40–90 °C and then room cured until 7 and 28 days. A model based on artificial neural networks for predicting the compressive strength of the specimens has been presented. To build the model, training and testing using experimental results from 120 specimens were conducted. The data used in the multilayer feed-forward neural networks models are arranged in a format of six input parameters that cover the percentage of fine Fly Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of Coarse Fly Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of fine rice husk bark Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of Coarse rice husk bark Ash in the Ashes mixture, the temperature of curing, and the time of water curing. According to these input parameters, in the neural networks model, the compressive strength of each specimen was predicted. The training and testing results in the neural networks model have shown a strong potential for predicting the compressive strength of the geopolymer specimens.
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Retraction Note to: Artificial neural networks for prediction compressive strength of geopolymers with seeded waste Ashes
Neural Computing and Applications, 2013Co-Authors: Ali NazariAbstract:In the present work, compressive strength of inorganic polymers (geopolymers) made from seeded Fly Ash and rice husk bark Ash has been predicted by artificial neural networks. Different specimens were subjected to compressive strength tests at 7 and 28 days of curing. One set of the specimens were cured at room temperature until reaching to 7 and 28 days, and the other sets were oven-cured for 36 h at the range of 40–90 °C and then room cured until 7 and 28 days. A model based on artificial neural networks for predicting the compressive strength of the specimens has been presented. To build the model, training and testing using experimental results from 120 specimens were conducted. The data used in the multilayer feed-forward neural networks models are arranged in a format of six input parameters that cover the percentage of fine Fly Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of Coarse Fly Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of fine rice husk bark Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of Coarse rice husk bark Ash in the Ashes mixture, the temperature of curing, and the time of water curing. According to these input parameters, in the neural networks model, the compressive strength of each specimen was predicted. The training and testing results in the neural networks model have shown a strong potential for predicting the compressive strength of the geopolymer specimens.
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: ANFIS-based prediction of the compressive strength of geopolymers with seeded Fly Ash and rice husk–bark Ash
Neural Computing and Applications, 2013Co-Authors: Ali Nazari, Gholamreza Khalaj, Shadi RiahiAbstract:In the present work, compressive strength of geopolymers made from seeded Fly Ash and rice husk–bark Ash has been predicted by adaptive network-based fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). Different specimens, made from a mixture of Fly Ash and rice husk–bark Ash in fine and Coarse forms and a mixture of water glass and NaOH mixture as alkali activator, were subjected to compressive strength tests at 7 and 28 days of curing. The curing regimes were different: one set of the specimens were cured in water at room temperature until 7 and 28 days and the other sets were oven-cured for 36 h at the range of 40–90°C and then cured at room temperature until 7 and 28 days. A model based on ANFIS for predicting the compressive strength of the specimens has been presented. To build the model, training and testing using experimental results from 120 specimens were conducted. The used data as the inputs of ANFIS models are arranged in a format of six parameters that cover the percentage of fine Fly Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of Coarse Fly Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of fine rice husk–bark Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of Coarse rice husk–bark Ash in the Ashes mixture, the temperature of curing, and the time of water curing. According to these input parameters in the ANFIS models, the compressive strength of each specimen was predicted. The training and testing results in ANFIS models showed a strong potential for predicting the compressive strength of the geopolymeric specimens.
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Predicting the total specific pore volume of geopolymers produced from waste Ashes by gene expression programming
Neural Computing and Applications, 2012Co-Authors: Ali NazariAbstract:In the present work, total specific pore volume of inorganic polymers (geopolymers) made from seeded Fly Ash and rice husk–bark Ash has been predicted by gene expression programming. To build the model, training and testing using experimental results from 120 specimens were conducted. The values for input layers were the percentage of fine Fly Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of Coarse Fly Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of fine rice husk–bark Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of Coarse rice husk–bark Ash in the Ashes mixture, the temperature of curing, and the time of water curing. According to the input parameters, in the gene expression programming models, the pore volume of each specimen was predicted. The training and testing results in the gene expression programming models have shown a strong potential for predicting the total specific pore volume of the geopolymer specimens.
J M Toledo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the partitioning of heavy metals in incineration of sludges and waste in a bubbling fluidized bed 2 interpretation of results with a conceptual model
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2005Co-Authors: J M Toledo, J Corella, Luis M CorellaAbstract:Abstract This work addresses the behavior, fate and/or partitioning of six targeted (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni) heavy metals (HMs) in the incineration of sludges and waste in a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) of 15 cm i.d. and 5.2 m high followed by a filter chamber operated at 750–760 °C with a commercial ceramic filter. This paper presents three different things: (1) an in depth review of the published work relating to the problem of partitioning of the HMs in BFBs, (2) some more experimental incineration tests regarding the influence of the temperature of the bed of the BFB and the effect of the chlorine content in the feedstock on the partitioning of the HMs, and (3) the modelling of the partitioning of the HMs in the exit flows: bottom Ash, Coarse Fly Ashes, fine Fly Ash and vapour phase. The partitioning of the HMs is governed by fluid dynamic principles together with the kinetics of the diffusion of the HMs inside the Ash particles and the kinetics of the reactions between the HMs and the components of the matrix of the Ash. Some thermodynamic predictions do not fit the results from the BFB incinerator well enough because equilibria are not reached in at least three exit Ash flows: Coarse Fly Ash, fine Fly Ash and submicron particles. The residence time of these Ash particles in these type of incinerators is very short and most of the HMs have no time to diffuse out of the Ash particle. Finally, an examination was made on how in the ceramic hot filter the partition coefficients for the HMs increased, mainly for Cd and Pb, when the Cl-content in the feedstock was increased.
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The partitioning of heavy metals in incineration of sludges and waste in a bubbling fluidized bed 2. Interpretation of results with a conceptual model.
Journal of hazardous materials, 2005Co-Authors: J M Toledo, J Corella, Luis M CorellaAbstract:This work addresses the behavior, fate and/or partitioning of six targeted (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni) heavy metals (HMs) in the incineration of sludges and waste in a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) of 15 cm i.d. and 5.2m high followed by a filter chamber operated at 750-760 degrees C with a commercial ceramic filter. This paper presents three different things: (1) an in depth review of the published work relating to the problem of partitioning of the HMs in BFBs, (2) some more experimental incineration tests regarding the influence of the temperature of the bed of the BFB and the effect of the chlorine content in the feedstock on the partitioning of the HMs, and (3) the modelling of the partitioning of the HMs in the exit flows: bottom Ash, Coarse Fly Ashes, fine Fly Ash and vapour phase. The partitioning of the HMs is governed by fluid dynamic principles together with the kinetics of the diffusion of the HMs inside the Ash particles and the kinetics of the reactions between the HMs and the components of the matrix of the Ash. Some thermodynamic predictions do not fit the results from the BFB incinerator well enough because equilibria are not reached in at least three exit Ash flows: Coarse Fly Ash, fine Fly Ash and submicron particles. The residence time of these Ash particles in these type of incinerators is very short and most of the HMs have no time to diffuse out of the Ash particle. Finally, an examination was made on how in the ceramic hot filter the partition coefficients for the HMs increased, mainly for Cd and Pb, when the Cl-content in the feedstock was increased.
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Incineration of doped sludges in fluidized bed. Fate and partitioning of six targeted heavy metals. I. Pilot plant used and results.
Journal of hazardous materials, 2000Co-Authors: J Corella, J M ToledoAbstract:Incineration of sewage sludge doped with several heavy metals was studied at small pilot plant scale in a bubbling fluidized bed of 15cm i.d. and 5.2m height. Some ceramic and metallic filters were tested at a relatively high temperature (600-700 degrees C) to check their usefulness for partitioning of heavy metals in the flue gas. The work was focused on the fate of six selected heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb). In this process, there were four exit flows or discharges for these metals: bottom Ash, Coarse Fly Ash, cake filter or fine Fly Ash and flue exit gas. The distribution or partitioning of each heavy metal (HM) among these four exit flows was studied. Only cadmium and sometimes lead showed any difference between the different HMs considered. All other HMs seems to have the same fate, distribution or partitioning. Such distribution is governed or ruled by the fluid dynamics in the incinerator, cyclone and ceramic filter. Most of the HMs do not have enough residence time in this incinerator type to diffuse out of the Ash particle and so remain in the particle. The amount of each HM in each exit flow in this process is governed by fluid dynamics and kinetics and not at all by thermodynamics.
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Incineration of doped sludges in fluidized bed. Fate and partitioning of six targeted heavy metals. I. Pilot plant used and results
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2000Co-Authors: J Corella, J M ToledoAbstract:Abstract Incineration of sewage sludge doped with several heavy metals was studied at small pilot plant scale in a bubbling fluidized bed of 15 cm i.d. and 5.2 m height. Some ceramic and metallic filters were tested at a relatively high temperature (600–700°C) to check their usefulness for partitioning of heavy metals in the flue gas. The work was focused on the fate of six selected heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb). In this process, there were four exit flows or discharges for these metals: bottom Ash, Coarse Fly Ash, cake filter or fine Fly Ash and flue exit gas. The distribution or partitioning of each heavy metal (HM) among these four exit flows was studied. Only cadmium and sometimes lead showed any difference between the different HMs considered. All other HMs seems to have the same fate, distribution or partitioning. Such distribution is governed or ruled by the fluid dynamics in the incinerator, cyclone and ceramic filter. Most of the HMs do not have enough residence time in this incinerator type to diffuse out of the Ash particle and so remain in the particle. The amount of each HM in each exit flow in this process is governed by fluid dynamics and kinetics and not at all by thermodynamics.
V.m Malhotra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mechanical properties and durability of concrete made with high volume Fly Ash blended cements using a Coarse Fly Ash
Cement and Concrete Research, 2001Co-Authors: N Ouzoubaâ, Min-hong Zhang, V.m MalhotraAbstract:This paper presents a study on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete made with a high-volume Fly Ash (HVFA) blended cement using a Coarse Fly Ash that does not meet the fineness requirement of ASTM C 618. The results were compared with those of the HVFA concrete in which unground Fly Ash had been added at the concrete mixer. The properties of the fresh concrete determined included the slump, air content, slump loss, stability of air content, bleeding, and setting time; those of the hardened concrete investigated included the compressive strength, flexural- and splitting-tensile strengths, Young's modulus of elasticity, drying shrinkage, resistance to abrasion, chloride-ion penetration, freezing and thawing cycling, and to deicing salt scaling. The results show that except for the resistance of the concrete to the deicing salt scaling, the mechanical properties and the durability of concrete made with this blended cement were superior to the concrete in which the unground Fly Ash and the cement had been added separately at the mixer. The production of HVFA blended cements, therefore, offers an effective way for the utilization of Coarse Fly Ashes that do not otherwise meet the fineness requirements of ASTM C 618.
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Laboratory-produced high-volume Fly Ash blended cements: compressive strength and resistance to the chloride-ion penetration of concrete
Cement and Concrete Research, 2000Co-Authors: N Bouzoubaâ, Min-hong Zhang, V.m MalhotraAbstract:This paper presents data on the performance of the concrete made with high-volume Fly Ash (HVFA) blended cements using Fly Ashes from Canada and the USA. The parameters investigated included the compressive strength of concrete and its resistance to the chloride-ion penetration. Regardless of the type of the Fly Ash used, the concrete made with the HVFA blended cements developed higher compressive strength at all ages than that of the HVFA concrete in which unground Fly Ashes and laboratory-produced portland cements had been added separately at the concrete mixer. The increase in the compressive strength was more significant for the HVFA blended cements produced with the cement without a superplasticizer (SP) and made with Coarse Fly Ash. The use of the HVFA blended cements improved the resistance of the concrete to the chloride-ion penetration, and the improvement in the resistance increased with an increase in the intergrinding time of the Fly Ash and the cement.
Shadi Riahi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: ANFIS-based prediction of the compressive strength of geopolymers with seeded Fly Ash and rice husk–bark Ash
Neural Computing and Applications, 2013Co-Authors: Ali Nazari, Gholamreza Khalaj, Shadi RiahiAbstract:In the present work, compressive strength of geopolymers made from seeded Fly Ash and rice husk–bark Ash has been predicted by adaptive network-based fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). Different specimens, made from a mixture of Fly Ash and rice husk–bark Ash in fine and Coarse forms and a mixture of water glass and NaOH mixture as alkali activator, were subjected to compressive strength tests at 7 and 28 days of curing. The curing regimes were different: one set of the specimens were cured in water at room temperature until 7 and 28 days and the other sets were oven-cured for 36 h at the range of 40–90°C and then cured at room temperature until 7 and 28 days. A model based on ANFIS for predicting the compressive strength of the specimens has been presented. To build the model, training and testing using experimental results from 120 specimens were conducted. The used data as the inputs of ANFIS models are arranged in a format of six parameters that cover the percentage of fine Fly Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of Coarse Fly Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of fine rice husk–bark Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of Coarse rice husk–bark Ash in the Ashes mixture, the temperature of curing, and the time of water curing. According to these input parameters in the ANFIS models, the compressive strength of each specimen was predicted. The training and testing results in ANFIS models showed a strong potential for predicting the compressive strength of the geopolymeric specimens.
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Experimental investigations and fuzzy logic modeling of compressive strength of geopolymers with seeded Fly Ash and rice husk bark Ash
Composites Part B: Engineering, 2012Co-Authors: Hamid Bohlooli, Ali Nazari, Gholamreza Khalaj, Mohammad Mehdi Kaykha, Shadi RiahiAbstract:Abstract In the present work, compressive strength of inorganic polymers (geopolymers) made from seeded Fly Ash and rice husk bark Ash has been predicted by adaptive fuzzy logic. Different specimens, made from a mixture of Fly Ash and rice husk bark Ash in fine and Coarse form together with alkali activator made of water glass and NaOH solution, were subjected to compressive strength tests at 7 and 28 days of curing. The curing regime was different: one set cured at room temperature until reaching to 7 and 28 days and the other sets were oven cured for 36 h at the range of 40–90 °C and then cured at room temperature until 7 and 28 days. A model based on fuzzy logic for predicting the compressive strength of the specimens has been presented. To build the model, training and testing using experimental results from 120 specimens were conducted. The data used as the inputs of fuzzy logic model are arranged in a format of six input parameters that cover the percentage of fine Fly Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of Coarse Fly Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of fine rice husk bark Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of Coarse rice husk bark Ash in the Ashes mixture, the temperature of curing and the time of water curing. According to these input parameters, in the fuzzy logic model, the compressive strength of each specimen was predicted. The training and testing results in fuzzy logic model have shown a strong potential for predicting the compressive strength of the geopolymer specimens.
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ANFIS-based prediction of the compressive strength of geopolymers with seeded Fly Ash and rice husk–bark Ash
Neural Computing and Applications, 2011Co-Authors: Ali Nazari, Gholamreza Khalaj, Shadi RiahiAbstract:In the present work, compressive strength of geopolymers made from seeded Fly Ash and rice husk–bark Ash has been predicted by adaptive network-based fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). Different specimens, made from a mixture of Fly Ash and rice husk–bark Ash in fine and Coarse forms and a mixture of water glass and NaOH mixture as alkali activator, were subjected to compressive strength tests at 7 and 28 days of curing. The curing regimes were different: one set of the specimens were cured in water at room temperature until 7 and 28 days and the other sets were oven-cured for 36 h at the range of 40–90°C and then cured at room temperature until 7 and 28 days. A model based on ANFIS for predicting the compressive strength of the specimens has been presented. To build the model, training and testing using experimental results from 120 specimens were conducted. The used data as the inputs of ANFIS models are arranged in a format of six parameters that cover the percentage of fine Fly Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of Coarse Fly Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of fine rice husk–bark Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of Coarse rice husk–bark Ash in the Ashes mixture, the temperature of curing, and the time of water curing. According to these input parameters in the ANFIS models, the compressive strength of each specimen was predicted. The training and testing results in ANFIS models showed a strong potential for predicting the compressive strength of the geopolymeric specimens.
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Prediction of Resistance to Water Damage of Geopolymers with Seeded Fly Ash and Rice Husk Bark Ash by Fuzzy Logic
International Journal of Damage Mechanics, 2011Co-Authors: Shadi Riahi, Ali Nazari, Davood GhasemiAbstract:In this study, percentage of water absorption of geopolymers made from seeded Fly Ash and rice husk bark Ash has been predicted by fuzzy logic. Different specimens, made from a mixture of Fly Ash and rice husk bark Ash in fine and Coarse forms, together with alkali activator made (a solution of water glass and NaOH), were subjected to permeability tests at 7 and 28 days of curing. The curing regime was different: one set of the specimens was cured at room tem- perature until 7 and 28 days and the other sets were oven cured for 36 h at the range 4090 � C and then cured at room temperature until 7 and 28 days. A model based on fuzzy logic for predicting the percentage of water absorption of the specimens has been presented. To build the model, training and testing using experimental results from 120 specimens were conducted. The data used as inputs of fuzzy logic model are arranged in a format of six parameters that cover the percentage of fine Fly Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of Coarse Fly Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of fine rice husk bark Ash in the Ashes mixture, the percentage of Coarse rice husk bark Ash in the Ashes mixture, the temperature of curing, and the time of water curing. According to these input parameters, in the fuzzy logic model, the percentage of water absorption of each specimen was predicted. It has been found that fuzzy model will be valid within the ranges of variables. The training and testing results in the fuzzy logic model have shown a strong potential for predicting the percentage of water absorption of the geopolymer specimens.
J Corella - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the partitioning of heavy metals in incineration of sludges and waste in a bubbling fluidized bed 2 interpretation of results with a conceptual model
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2005Co-Authors: J M Toledo, J Corella, Luis M CorellaAbstract:Abstract This work addresses the behavior, fate and/or partitioning of six targeted (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni) heavy metals (HMs) in the incineration of sludges and waste in a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) of 15 cm i.d. and 5.2 m high followed by a filter chamber operated at 750–760 °C with a commercial ceramic filter. This paper presents three different things: (1) an in depth review of the published work relating to the problem of partitioning of the HMs in BFBs, (2) some more experimental incineration tests regarding the influence of the temperature of the bed of the BFB and the effect of the chlorine content in the feedstock on the partitioning of the HMs, and (3) the modelling of the partitioning of the HMs in the exit flows: bottom Ash, Coarse Fly Ashes, fine Fly Ash and vapour phase. The partitioning of the HMs is governed by fluid dynamic principles together with the kinetics of the diffusion of the HMs inside the Ash particles and the kinetics of the reactions between the HMs and the components of the matrix of the Ash. Some thermodynamic predictions do not fit the results from the BFB incinerator well enough because equilibria are not reached in at least three exit Ash flows: Coarse Fly Ash, fine Fly Ash and submicron particles. The residence time of these Ash particles in these type of incinerators is very short and most of the HMs have no time to diffuse out of the Ash particle. Finally, an examination was made on how in the ceramic hot filter the partition coefficients for the HMs increased, mainly for Cd and Pb, when the Cl-content in the feedstock was increased.
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The partitioning of heavy metals in incineration of sludges and waste in a bubbling fluidized bed 2. Interpretation of results with a conceptual model.
Journal of hazardous materials, 2005Co-Authors: J M Toledo, J Corella, Luis M CorellaAbstract:This work addresses the behavior, fate and/or partitioning of six targeted (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni) heavy metals (HMs) in the incineration of sludges and waste in a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) of 15 cm i.d. and 5.2m high followed by a filter chamber operated at 750-760 degrees C with a commercial ceramic filter. This paper presents three different things: (1) an in depth review of the published work relating to the problem of partitioning of the HMs in BFBs, (2) some more experimental incineration tests regarding the influence of the temperature of the bed of the BFB and the effect of the chlorine content in the feedstock on the partitioning of the HMs, and (3) the modelling of the partitioning of the HMs in the exit flows: bottom Ash, Coarse Fly Ashes, fine Fly Ash and vapour phase. The partitioning of the HMs is governed by fluid dynamic principles together with the kinetics of the diffusion of the HMs inside the Ash particles and the kinetics of the reactions between the HMs and the components of the matrix of the Ash. Some thermodynamic predictions do not fit the results from the BFB incinerator well enough because equilibria are not reached in at least three exit Ash flows: Coarse Fly Ash, fine Fly Ash and submicron particles. The residence time of these Ash particles in these type of incinerators is very short and most of the HMs have no time to diffuse out of the Ash particle. Finally, an examination was made on how in the ceramic hot filter the partition coefficients for the HMs increased, mainly for Cd and Pb, when the Cl-content in the feedstock was increased.
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Incineration of doped sludges in fluidized bed. Fate and partitioning of six targeted heavy metals. I. Pilot plant used and results.
Journal of hazardous materials, 2000Co-Authors: J Corella, J M ToledoAbstract:Incineration of sewage sludge doped with several heavy metals was studied at small pilot plant scale in a bubbling fluidized bed of 15cm i.d. and 5.2m height. Some ceramic and metallic filters were tested at a relatively high temperature (600-700 degrees C) to check their usefulness for partitioning of heavy metals in the flue gas. The work was focused on the fate of six selected heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb). In this process, there were four exit flows or discharges for these metals: bottom Ash, Coarse Fly Ash, cake filter or fine Fly Ash and flue exit gas. The distribution or partitioning of each heavy metal (HM) among these four exit flows was studied. Only cadmium and sometimes lead showed any difference between the different HMs considered. All other HMs seems to have the same fate, distribution or partitioning. Such distribution is governed or ruled by the fluid dynamics in the incinerator, cyclone and ceramic filter. Most of the HMs do not have enough residence time in this incinerator type to diffuse out of the Ash particle and so remain in the particle. The amount of each HM in each exit flow in this process is governed by fluid dynamics and kinetics and not at all by thermodynamics.
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Incineration of doped sludges in fluidized bed. Fate and partitioning of six targeted heavy metals. I. Pilot plant used and results
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2000Co-Authors: J Corella, J M ToledoAbstract:Abstract Incineration of sewage sludge doped with several heavy metals was studied at small pilot plant scale in a bubbling fluidized bed of 15 cm i.d. and 5.2 m height. Some ceramic and metallic filters were tested at a relatively high temperature (600–700°C) to check their usefulness for partitioning of heavy metals in the flue gas. The work was focused on the fate of six selected heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb). In this process, there were four exit flows or discharges for these metals: bottom Ash, Coarse Fly Ash, cake filter or fine Fly Ash and flue exit gas. The distribution or partitioning of each heavy metal (HM) among these four exit flows was studied. Only cadmium and sometimes lead showed any difference between the different HMs considered. All other HMs seems to have the same fate, distribution or partitioning. Such distribution is governed or ruled by the fluid dynamics in the incinerator, cyclone and ceramic filter. Most of the HMs do not have enough residence time in this incinerator type to diffuse out of the Ash particle and so remain in the particle. The amount of each HM in each exit flow in this process is governed by fluid dynamics and kinetics and not at all by thermodynamics.