The Experts below are selected from a list of 23691 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Karen M. Mancl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
pretreatment of turkey fat containing wastewater in Coarse Sand and gravel Coarse Sand bioreactors
Bioresource Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Rashmi Singh Gaur, Ling Cai, Olli H. Tuovinen, Karen M. ManclAbstract:Fat, oil and grease in wastewater can be difficult to treat because of their slow decomposition. Traditional pretreatment facilities to remove fat, oil and grease from wastewater are increasingly costly. The hypothesis in this study was that pretreatment of animal fat-containing wastewater in Sand and Sand/gravel filters facilitates the conversion of slowly degradable organic matter measured as the difference between chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD(5)) for subsequent biological treatment. The pretreatment was evaluated using simulated turkey-processing wastewater and Coarse Sand and Sand/gravel filters at a constant hydraulic loading rate of 132L/m(2)/day. Two types of fixed media reactors were employed: (i) one set with a varying depth of Coarse Sand, and (ii) the second was similar but with an additional pea gravel cap. The results indicated that the relative removal of COD was slightly improved in the Sand bioreactors with a pea gravel cap irrespective of the depth of Coarse Sand, but partial conversion to BOD(5) was not consistently demonstrated. Pea gravel may act as a sieve to entrap organic matter including fat globules from the wastewater. Multiple dosing at the same daily loading rate slightly improved the treatment efficiency of the Sand bioreactors. The ratios of influent-COD/effluent-COD were always greater than 1.0 following a change in the dosing frequency after a rest period, suggesting that organic matter, specifically fat globules in this case, was retained by the column matrix.
-
Pretreatment of turkey fat-containing wastewater in Coarse Sand and gravel/Coarse Sand bioreactors
Bioresource technology, 2009Co-Authors: Rashmi Singh Gaur, Ling Cai, Olli H. Tuovinen, Karen M. ManclAbstract:Fat, oil and grease in wastewater can be difficult to treat because of their slow decomposition. Traditional pretreatment facilities to remove fat, oil and grease from wastewater are increasingly costly. The hypothesis in this study was that pretreatment of animal fat-containing wastewater in Sand and Sand/gravel filters facilitates the conversion of slowly degradable organic matter measured as the difference between chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD(5)) for subsequent biological treatment. The pretreatment was evaluated using simulated turkey-processing wastewater and Coarse Sand and Sand/gravel filters at a constant hydraulic loading rate of 132L/m(2)/day. Two types of fixed media reactors were employed: (i) one set with a varying depth of Coarse Sand, and (ii) the second was similar but with an additional pea gravel cap. The results indicated that the relative removal of COD was slightly improved in the Sand bioreactors with a pea gravel cap irrespective of the depth of Coarse Sand, but partial conversion to BOD(5) was not consistently demonstrated. Pea gravel may act as a sieve to entrap organic matter including fat globules from the wastewater. Multiple dosing at the same daily loading rate slightly improved the treatment efficiency of the Sand bioreactors. The ratios of influent-COD/effluent-COD were always greater than 1.0 following a change in the dosing frequency after a rest period, suggesting that organic matter, specifically fat globules in this case, was retained by the column matrix.
Byung-suk Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Freeze-Thaw Effect on Coarse Sand Coated Interface between FRP and Concrete
Engineering, 2013Co-Authors: Keunhee Cho, Jeong-rae Cho, Sung Yong Park, Sung Tae Kim, Byung-suk KimAbstract:This paper examines the effect of freezing and thawing on the Coarse Sand coating chosen to achieve the composition of FRP and concrete in FRP-concrete composite deck. Push-out test specimens with dimensions of 100 × 100 × 450 mm were subjected to repeated freeze-thaw cycles under wet conditions ranging from -18℃± 2℃ to 4℃ ± 2℃. The failure strength of the interface and the deformation of FRP at failure exhibited by the specimens that experienced 300 freezing-thawing cycles showed a difference of merely 5% compared to those of the specimens that were not subjected to freeze-thaw. This indicates that Coarse Sand coating is not affected by freezing-thawing cycles and the FRP-concrete composite deck owns sufficient applicability in terms of durability against freezing-thawing.
-
Shear connection system and performance evaluation of FRP-concrete composite deck
KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2010Co-Authors: Keunhee Cho, Jeong-rae Cho, Sung Yong Park, Sung Tae Kim, Byung-suk KimAbstract:Strong composition between FRP and concrete is an indispensable prerequisite to achieve the structural integrity of FRP-concrete composite deck. Accordingly, this study evaluates experimentally the behavioral characteristics of such shear connection systems realized by Coarse Sand coating and concrete wedge. The results show that Coarse Sand coating develops composite performance close to perfect composition in the shear direction but exhibits weakness against normal split. On the other hand, concrete wedge appears to be an efficient solution to resolve such problem. Therefore, a new shear connection system combining Coarse Sand coating and concrete wedge has been conceived and test revealed that the new shear connection system provides equivalent static performance together with significantly improved fatigue performance compared to the Coarse Sand coating composition. Following, the shear connection system combining both Coarse Sand coating and concrete wedge constitutes an efficient solution satisfying the strong composition requirement for the structural system.
-
Bond characteristics of Coarse Sand coated interface between stay-in-place fibre-reinforced polymer formwork and concrete based on shear and tension tests
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2010Co-Authors: Jeong-rae Cho, Keunhee Chok. Cho, Sung Yong Parks.y. Park, Sung Tae Kims.t. Kim, Byung-suk KimAbstract:This study examined the effect of aggregate size and density on the shear and tensile bond characteristics of the Coarse Sand coated interface between stay-in-place fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) formwork and concrete. Shear and tension tests were performed for five test variables according to aggregate size and density. Based on the test results, the appropriate size and distribution density of the aggregates is examined. In addition, based on the shear test results, the local shear bond stress-slip model for each of the test variables was derived through an optimization process.
-
Bond-slip model for Coarse Sand coated interface between FRP and concrete from optimization technique
Computers & Structures, 2006Co-Authors: Keunhee Cho, Jeong-rae Cho, Won Jong Chin, Byung-suk KimAbstract:Innovative FRP-concrete composite bridge deck systems fabricated by casting concrete above FRP panel have been proposed and have already been implemented actually. In such deck systems, the FRP panel plays the role of formwork during the curing of concrete and behaves as a structural member combined with concrete during service life. Coarse Sand coating is usually applied to secure composite behavior of the two materials instead of epoxy bonding, which is extensively used for retrofit purpose of deteriorated structures. This study focuses on investigating the bond behavior of Coarse Sand coating experimentally and analytically. Pure shear tests on Coarse Sand coated and epoxy coated joints are performed from which results are used to extract the bond-slip model. A method to obtain the bond-slip model from pure shear test is proposed, in which analytic solution of bond-slip model based on fracture mechanics is introduced and physical programming technique is used for formulation. Genetic algorithm is adopted for the optimization. Application of the proposed method produces local bond-slip model for Coarse Sand coating. Finally, in order to verify the proposed method and local bond-slip model, 4-point bending test of beam specimens with Coarse Sand coated FRP plate is performed and the result is compared to finite element analysis including the proposed local bond-slip model.
Olli H. Tuovinen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
pretreatment of turkey fat containing wastewater in Coarse Sand and gravel Coarse Sand bioreactors
Bioresource Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Rashmi Singh Gaur, Ling Cai, Olli H. Tuovinen, Karen M. ManclAbstract:Fat, oil and grease in wastewater can be difficult to treat because of their slow decomposition. Traditional pretreatment facilities to remove fat, oil and grease from wastewater are increasingly costly. The hypothesis in this study was that pretreatment of animal fat-containing wastewater in Sand and Sand/gravel filters facilitates the conversion of slowly degradable organic matter measured as the difference between chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD(5)) for subsequent biological treatment. The pretreatment was evaluated using simulated turkey-processing wastewater and Coarse Sand and Sand/gravel filters at a constant hydraulic loading rate of 132L/m(2)/day. Two types of fixed media reactors were employed: (i) one set with a varying depth of Coarse Sand, and (ii) the second was similar but with an additional pea gravel cap. The results indicated that the relative removal of COD was slightly improved in the Sand bioreactors with a pea gravel cap irrespective of the depth of Coarse Sand, but partial conversion to BOD(5) was not consistently demonstrated. Pea gravel may act as a sieve to entrap organic matter including fat globules from the wastewater. Multiple dosing at the same daily loading rate slightly improved the treatment efficiency of the Sand bioreactors. The ratios of influent-COD/effluent-COD were always greater than 1.0 following a change in the dosing frequency after a rest period, suggesting that organic matter, specifically fat globules in this case, was retained by the column matrix.
-
Pretreatment of turkey fat-containing wastewater in Coarse Sand and gravel/Coarse Sand bioreactors
Bioresource technology, 2009Co-Authors: Rashmi Singh Gaur, Ling Cai, Olli H. Tuovinen, Karen M. ManclAbstract:Fat, oil and grease in wastewater can be difficult to treat because of their slow decomposition. Traditional pretreatment facilities to remove fat, oil and grease from wastewater are increasingly costly. The hypothesis in this study was that pretreatment of animal fat-containing wastewater in Sand and Sand/gravel filters facilitates the conversion of slowly degradable organic matter measured as the difference between chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD(5)) for subsequent biological treatment. The pretreatment was evaluated using simulated turkey-processing wastewater and Coarse Sand and Sand/gravel filters at a constant hydraulic loading rate of 132L/m(2)/day. Two types of fixed media reactors were employed: (i) one set with a varying depth of Coarse Sand, and (ii) the second was similar but with an additional pea gravel cap. The results indicated that the relative removal of COD was slightly improved in the Sand bioreactors with a pea gravel cap irrespective of the depth of Coarse Sand, but partial conversion to BOD(5) was not consistently demonstrated. Pea gravel may act as a sieve to entrap organic matter including fat globules from the wastewater. Multiple dosing at the same daily loading rate slightly improved the treatment efficiency of the Sand bioreactors. The ratios of influent-COD/effluent-COD were always greater than 1.0 following a change in the dosing frequency after a rest period, suggesting that organic matter, specifically fat globules in this case, was retained by the column matrix.
Ling Cai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
pretreatment of turkey fat containing wastewater in Coarse Sand and gravel Coarse Sand bioreactors
Bioresource Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Rashmi Singh Gaur, Ling Cai, Olli H. Tuovinen, Karen M. ManclAbstract:Fat, oil and grease in wastewater can be difficult to treat because of their slow decomposition. Traditional pretreatment facilities to remove fat, oil and grease from wastewater are increasingly costly. The hypothesis in this study was that pretreatment of animal fat-containing wastewater in Sand and Sand/gravel filters facilitates the conversion of slowly degradable organic matter measured as the difference between chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD(5)) for subsequent biological treatment. The pretreatment was evaluated using simulated turkey-processing wastewater and Coarse Sand and Sand/gravel filters at a constant hydraulic loading rate of 132L/m(2)/day. Two types of fixed media reactors were employed: (i) one set with a varying depth of Coarse Sand, and (ii) the second was similar but with an additional pea gravel cap. The results indicated that the relative removal of COD was slightly improved in the Sand bioreactors with a pea gravel cap irrespective of the depth of Coarse Sand, but partial conversion to BOD(5) was not consistently demonstrated. Pea gravel may act as a sieve to entrap organic matter including fat globules from the wastewater. Multiple dosing at the same daily loading rate slightly improved the treatment efficiency of the Sand bioreactors. The ratios of influent-COD/effluent-COD were always greater than 1.0 following a change in the dosing frequency after a rest period, suggesting that organic matter, specifically fat globules in this case, was retained by the column matrix.
-
Pretreatment of turkey fat-containing wastewater in Coarse Sand and gravel/Coarse Sand bioreactors
Bioresource technology, 2009Co-Authors: Rashmi Singh Gaur, Ling Cai, Olli H. Tuovinen, Karen M. ManclAbstract:Fat, oil and grease in wastewater can be difficult to treat because of their slow decomposition. Traditional pretreatment facilities to remove fat, oil and grease from wastewater are increasingly costly. The hypothesis in this study was that pretreatment of animal fat-containing wastewater in Sand and Sand/gravel filters facilitates the conversion of slowly degradable organic matter measured as the difference between chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD(5)) for subsequent biological treatment. The pretreatment was evaluated using simulated turkey-processing wastewater and Coarse Sand and Sand/gravel filters at a constant hydraulic loading rate of 132L/m(2)/day. Two types of fixed media reactors were employed: (i) one set with a varying depth of Coarse Sand, and (ii) the second was similar but with an additional pea gravel cap. The results indicated that the relative removal of COD was slightly improved in the Sand bioreactors with a pea gravel cap irrespective of the depth of Coarse Sand, but partial conversion to BOD(5) was not consistently demonstrated. Pea gravel may act as a sieve to entrap organic matter including fat globules from the wastewater. Multiple dosing at the same daily loading rate slightly improved the treatment efficiency of the Sand bioreactors. The ratios of influent-COD/effluent-COD were always greater than 1.0 following a change in the dosing frequency after a rest period, suggesting that organic matter, specifically fat globules in this case, was retained by the column matrix.
Rashmi Singh Gaur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
pretreatment of turkey fat containing wastewater in Coarse Sand and gravel Coarse Sand bioreactors
Bioresource Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Rashmi Singh Gaur, Ling Cai, Olli H. Tuovinen, Karen M. ManclAbstract:Fat, oil and grease in wastewater can be difficult to treat because of their slow decomposition. Traditional pretreatment facilities to remove fat, oil and grease from wastewater are increasingly costly. The hypothesis in this study was that pretreatment of animal fat-containing wastewater in Sand and Sand/gravel filters facilitates the conversion of slowly degradable organic matter measured as the difference between chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD(5)) for subsequent biological treatment. The pretreatment was evaluated using simulated turkey-processing wastewater and Coarse Sand and Sand/gravel filters at a constant hydraulic loading rate of 132L/m(2)/day. Two types of fixed media reactors were employed: (i) one set with a varying depth of Coarse Sand, and (ii) the second was similar but with an additional pea gravel cap. The results indicated that the relative removal of COD was slightly improved in the Sand bioreactors with a pea gravel cap irrespective of the depth of Coarse Sand, but partial conversion to BOD(5) was not consistently demonstrated. Pea gravel may act as a sieve to entrap organic matter including fat globules from the wastewater. Multiple dosing at the same daily loading rate slightly improved the treatment efficiency of the Sand bioreactors. The ratios of influent-COD/effluent-COD were always greater than 1.0 following a change in the dosing frequency after a rest period, suggesting that organic matter, specifically fat globules in this case, was retained by the column matrix.
-
Pretreatment of turkey fat-containing wastewater in Coarse Sand and gravel/Coarse Sand bioreactors
Bioresource technology, 2009Co-Authors: Rashmi Singh Gaur, Ling Cai, Olli H. Tuovinen, Karen M. ManclAbstract:Fat, oil and grease in wastewater can be difficult to treat because of their slow decomposition. Traditional pretreatment facilities to remove fat, oil and grease from wastewater are increasingly costly. The hypothesis in this study was that pretreatment of animal fat-containing wastewater in Sand and Sand/gravel filters facilitates the conversion of slowly degradable organic matter measured as the difference between chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD(5)) for subsequent biological treatment. The pretreatment was evaluated using simulated turkey-processing wastewater and Coarse Sand and Sand/gravel filters at a constant hydraulic loading rate of 132L/m(2)/day. Two types of fixed media reactors were employed: (i) one set with a varying depth of Coarse Sand, and (ii) the second was similar but with an additional pea gravel cap. The results indicated that the relative removal of COD was slightly improved in the Sand bioreactors with a pea gravel cap irrespective of the depth of Coarse Sand, but partial conversion to BOD(5) was not consistently demonstrated. Pea gravel may act as a sieve to entrap organic matter including fat globules from the wastewater. Multiple dosing at the same daily loading rate slightly improved the treatment efficiency of the Sand bioreactors. The ratios of influent-COD/effluent-COD were always greater than 1.0 following a change in the dosing frequency after a rest period, suggesting that organic matter, specifically fat globules in this case, was retained by the column matrix.