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Kazunori Ike - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Morphological and molecular characterization of Cystoisospora sp. from Asian small-clawed otters Aonyx cinereus.
    International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife, 2018
    Co-Authors: Toshihiro Tokiwa, Ai Ohnuki, Rie Kubota, Kenichi Tamukai, Kazunori Ike
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this study, we provide the first description of Cystoisospora Infection in Asian small-clawed otters ( Aonyx cinereus ). In July 2017, three juvenile otters recently imported from the Republic of Indonesia showed severe diarrhea and were diagnosed with Coccidial Infection; two of them eventually died. Fecal examination revealed the presence of numerous oocysts. Sporulated oocysts showed typical Cystoisospora features, measuring 24.6 ± 1.6 (22.0–27.0) × 21.8 ± 1.4 (19.0–25.0) μm, with an oocyst length/width ratio of 1.1 ± 0.1 (1.0–1.3). Each sporocyst contained four sporozoites in a head-to-tail arrangement. The Stieda body was absent, and the sporocyst residuum was present. These morphological characteristics differentiated this species from the other valid Cystoisospora species described from mustelids. Molecular analysis was conducted at two loci: the nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes. The 18S sequence showed high similarity with canine Cystoisispora ohioensis (1-bp difference, 1422/1423 [99.9%]). At the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene locus, the sequence from otters was identical to that of feline Cystoisospora rivolta (847/847 [100%]). Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated data demonstrated that Cystoisospora sp. from otters and C. rivolta grouped together in the same Cystoisospora clade. Based on these data, we concluded that Cystoisospora sp. detected from otters appeared to be highly similar to C. rivolta.

  • Morphological and molecular characterization of Cystoisospora sp. from Asian small-clawed otters Aonyx cinereus
    Elsevier, 2018
    Co-Authors: Toshihiro Tokiwa, Ai Ohnuki, Rie Kubota, Kenichi Tamukai, Kazunori Ike
    Abstract:

    In this study, we provide the first description of Cystoisospora Infection in Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinereus). In July 2017, three juvenile otters recently imported from the Republic of Indonesia showed severe diarrhea and were diagnosed with Coccidial Infection; two of them eventually died. Fecal examination revealed the presence of numerous oocysts. Sporulated oocysts showed typical Cystoisospora features, measuring 24.6 ± 1.6 (22.0–27.0) × 21.8 ± 1.4 (19.0–25.0) μm, with an oocyst length/width ratio of 1.1 ± 0.1 (1.0–1.3). Each sporocyst contained four sporozoites in a head-to-tail arrangement. The Stieda body was absent, and the sporocyst residuum was present. These morphological characteristics differentiated this species from the other valid Cystoisospora species described from mustelids. Molecular analysis was conducted at two loci: the nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes. The 18S sequence showed high similarity with canine Cystoisispora ohioensis (1-bp difference, 1422/1423 [99.9%]). At the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene locus, the sequence from otters was identical to that of feline Cystoisospora rivolta (847/847 [100%]). Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated data demonstrated that Cystoisospora sp. from otters and C. rivolta grouped together in the same Cystoisospora clade. Based on these data, we concluded that Cystoisospora sp. detected from otters appeared to be highly similar to C. rivolta. Keywords: Cystoisospora, Isospora, Otter, Phylogenetic analysis, Coccidianl infectio

Geoffrey E. Hill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Coccidial Infection does not influence preening behavior in American goldfinches
    acta ethologica, 2014
    Co-Authors: Adrian Surmacki, Geoffrey E. Hill
    Abstract:

    Preening behavior in birds is important for the maintenance of thermoregulatory and ornamental functions of plumage. It has been repeatedly demonstrated that birds trade off time between plumage maintenance and other activities. However, the condition-dependent constraints of preening remain virtually unstudied. Here, we present the first experimental test of the hypothesis that intestinal parasite Infection impairs preening activity. We studied male American goldfinches ( Spinus tristis ), a species with carotenoid-based plumage coloration. Following pre-alternate (spring) molt, we manipulated the health of males by infecting some birds with Isospora spp. coccidia and keeping others free of the Infection. Although the goldfinches increased preening throughout the captive period, we found no significant effect of Coccidial treatment on preening behavior. The effect of coccidia on plumage maintenance may be more pronounced under natural conditions where birds have limited access to food and engage in more activities that might limit time available for preening.

  • SHORT COMMUNICATION Coccidial Infection does not influence preening behavior in American goldfinches
    2013
    Co-Authors: Adrian Surmacki, Geoffrey E. Hill
    Abstract:

    Abstract Preening behavior in birds is important for the main-tenance of thermoregulatory and ornamental functions of plum-age. It has been repeatedly demonstrated that birds trade off time between plumage maintenance and other activities. However, the condition-dependent constraints of preening re-main virtually unstudied. Here, we present the first experimen-tal test of the hypothesis that intestinal parasite Infection impairs preening activity. We studied male American goldfinches (Spinus tristis), a species with carotenoid-based plumage col-oration. Following pre-alternate (spring) molt, we manipulated the health of males by infecting some birds with Isospora spp. coccidia and keeping others free of the Infection. Although the goldfinches increased preening throughout the captive period, we found no significant effect of Coccidial treatment on preening behavior. The effect of coccidia on plumage mainte-nancemay bemore pronounced under natural conditions where birds have limited access to food and engage in more activities that might limit time available for preening

  • The effect of Coccidial Infection on iridescent plumage coloration in wild turkeys
    Animal Behaviour, 2005
    Co-Authors: Geoffrey E. Hill, Stéphanie M. Doucet, Richard Buchholz
    Abstract:

    Wild turkeys, Meleagris gallopavo, are among the most ornamented birds in North America, displaying vividly coloured fleshy ornaments on their heads and bright, iridescent structural coloration in their plumage. We investigated the effect of experimental inoculation with coccidian parasites on the expression of iridescent structural coloration in yearling male turkeys. Prior to moult of ornamental feathers, we assigned turkeys to three experimental groups: we maintained six turkeys free of Coccidial Infection, inoculated four turkeys with a single species of Coccidial oocysts, and inoculated six turkeys with multiple species of Coccidial oocysts. We used reflectance spectrometry to quantify the plumage coloration of wing covert and breast feathers in the breeding plumage of males in each treatment protocol. We found significant treatment-based variation in the iridescent plumage coloration of yearling male turkeys such that infected males showed proportionately less UV reflectance in their wing covert and breast feathers and had duller breast feathers. This is the first experimental evidence that parasites can suppress the expression of structural plumage coloration, and our findings suggest that, in wild turkeys, iridescent coloration could serve as a condition-dependent signal of male health.

  • a condition dependent link between testosterone and disease resistance in the house finch
    Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2001
    Co-Authors: Renee A Duckworth, Mary T Mendonca, Geoffrey E. Hill
    Abstract:

    Testosterone has recently been proposed as a link between male quality and health and the expression of sexual traits. We investigated the relationship between testosterone and measures of the individual condition and health of males in a natural population of house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus). We also conducted a captive experiment in order to test for the effects of testosterone on resistance to coccidia, which is a common parasite of house finches. Free-living males in better condition had higher testosterone levels and lower corticosterone levels than free-living males in poor condition. In our captive experiment, increased testosterone accelerated the rate of Coccidial Infection as compared with sham-implanted or gonadectomized males. Although the differences were not significant, free-living males infected with coccidia had lower levels of testosterone and higher levels of corticosterone than males that were not infected. Thus, experimentally elevating testosterone levels in captive males resulted in a higher percentage of infected males, while free-living males with Coccidial Infection had low testosterone levels. This apparent discrepancy between captive and free-living males in the association of testosterone and disease may be explained by the condition dependence of testosterone. These results suggest that the testosterone-dependent sexual traits reliably indicate male overall condition and health and, thus, females could benefit from assessing potential mates based on these traits.

  • melanin based plumage coloration in the house finch is unaffected by Coccidial Infection
    Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 1998
    Co-Authors: Geoffrey E. Hill, William R Brawner
    Abstract:

    For most species of birds, ornamental plumage coloration may result from two types of pigments: carotenoids and melanins. Despite the fact that melanin pigments can be synthesized by birds from basic, amino acid precursors, while carotenoids cannot be synthesized by birds and must be ingested, melanin-based plumage coloration and carotenoid-based plumage coloration have often been treated as a single trait in investigations of the function and evolution of plumage coloration. Expression of carotenoid-based coloration is known to be dependent on condition, while the effects of individual condition have not been well-tested for expression of melanin-based coloration. In this study, we experimentally tested the effect of Coccidial Infection of the intestinal tract of male house finches during moult on expression of melanin-based plumage coloration. Coccidial Infection had a significant negative effect on carotenoid-based coloration, but it had no significant effect on melanin-based feather coloration. Unlike carotenoid-based coloration, melanin-based coloration may be cheap to produce, and honesty of melanin-based coloration my require social mediation.

Toshihiro Tokiwa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Morphological and molecular characterization of Cystoisospora sp. from Asian small-clawed otters Aonyx cinereus.
    International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife, 2018
    Co-Authors: Toshihiro Tokiwa, Ai Ohnuki, Rie Kubota, Kenichi Tamukai, Kazunori Ike
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this study, we provide the first description of Cystoisospora Infection in Asian small-clawed otters ( Aonyx cinereus ). In July 2017, three juvenile otters recently imported from the Republic of Indonesia showed severe diarrhea and were diagnosed with Coccidial Infection; two of them eventually died. Fecal examination revealed the presence of numerous oocysts. Sporulated oocysts showed typical Cystoisospora features, measuring 24.6 ± 1.6 (22.0–27.0) × 21.8 ± 1.4 (19.0–25.0) μm, with an oocyst length/width ratio of 1.1 ± 0.1 (1.0–1.3). Each sporocyst contained four sporozoites in a head-to-tail arrangement. The Stieda body was absent, and the sporocyst residuum was present. These morphological characteristics differentiated this species from the other valid Cystoisospora species described from mustelids. Molecular analysis was conducted at two loci: the nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes. The 18S sequence showed high similarity with canine Cystoisispora ohioensis (1-bp difference, 1422/1423 [99.9%]). At the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene locus, the sequence from otters was identical to that of feline Cystoisospora rivolta (847/847 [100%]). Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated data demonstrated that Cystoisospora sp. from otters and C. rivolta grouped together in the same Cystoisospora clade. Based on these data, we concluded that Cystoisospora sp. detected from otters appeared to be highly similar to C. rivolta.

  • Morphological and molecular characterization of Cystoisospora sp. from Asian small-clawed otters Aonyx cinereus
    Elsevier, 2018
    Co-Authors: Toshihiro Tokiwa, Ai Ohnuki, Rie Kubota, Kenichi Tamukai, Kazunori Ike
    Abstract:

    In this study, we provide the first description of Cystoisospora Infection in Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinereus). In July 2017, three juvenile otters recently imported from the Republic of Indonesia showed severe diarrhea and were diagnosed with Coccidial Infection; two of them eventually died. Fecal examination revealed the presence of numerous oocysts. Sporulated oocysts showed typical Cystoisospora features, measuring 24.6 ± 1.6 (22.0–27.0) × 21.8 ± 1.4 (19.0–25.0) μm, with an oocyst length/width ratio of 1.1 ± 0.1 (1.0–1.3). Each sporocyst contained four sporozoites in a head-to-tail arrangement. The Stieda body was absent, and the sporocyst residuum was present. These morphological characteristics differentiated this species from the other valid Cystoisospora species described from mustelids. Molecular analysis was conducted at two loci: the nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes. The 18S sequence showed high similarity with canine Cystoisispora ohioensis (1-bp difference, 1422/1423 [99.9%]). At the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene locus, the sequence from otters was identical to that of feline Cystoisospora rivolta (847/847 [100%]). Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated data demonstrated that Cystoisospora sp. from otters and C. rivolta grouped together in the same Cystoisospora clade. Based on these data, we concluded that Cystoisospora sp. detected from otters appeared to be highly similar to C. rivolta. Keywords: Cystoisospora, Isospora, Otter, Phylogenetic analysis, Coccidianl infectio

Ai Ohnuki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Morphological and molecular characterization of Cystoisospora sp. from Asian small-clawed otters Aonyx cinereus.
    International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife, 2018
    Co-Authors: Toshihiro Tokiwa, Ai Ohnuki, Rie Kubota, Kenichi Tamukai, Kazunori Ike
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this study, we provide the first description of Cystoisospora Infection in Asian small-clawed otters ( Aonyx cinereus ). In July 2017, three juvenile otters recently imported from the Republic of Indonesia showed severe diarrhea and were diagnosed with Coccidial Infection; two of them eventually died. Fecal examination revealed the presence of numerous oocysts. Sporulated oocysts showed typical Cystoisospora features, measuring 24.6 ± 1.6 (22.0–27.0) × 21.8 ± 1.4 (19.0–25.0) μm, with an oocyst length/width ratio of 1.1 ± 0.1 (1.0–1.3). Each sporocyst contained four sporozoites in a head-to-tail arrangement. The Stieda body was absent, and the sporocyst residuum was present. These morphological characteristics differentiated this species from the other valid Cystoisospora species described from mustelids. Molecular analysis was conducted at two loci: the nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes. The 18S sequence showed high similarity with canine Cystoisispora ohioensis (1-bp difference, 1422/1423 [99.9%]). At the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene locus, the sequence from otters was identical to that of feline Cystoisospora rivolta (847/847 [100%]). Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated data demonstrated that Cystoisospora sp. from otters and C. rivolta grouped together in the same Cystoisospora clade. Based on these data, we concluded that Cystoisospora sp. detected from otters appeared to be highly similar to C. rivolta.

  • Morphological and molecular characterization of Cystoisospora sp. from Asian small-clawed otters Aonyx cinereus
    Elsevier, 2018
    Co-Authors: Toshihiro Tokiwa, Ai Ohnuki, Rie Kubota, Kenichi Tamukai, Kazunori Ike
    Abstract:

    In this study, we provide the first description of Cystoisospora Infection in Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinereus). In July 2017, three juvenile otters recently imported from the Republic of Indonesia showed severe diarrhea and were diagnosed with Coccidial Infection; two of them eventually died. Fecal examination revealed the presence of numerous oocysts. Sporulated oocysts showed typical Cystoisospora features, measuring 24.6 ± 1.6 (22.0–27.0) × 21.8 ± 1.4 (19.0–25.0) μm, with an oocyst length/width ratio of 1.1 ± 0.1 (1.0–1.3). Each sporocyst contained four sporozoites in a head-to-tail arrangement. The Stieda body was absent, and the sporocyst residuum was present. These morphological characteristics differentiated this species from the other valid Cystoisospora species described from mustelids. Molecular analysis was conducted at two loci: the nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes. The 18S sequence showed high similarity with canine Cystoisispora ohioensis (1-bp difference, 1422/1423 [99.9%]). At the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene locus, the sequence from otters was identical to that of feline Cystoisospora rivolta (847/847 [100%]). Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated data demonstrated that Cystoisospora sp. from otters and C. rivolta grouped together in the same Cystoisospora clade. Based on these data, we concluded that Cystoisospora sp. detected from otters appeared to be highly similar to C. rivolta. Keywords: Cystoisospora, Isospora, Otter, Phylogenetic analysis, Coccidianl infectio

Rie Kubota - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Morphological and molecular characterization of Cystoisospora sp. from Asian small-clawed otters Aonyx cinereus.
    International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife, 2018
    Co-Authors: Toshihiro Tokiwa, Ai Ohnuki, Rie Kubota, Kenichi Tamukai, Kazunori Ike
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this study, we provide the first description of Cystoisospora Infection in Asian small-clawed otters ( Aonyx cinereus ). In July 2017, three juvenile otters recently imported from the Republic of Indonesia showed severe diarrhea and were diagnosed with Coccidial Infection; two of them eventually died. Fecal examination revealed the presence of numerous oocysts. Sporulated oocysts showed typical Cystoisospora features, measuring 24.6 ± 1.6 (22.0–27.0) × 21.8 ± 1.4 (19.0–25.0) μm, with an oocyst length/width ratio of 1.1 ± 0.1 (1.0–1.3). Each sporocyst contained four sporozoites in a head-to-tail arrangement. The Stieda body was absent, and the sporocyst residuum was present. These morphological characteristics differentiated this species from the other valid Cystoisospora species described from mustelids. Molecular analysis was conducted at two loci: the nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes. The 18S sequence showed high similarity with canine Cystoisispora ohioensis (1-bp difference, 1422/1423 [99.9%]). At the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene locus, the sequence from otters was identical to that of feline Cystoisospora rivolta (847/847 [100%]). Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated data demonstrated that Cystoisospora sp. from otters and C. rivolta grouped together in the same Cystoisospora clade. Based on these data, we concluded that Cystoisospora sp. detected from otters appeared to be highly similar to C. rivolta.

  • Morphological and molecular characterization of Cystoisospora sp. from Asian small-clawed otters Aonyx cinereus
    Elsevier, 2018
    Co-Authors: Toshihiro Tokiwa, Ai Ohnuki, Rie Kubota, Kenichi Tamukai, Kazunori Ike
    Abstract:

    In this study, we provide the first description of Cystoisospora Infection in Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinereus). In July 2017, three juvenile otters recently imported from the Republic of Indonesia showed severe diarrhea and were diagnosed with Coccidial Infection; two of them eventually died. Fecal examination revealed the presence of numerous oocysts. Sporulated oocysts showed typical Cystoisospora features, measuring 24.6 ± 1.6 (22.0–27.0) × 21.8 ± 1.4 (19.0–25.0) μm, with an oocyst length/width ratio of 1.1 ± 0.1 (1.0–1.3). Each sporocyst contained four sporozoites in a head-to-tail arrangement. The Stieda body was absent, and the sporocyst residuum was present. These morphological characteristics differentiated this species from the other valid Cystoisospora species described from mustelids. Molecular analysis was conducted at two loci: the nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes. The 18S sequence showed high similarity with canine Cystoisispora ohioensis (1-bp difference, 1422/1423 [99.9%]). At the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene locus, the sequence from otters was identical to that of feline Cystoisospora rivolta (847/847 [100%]). Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated data demonstrated that Cystoisospora sp. from otters and C. rivolta grouped together in the same Cystoisospora clade. Based on these data, we concluded that Cystoisospora sp. detected from otters appeared to be highly similar to C. rivolta. Keywords: Cystoisospora, Isospora, Otter, Phylogenetic analysis, Coccidianl infectio