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Brian J. Steffenson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mapping quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to a widely virulent isolate of Cochliobolus sativus in wild barley accession PI 466423
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2016Co-Authors: Matthew Haas, Jon Menke, Shiaoman Chao, Brian J. SteffensonAbstract:Key message This research characterized the genetics of resistance of wild barley accession PI 466423 to a widely virulent pathotype of Cochliobolus sativus . Breeding lines were identified that combine the Midwest Six-rowed Durable Resistance Haplotype and resistance to the virulent isolate ND4008. Abstract Spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus , is a historically important foliar disease of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) in the Upper Midwest region of the USA. However, for the last 50 years this disease has been of little consequence due to the deployment of resistant six-rowed malting cultivars. These durably resistant cultivars carry the Midwest Six-rowed Durable Resistant Haplotype (MSDRH) comprised of three Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) on chromosomes 1H, 3H and 7H, originally contributed by breeding line NDB112. Recent reports of C. sativus isolates (e.g. ND4008) with virulence on NDB112 indicate that widely grown cultivars of the region are vulnerable to spot blotch epidemics. Wild barley ( H. vulgare ssp. s pontaneum ), the progenitor of cultivated barley, is a rich source of novel alleles, especially for disease resistance. Wild barley accession PI 466423 is highly resistant to C. sativus isolate ND4008. To determine the genetic architecture of resistance to isolate ND4008 in PI 466423, we phenotyped and genotyped an advanced backcross population ( N = 244) derived from the wild accession and the recurrent parent ‘Rasmusson’, a Minnesota cultivar with the MSDRH. Disease phenotyping was done on BC_2F_4 seedlings in the greenhouse using isolate ND4008. The Rasmusson/PI 466423 population was genotyped with 7842 single nucleotide polymorphic markers. QTL analysis using composite interval mapping revealed four resistance loci on chromosomes 1H, 2H, 4H and 5H explaining 10.3, 7.4, 6.4 and 8.4 % of the variance, respectively. Resistance alleles on chromosomes 1H, 4H and 5H were contributed by PI 466423, whereas the one on chromosome 2H was contributed by Rasmusson. All four resistance QTL are likely coincident with previously identified QTL. Agronomically advanced two- and six-rowed lines combining the MSDRH and resistance alleles to isolate ND4008 have been identified and are being utilized in breeding. These results reaffirm the value of using wild relatives as a source of novel resistance alleles.
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mapping quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to a widely virulent isolate of Cochliobolus sativus in wild barley accession pi 466423
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2016Co-Authors: Matthew Haas, Jon Menke, Shiaoman Chao, Brian J. SteffensonAbstract:Key message This research characterized the genetics of resistance of wild barley accession PI 466423 to a widely virulent pathotype of Cochliobolus sativus . Breeding lines were identified that combine the Midwest Six-rowed Durable Resistance Haplotype and resistance to the virulent isolate ND4008.
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Molecular karyotyping and chromosome length polymorphism in Cochliobolus sativus
Mycological Research, 2007Co-Authors: Shaobin Zhong, Brian J. SteffensonAbstract:Fungi are known to have variable genomes that can generate new virulence types capable of attacking important crop plants. To assess chromosome length polymorphisms in the barley spot blotch pathogen (Cochliobolus sativus), we analyzed the karyotypes of 16 isolates using contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) electrophoresis. The collection of isolates studied were from diverse regions of the world (USA, Canada, Japan, Brazil, Uruguay, and Poland) and included representatives comprising the three known C. sativus pathotypes of 0, 1, and 2. Under two different running conditions, the number of CHEF bands observed ranged from 8 to 13 with a size range of 0.85 to 3.80 mega-bases (Mb). Each of the 16 isolates showed a unique banding pattern, except for two North Dakota isolates ND90Pr and ND91-Bowman, which were very similar. Single-copy DNA probes, previously assigned to each of the 15 chromosomes identified in reference isolate ND93-1, were hybridized to Southern blots of CHEF-separated chromosomes and revealed highly polymorphic chromosomes among isolates. Chromosomal rearrangements (translocations, deletions, duplications) were found in several isolates. DNA markers previously found linked to VHv1, a gene in pathotype 2 isolates conferring virulence on barley cultivar Bowman, also were used as probes in hybridizations with the CHEF blots. The results showed that the chromosome carrying the virulence gene in pathotype 2 isolates is larger than its counterpart without the gene in other isolates. This suggests that the genomic region carrying the virulence locus VHv1 is unique to pathotype 2 isolates. This study provides useful information on genome structure and divergence, which is essential for advancing our understanding of the genetics and biology of C. sativus.
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A molecular genetic map and electrophoretic karyotype of the plant pathogenic fungus Cochliobolus sativus.
Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions, 2002Co-Authors: Shaobin Zhong, Brian J. Steffenson, J. Patrick Martinez, Lynda M. CiuffettiAbstract:A molecular genetic map was constructed and an electrophoretic karyotype was resolved for Cochliobolus sativus, the causal agent of spot blotch of barley and wheat. The genetic map consists of 27 linkage groups with 97 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, 31 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers, two polymerase chain reaction amplified markers, the mating type locus (CsMAT), and a gene (VHv1) conditioning high virulence on barley cv. Bowman. These linkage groups covered a map distance of 849 cM. The virulence gene VHv1 cosegregated with six AFLP markers and was mapped on one of the major linkage groups. Fifteen chromosome-sized DNAs were resolved in C. sativus isolates ND93-1 and ND90Pr with contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) electrophoresis combined with telo-mere probe analysis of comigrating chromosome-sized DNAs. The chromosome sizes ranged from 1.25 to 3.80 Mbp, and the genome size of the fungus was estimated to be approximately 33 Mbp. By hybridizin...
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Virulence and Molecular Diversity in Cochliobolus sativus.
Phytopathology, 2001Co-Authors: Shaobin Zhong, Brian J. SteffensonAbstract:ABSTRACT Spot blotch, caused by the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus sativus, is an important disease of barley in many production areas of the world. To assess genetic diversity in this pathogen, a worldwide collection of C. sativus isolates was evaluated for virulence on barley and DNA polymorphism. Three pathotypes (0, 1, and 2) were identified among the 22 isolates tested in this study and the 36 isolates characterized previously on three barley differentials (ND5883, Bowman, and NDB112) that differ in their resistance to C. sativus. Pathotype 2, which exhibits high virulence on cv. Bowman, was only found in North Dakota, whereas the other two pathotypes occurred in many other regions of the world. Genetic diversity of the 58 C. sativus isolates, together with isolates of three related pathogenic Cochliobolus spp. (C. heterostrophus, C. carbonum, and C. victoriae) was analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A total of 577 polymorphic AFLP markers were recorded among the 70 is...
M. I. E. Arabi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rhizobacteria-mediated Induced Resistance in Barley against Cochliobolus sativus under Field Conditions
Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 2019Co-Authors: A. Adam, M. I. E. Arabi, I. Edris, E. Al-shehadahAbstract:The effect of four rhizobacterial strains on the severity of spot blotch disease caused by Cochliobolus sativus was evaluated for two growing seasons under rainfed conditions. Three barley genotype...
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Salicylic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation in Relation to Hydrolyte Leakage in Barley Plants Challenged with Cochliobolus sativus
Cereal Research Communications, 2018Co-Authors: A. Al-daoude, Mohammed Jawhar, E. Al-shehadah, A Shoaib, M. I. E. ArabiAbstract:Spot blotch (SB) caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Cochliobolus sativus is a destructive disease of barley worldwide. To better understand the mechanisms of resistance to this disease, the involvements of salicylic acid (SA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and ion fluxes during the interaction between resistant and susceptible barley seedlings and C. sativus were investigated. Early SA accumulation in leaf tissues was accompanied with an increase in H₂O₂ concentration in both compatible and incompatible interactions. The resistant cultivar constitutively contained higher levels of H₂O₂ and SA, as well as during the 72 h as compared with the un-infected control (0 h). However, levels increased rapidly upon infection in both cultivars. Moreover, a markedly greater increase in ion fluxes from the compatible material compared with the incompatible one was observed. Results suggest that SA and H₂O₂ accumulation are important during both compatible and incompatible barley- C. sativus interactions.
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OPTIMIZING ECOTILLING TECHNIQUE FOR TRACKING FIELD Cochliobolus sativus POPULATION
Journal of Plant Pathology, 2017Co-Authors: Mohammed Jawhar, M. I. E. Arabi, Yasser Bakri, A. Albaterni, A. Skiheita, N. MiraliAbstract:Accurate and robust detection and quantification of fungi is essential for diagnosis, modeling and surveillance. Also, direct detection of fungi enables a deeper understanding of natural microbial communities, particularly as a great number of fungi are difficult or impossible to cultivate. Yet, many methods are not suitable for developing countries with varying levels of laboratory infrastructure. Optimized low cost method for screening Cochliobolus sativus, the causal agent of barley spot disease, was established using self-extracted nuclease and agarose gel electrophoresis. Gene-specific primers were designed from the whole fungal genome for use in the Ecotilling assays on 50 isolates collected over the past 20 years throughout the Syrian territory, representing distinct virulence profiles. Gene-specific primer pairs were used to optimize enzymatic mismatch cleavage and polymorphism discovery in three GlutSynth, Carp1 andXYL2 genes.Thirty-seven putative nucleotide polymorphisms were identified. The protocol is rapid, inexpensive and can robustly distinguish pathotypes in haploid species, such as fungi without high informatics load of DNA sequencing. In principle, this strategy can be widely applied to monitor the epidemics of a variety of plant pathogens.
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changes in transcript and protein expression levels in the barley Cochliobolus sativus interaction
Cereal Research Communications, 2017Co-Authors: M Jawhar, M. I. E. Arabi, A Shoaib, A AldaoudeAbstract:Spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus, is an important barley disease which causes extensive grain yield losses worldwide. In order to investigate the molecular responses to the C. sativus infection, leaf transcriptome and proteome before and after fungus inoculation in a resistant barley genotype, were compared using cDNA-AFLP and 2-D PAGE techniques. A notable number of transcripts and proteins exhibiting significant differential accumulations were detected compared to the non-inoculated controls. Functional annotation of the transcripts and proteins revealed a wide range of pathways including cell wall fortification, metabolism, signal transduction and defence. Spearman correlations of the relative abundances for those genes represented by both an mRNA and a protein showed a weak (rs = 0.4; P < 0.001) relationship, indicating that post-transcriptional processes play a critical role in regulating the protein level during infection. Taken together, our study suggested that a joint analysis of the transcriptomic and proteomic of barley data can provide useful insights that may not be deciphered from individual analysis of mRNA or protein expressions.
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Changes in transcript and protein expression levels in the barley — Cochliobolus sativus interaction
Cereal Research Communications, 2017Co-Authors: Mohammed Jawhar, M. I. E. Arabi, A Shoaib, A. Al-daoudeAbstract:Spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus, is an important barley disease which causes extensive grain yield losses worldwide. In order to investigate the molecular responses to the C. sativus infection, leaf transcriptome and proteome before and after fungus inoculation in a resistant barley genotype, were compared using cDNA-AFLP and 2-D PAGE techniques. A notable number of transcripts and proteins exhibiting significant differential accumulations were detected compared to the non-inoculated controls. Functional annotation of the transcripts and proteins revealed a wide range of pathways including cell wall fortification, metabolism, signal transduction and defence. Spearman correlations of the relative abundances for those genes represented by both an mRNA and a protein showed a weak (rs = 0.4; P < 0.001) relationship, indicating that post-transcriptional processes play a critical role in regulating the protein level during infection. Taken together, our study suggested that a joint analysis of the transcriptomic and proteomic of barley data can provide useful insights that may not be deciphered from individual analysis of mRNA or protein expressions.
Mohammed Jawhar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Transcriptional Changes of Salicylic Acid Dependent Signaling Pathways in Barley-Cochliobolus sativus Interaction
Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology, 2019Co-Authors: A. Al-daoude, E. Al-shehadah, Mohammed Jawhar, A Shoaib, Arabi MieAbstract:Spot blotch (SB), caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Cochliobolus sativus, is an important disease of barley globally. Following transcriptional changes of salicylic acid (SA)-interacting/binding proteins during C. sativus infection may greatly advance understanding the defense crucial signaling pathways. In this study, changes of four known categories of defense; phosphorylation, ROS, PR proteins and nucleotide-binding sites encoded by genes involved in SA–mediated defense signaling networks were studied in compatible/incompatible barley-SB interactions. The functional categories showed significant differential accumulations when compared to the noninoculated controls, and they were primarily upregulated during fungal infection in the resistant cultivar compared with the susceptible one. However, SA profiling of resistant and susceptible cultivars indicated a reduction in its levels 72 hours post inoculation; therefore, we hypothesized that this signaling pathways may facilitate SB resistance. Furthermore, the expression of selected categories was induced earlier in resistant barley plants as in susceptible ones, supporting the hypothesis that a delayed defense response may occur in the C. sativus susceptible interaction.
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Salicylic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation in Relation to Hydrolyte Leakage in Barley Plants Challenged with Cochliobolus sativus
Cereal Research Communications, 2018Co-Authors: A. Al-daoude, Mohammed Jawhar, E. Al-shehadah, A Shoaib, M. I. E. ArabiAbstract:Spot blotch (SB) caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Cochliobolus sativus is a destructive disease of barley worldwide. To better understand the mechanisms of resistance to this disease, the involvements of salicylic acid (SA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and ion fluxes during the interaction between resistant and susceptible barley seedlings and C. sativus were investigated. Early SA accumulation in leaf tissues was accompanied with an increase in H₂O₂ concentration in both compatible and incompatible interactions. The resistant cultivar constitutively contained higher levels of H₂O₂ and SA, as well as during the 72 h as compared with the un-infected control (0 h). However, levels increased rapidly upon infection in both cultivars. Moreover, a markedly greater increase in ion fluxes from the compatible material compared with the incompatible one was observed. Results suggest that SA and H₂O₂ accumulation are important during both compatible and incompatible barley- C. sativus interactions.
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Efficient Discovery of Single-Nucleotide Variations in Cochliobolus sativus Vegetative Compatibility Groups by Ecotilling
Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology, 2018Co-Authors: Mohammed Jawhar, Arabi Mie, N. MiraliAbstract:Cochliobolus sativus, the causal agent of barley spot blotch disease, is able to undergo spontaneous, vegetative cell fusion. In this study, the utility of enzymatic mismatch cleavage for discovery of single-nucleotide variations in Syrian Vegetative Compatibility Groups (VCGs) obtained from pairing complementary nit mutants of C. sativus isolates was investigated for the first time. Gene-specific primers were designed from the whole fungal genome for use in the Ecotilling assays on VCGs isolates. Differences of band patterns among the digested products of different isolates were clearly observed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Interestingly, isolates belonging to the same VCG had some different sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Twenty-six putative nucleotide polymorphisms were identified among the C. sativus VCGs. Therefore, the results suggested that this marker type may be informative for confirmation the conventionally determined VCGs by increasing the reliability of heterokaryons group classification.
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OPTIMIZING ECOTILLING TECHNIQUE FOR TRACKING FIELD Cochliobolus sativus POPULATION
Journal of Plant Pathology, 2017Co-Authors: Mohammed Jawhar, M. I. E. Arabi, Yasser Bakri, A. Albaterni, A. Skiheita, N. MiraliAbstract:Accurate and robust detection and quantification of fungi is essential for diagnosis, modeling and surveillance. Also, direct detection of fungi enables a deeper understanding of natural microbial communities, particularly as a great number of fungi are difficult or impossible to cultivate. Yet, many methods are not suitable for developing countries with varying levels of laboratory infrastructure. Optimized low cost method for screening Cochliobolus sativus, the causal agent of barley spot disease, was established using self-extracted nuclease and agarose gel electrophoresis. Gene-specific primers were designed from the whole fungal genome for use in the Ecotilling assays on 50 isolates collected over the past 20 years throughout the Syrian territory, representing distinct virulence profiles. Gene-specific primer pairs were used to optimize enzymatic mismatch cleavage and polymorphism discovery in three GlutSynth, Carp1 andXYL2 genes.Thirty-seven putative nucleotide polymorphisms were identified. The protocol is rapid, inexpensive and can robustly distinguish pathotypes in haploid species, such as fungi without high informatics load of DNA sequencing. In principle, this strategy can be widely applied to monitor the epidemics of a variety of plant pathogens.
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Changes in transcript and protein expression levels in the barley — Cochliobolus sativus interaction
Cereal Research Communications, 2017Co-Authors: Mohammed Jawhar, M. I. E. Arabi, A Shoaib, A. Al-daoudeAbstract:Spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus, is an important barley disease which causes extensive grain yield losses worldwide. In order to investigate the molecular responses to the C. sativus infection, leaf transcriptome and proteome before and after fungus inoculation in a resistant barley genotype, were compared using cDNA-AFLP and 2-D PAGE techniques. A notable number of transcripts and proteins exhibiting significant differential accumulations were detected compared to the non-inoculated controls. Functional annotation of the transcripts and proteins revealed a wide range of pathways including cell wall fortification, metabolism, signal transduction and defence. Spearman correlations of the relative abundances for those genes represented by both an mRNA and a protein showed a weak (rs = 0.4; P < 0.001) relationship, indicating that post-transcriptional processes play a critical role in regulating the protein level during infection. Taken together, our study suggested that a joint analysis of the transcriptomic and proteomic of barley data can provide useful insights that may not be deciphered from individual analysis of mRNA or protein expressions.
Matthew Haas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mapping quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to a widely virulent isolate of Cochliobolus sativus in wild barley accession PI 466423
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2016Co-Authors: Matthew Haas, Jon Menke, Shiaoman Chao, Brian J. SteffensonAbstract:Key message This research characterized the genetics of resistance of wild barley accession PI 466423 to a widely virulent pathotype of Cochliobolus sativus . Breeding lines were identified that combine the Midwest Six-rowed Durable Resistance Haplotype and resistance to the virulent isolate ND4008. Abstract Spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus , is a historically important foliar disease of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) in the Upper Midwest region of the USA. However, for the last 50 years this disease has been of little consequence due to the deployment of resistant six-rowed malting cultivars. These durably resistant cultivars carry the Midwest Six-rowed Durable Resistant Haplotype (MSDRH) comprised of three Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) on chromosomes 1H, 3H and 7H, originally contributed by breeding line NDB112. Recent reports of C. sativus isolates (e.g. ND4008) with virulence on NDB112 indicate that widely grown cultivars of the region are vulnerable to spot blotch epidemics. Wild barley ( H. vulgare ssp. s pontaneum ), the progenitor of cultivated barley, is a rich source of novel alleles, especially for disease resistance. Wild barley accession PI 466423 is highly resistant to C. sativus isolate ND4008. To determine the genetic architecture of resistance to isolate ND4008 in PI 466423, we phenotyped and genotyped an advanced backcross population ( N = 244) derived from the wild accession and the recurrent parent ‘Rasmusson’, a Minnesota cultivar with the MSDRH. Disease phenotyping was done on BC_2F_4 seedlings in the greenhouse using isolate ND4008. The Rasmusson/PI 466423 population was genotyped with 7842 single nucleotide polymorphic markers. QTL analysis using composite interval mapping revealed four resistance loci on chromosomes 1H, 2H, 4H and 5H explaining 10.3, 7.4, 6.4 and 8.4 % of the variance, respectively. Resistance alleles on chromosomes 1H, 4H and 5H were contributed by PI 466423, whereas the one on chromosome 2H was contributed by Rasmusson. All four resistance QTL are likely coincident with previously identified QTL. Agronomically advanced two- and six-rowed lines combining the MSDRH and resistance alleles to isolate ND4008 have been identified and are being utilized in breeding. These results reaffirm the value of using wild relatives as a source of novel resistance alleles.
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mapping quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to a widely virulent isolate of Cochliobolus sativus in wild barley accession pi 466423
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2016Co-Authors: Matthew Haas, Jon Menke, Shiaoman Chao, Brian J. SteffensonAbstract:Key message This research characterized the genetics of resistance of wild barley accession PI 466423 to a widely virulent pathotype of Cochliobolus sativus . Breeding lines were identified that combine the Midwest Six-rowed Durable Resistance Haplotype and resistance to the virulent isolate ND4008.
Shiaoman Chao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mapping quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to a widely virulent isolate of Cochliobolus sativus in wild barley accession PI 466423
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2016Co-Authors: Matthew Haas, Jon Menke, Shiaoman Chao, Brian J. SteffensonAbstract:Key message This research characterized the genetics of resistance of wild barley accession PI 466423 to a widely virulent pathotype of Cochliobolus sativus . Breeding lines were identified that combine the Midwest Six-rowed Durable Resistance Haplotype and resistance to the virulent isolate ND4008. Abstract Spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus , is a historically important foliar disease of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) in the Upper Midwest region of the USA. However, for the last 50 years this disease has been of little consequence due to the deployment of resistant six-rowed malting cultivars. These durably resistant cultivars carry the Midwest Six-rowed Durable Resistant Haplotype (MSDRH) comprised of three Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) on chromosomes 1H, 3H and 7H, originally contributed by breeding line NDB112. Recent reports of C. sativus isolates (e.g. ND4008) with virulence on NDB112 indicate that widely grown cultivars of the region are vulnerable to spot blotch epidemics. Wild barley ( H. vulgare ssp. s pontaneum ), the progenitor of cultivated barley, is a rich source of novel alleles, especially for disease resistance. Wild barley accession PI 466423 is highly resistant to C. sativus isolate ND4008. To determine the genetic architecture of resistance to isolate ND4008 in PI 466423, we phenotyped and genotyped an advanced backcross population ( N = 244) derived from the wild accession and the recurrent parent ‘Rasmusson’, a Minnesota cultivar with the MSDRH. Disease phenotyping was done on BC_2F_4 seedlings in the greenhouse using isolate ND4008. The Rasmusson/PI 466423 population was genotyped with 7842 single nucleotide polymorphic markers. QTL analysis using composite interval mapping revealed four resistance loci on chromosomes 1H, 2H, 4H and 5H explaining 10.3, 7.4, 6.4 and 8.4 % of the variance, respectively. Resistance alleles on chromosomes 1H, 4H and 5H were contributed by PI 466423, whereas the one on chromosome 2H was contributed by Rasmusson. All four resistance QTL are likely coincident with previously identified QTL. Agronomically advanced two- and six-rowed lines combining the MSDRH and resistance alleles to isolate ND4008 have been identified and are being utilized in breeding. These results reaffirm the value of using wild relatives as a source of novel resistance alleles.
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mapping quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to a widely virulent isolate of Cochliobolus sativus in wild barley accession pi 466423
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2016Co-Authors: Matthew Haas, Jon Menke, Shiaoman Chao, Brian J. SteffensonAbstract:Key message This research characterized the genetics of resistance of wild barley accession PI 466423 to a widely virulent pathotype of Cochliobolus sativus . Breeding lines were identified that combine the Midwest Six-rowed Durable Resistance Haplotype and resistance to the virulent isolate ND4008.