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Gloria Solano-aguilar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Effect of Feeding Cocoa Powder and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on the Composition and Function of Pig Intestinal Microbiome.
Current developments in nutrition, 2018Co-Authors: Gloria Solano-aguilar, Aleksey Molokin, Sukla Lakshman, Saebyeol Jang, Ethiopia Beshah, Yue Xie, Masoumeh Sikaroodi, R. Gupta, Bryan T. Vinyard, Joseph F. UrbanAbstract:Background Dietary habits have been linked with variability of gut microbiota composition and disease risk. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding a Cocoa Powder with or without a probiotic on the composition and function of the fecal microbiome of pigs. Methods Four groups of 8 pigs each were fed a standard growth diet supplemented with Cocoa Powder, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG), Cocoa Powder + LGG, or an equal amount of fiber similar to that found in Cocoa Powder (control group). Fecal samples were collected prior to and 4 wk after initiation of the dietary intervention. Microbiota composition was determined after amplification of the first 2 variable regions of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Predictions of metagenomic function were calculated using 16S rDNA sequence data through Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt). Results After 4 wk of treatment, bacterial abundance analysis demonstrated a prebiotic effect of Cocoa Powder on endogenous Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae and increased abundance of saccharolytic butyrate-producing bacteria like Roseburia. An increased bacterial evenness, Shannon diversity index, and diverse metabolic profile were detected in microbiomes of pigs fed the Cocoa Powder + LGG (P
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Flavanol-Enriched Cocoa Powder Alters the Intestinal Microbiota, Tissue and Fluid Metabolite Profiles, and Intestinal Gene Expression in Pigs
The Journal of nutrition, 2015Co-Authors: Saebyeol Jang, Aleksey Molokin, Sukla Lakshman, James M. Harnly, Cindy D. Davis, Joseph F. Urban, Pei Chen, Bryan T. Vinyard, Jianghao Sun, Gloria Solano-aguilarAbstract:Background: Consumption of Cocoa-derived polyphenols has been associated with several health benefits; however, their effects on the intestinal microbiome and related features of host intestinal health are not adequately understood. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of eating flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder on the composition of the gut microbiota, tissue metabolite profiles, and intestinal immune status. Methods: Male pigs (5 mo old, 28 kg mean body weight) were supplemented with 0, 2.5, 10, or 20 g flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder/d for 27 d. Metabolites in serum, urine, the proximal colon contents, liver, and adipose tissue; bacterial abundance in the intestinal contents and feces; and intestinal tissue gene expression of inflammatory markers and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were then determined. Results: O-methyl-epicatechin-glucuronide conjugates dose-dependently increased (P < 0.01) in the urine (35- to 204-fold), serum (6- to 186-fold), and adipose tissue (34- to 1144-fold) of pigs fed Cocoa Powder. The concentration of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid isomers in urine decreased as the dose of Cocoa Powder fed to pigs increased (75–85%, P < 0.05). Compared with the unsupplemented pigs, the abundance of Lactobacillus species was greater in the feces (7-fold, P = 0.005) and that of Bifidobacterium species was greater in the proximal colon contents (9-fold, P = 0.01) in pigs fed only 20 or 10 g Cocoa Powder/d, respectively. Moreover, consumption of Cocoa Powder reduced TLR9 gene expression in ileal Peyer’s patches (67–80%, P < 0.05) and mesenteric lymph nodes (43–71%, P < 0.05) of pigs fed 2.5–20 g Cocoa Powder/d compared with pigs not supplemented with Cocoa Powder. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that consumption of Cocoa Powder by pigs can contribute to gut health by enhancing the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species and modulating markers of localized intestinal immunity.
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Profiling Cocoa-derived flavanols and their metabolites in serum, urine, liver, and intestinal contents of pigs fed flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder (LB420)
The FASEB Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Saebyeol Jang, Aleksey Molokin, Sukla Lakshman, James M. Harnly, Cindy D. Davis, Joseph F. Urban, Pei Chen, Gloria Solano-aguilarAbstract:The polyphenol content of Cocoa is high and consumption is associated with benefits to human health. To determine the metabolites of Cocoa derived flavanols after consumption, five months old conventional crossbred pigs were fed 5, 10, and 20 g of flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder per day for 26 days. The total flavanol content in the Cocoa Powder was 20.5 mg/g and the major flavanols detected were epicatechin, (+) catechin, and procyanidin C1. Serum, urine, liver tissue, and proximal colon contents were collected 14 hour after the final consumption of Cocoa Powder. Metabolite analysis was conducted using High-performance liquid chromatography tandem with accurate mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRM) on a Q-Exactive high resolution mass spectrometer. Epicatechin or catechin-glucuronide conjugates were the major metabolites found in the serum, urine, and liver. Urine had more diverse metabolites than serum and liver whereas proximal colon contents had fewer metabolites. The concentration of total epicatechin-glucroni...
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Profiling Cocoa-derived flavanols and their metabolites in serum, urine, liver, and intestinal contents of pigs fed flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder (LB420)
The FASEB Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Saebyeol Jang, Aleksey Molokin, Sukla Lakshman, James M. Harnly, Cindy D. Davis, Joseph F. Urban, Pei Chen, Gloria Solano-aguilarAbstract:The polyphenol content of Cocoa is high and consumption is associated with benefits to human health. To determine the metabolites of Cocoa derived flavanols after consumption, five months old conventional crossbred pigs were fed 5, 10, and 20 g of flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder per day for 26 days. The total flavanol content in the Cocoa Powder was 20.5 mg/g and the major flavanols detected were epicatechin, (+) catechin, and procyanidin C1. Serum, urine, liver tissue, and proximal colon contents were collected 14 hour after the final consumption of Cocoa Powder. Metabolite analysis was conducted using High-performance liquid chromatography tandem with accurate mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRM) on a Q-Exactive high resolution mass spectrometer. Epicatechin or catechin-glucuronide conjugates were the major metabolites found in the serum, urine, and liver. Urine had more diverse metabolites than serum and liver whereas proximal colon contents had fewer metabolites. The concentration of total epicatechin-glucroni...
Saebyeol Jang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of feeding Cocoa Powder and lactobacillus rhamnosus on the composition and function of pig intestinal microbiome
Current developments in nutrition, 2018Co-Authors: Gloria Solanoaguilar, Aleksey Molokin, Sukla Lakshman, Saebyeol Jang, Ethiopia Beshah, Yue Xie, Masoumeh Sikaroodi, R. Gupta, Bryan T. Vinyard, Joseph F. UrbanAbstract:Background Dietary habits have been linked with variability of gut microbiota composition and disease risk. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding a Cocoa Powder with or without a probiotic on the composition and function of the fecal microbiome of pigs. Methods Four groups of 8 pigs each were fed a standard growth diet supplemented with Cocoa Powder, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG), Cocoa Powder + LGG, or an equal amount of fiber similar to that found in Cocoa Powder (control group). Fecal samples were collected prior to and 4 wk after initiation of the dietary intervention. Microbiota composition was determined after amplification of the first 2 variable regions of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Predictions of metagenomic function were calculated using 16S rDNA sequence data through Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt). Results After 4 wk of treatment, bacterial abundance analysis demonstrated a prebiotic effect of Cocoa Powder on endogenous Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae and increased abundance of saccharolytic butyrate-producing bacteria like Roseburia. An increased bacterial evenness, Shannon diversity index, and diverse metabolic profile were detected in microbiomes of pigs fed the Cocoa Powder + LGG (P < 0.05) but not in pigs in the other 3 groups. Conclusion The data generated from this work demonstrated that 4-wk dietary treatment with Cocoa Powder alone or in combination with LGG probiotic had an impact on the composition and function of the fecal microbiota of healthy pigs.
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The Effect of Feeding Cocoa Powder and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on the Composition and Function of Pig Intestinal Microbiome.
Current developments in nutrition, 2018Co-Authors: Gloria Solano-aguilar, Aleksey Molokin, Sukla Lakshman, Saebyeol Jang, Ethiopia Beshah, Yue Xie, Masoumeh Sikaroodi, R. Gupta, Bryan T. Vinyard, Joseph F. UrbanAbstract:Background Dietary habits have been linked with variability of gut microbiota composition and disease risk. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding a Cocoa Powder with or without a probiotic on the composition and function of the fecal microbiome of pigs. Methods Four groups of 8 pigs each were fed a standard growth diet supplemented with Cocoa Powder, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG), Cocoa Powder + LGG, or an equal amount of fiber similar to that found in Cocoa Powder (control group). Fecal samples were collected prior to and 4 wk after initiation of the dietary intervention. Microbiota composition was determined after amplification of the first 2 variable regions of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Predictions of metagenomic function were calculated using 16S rDNA sequence data through Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt). Results After 4 wk of treatment, bacterial abundance analysis demonstrated a prebiotic effect of Cocoa Powder on endogenous Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae and increased abundance of saccharolytic butyrate-producing bacteria like Roseburia. An increased bacterial evenness, Shannon diversity index, and diverse metabolic profile were detected in microbiomes of pigs fed the Cocoa Powder + LGG (P
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Flavanol-Enriched Cocoa Powder Alters the Intestinal Microbiota, Tissue and Fluid Metabolite Profiles, and Intestinal Gene Expression in Pigs
The Journal of nutrition, 2015Co-Authors: Saebyeol Jang, Aleksey Molokin, Sukla Lakshman, James M. Harnly, Cindy D. Davis, Joseph F. Urban, Pei Chen, Bryan T. Vinyard, Jianghao Sun, Gloria Solano-aguilarAbstract:Background: Consumption of Cocoa-derived polyphenols has been associated with several health benefits; however, their effects on the intestinal microbiome and related features of host intestinal health are not adequately understood. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of eating flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder on the composition of the gut microbiota, tissue metabolite profiles, and intestinal immune status. Methods: Male pigs (5 mo old, 28 kg mean body weight) were supplemented with 0, 2.5, 10, or 20 g flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder/d for 27 d. Metabolites in serum, urine, the proximal colon contents, liver, and adipose tissue; bacterial abundance in the intestinal contents and feces; and intestinal tissue gene expression of inflammatory markers and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were then determined. Results: O-methyl-epicatechin-glucuronide conjugates dose-dependently increased (P < 0.01) in the urine (35- to 204-fold), serum (6- to 186-fold), and adipose tissue (34- to 1144-fold) of pigs fed Cocoa Powder. The concentration of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid isomers in urine decreased as the dose of Cocoa Powder fed to pigs increased (75–85%, P < 0.05). Compared with the unsupplemented pigs, the abundance of Lactobacillus species was greater in the feces (7-fold, P = 0.005) and that of Bifidobacterium species was greater in the proximal colon contents (9-fold, P = 0.01) in pigs fed only 20 or 10 g Cocoa Powder/d, respectively. Moreover, consumption of Cocoa Powder reduced TLR9 gene expression in ileal Peyer’s patches (67–80%, P < 0.05) and mesenteric lymph nodes (43–71%, P < 0.05) of pigs fed 2.5–20 g Cocoa Powder/d compared with pigs not supplemented with Cocoa Powder. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that consumption of Cocoa Powder by pigs can contribute to gut health by enhancing the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species and modulating markers of localized intestinal immunity.
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Profiling Cocoa-derived flavanols and their metabolites in serum, urine, liver, and intestinal contents of pigs fed flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder (LB420)
The FASEB Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Saebyeol Jang, Aleksey Molokin, Sukla Lakshman, James M. Harnly, Cindy D. Davis, Joseph F. Urban, Pei Chen, Gloria Solano-aguilarAbstract:The polyphenol content of Cocoa is high and consumption is associated with benefits to human health. To determine the metabolites of Cocoa derived flavanols after consumption, five months old conventional crossbred pigs were fed 5, 10, and 20 g of flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder per day for 26 days. The total flavanol content in the Cocoa Powder was 20.5 mg/g and the major flavanols detected were epicatechin, (+) catechin, and procyanidin C1. Serum, urine, liver tissue, and proximal colon contents were collected 14 hour after the final consumption of Cocoa Powder. Metabolite analysis was conducted using High-performance liquid chromatography tandem with accurate mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRM) on a Q-Exactive high resolution mass spectrometer. Epicatechin or catechin-glucuronide conjugates were the major metabolites found in the serum, urine, and liver. Urine had more diverse metabolites than serum and liver whereas proximal colon contents had fewer metabolites. The concentration of total epicatechin-glucroni...
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Profiling Cocoa-derived flavanols and their metabolites in serum, urine, liver, and intestinal contents of pigs fed flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder (LB420)
The FASEB Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Saebyeol Jang, Aleksey Molokin, Sukla Lakshman, James M. Harnly, Cindy D. Davis, Joseph F. Urban, Pei Chen, Gloria Solano-aguilarAbstract:The polyphenol content of Cocoa is high and consumption is associated with benefits to human health. To determine the metabolites of Cocoa derived flavanols after consumption, five months old conventional crossbred pigs were fed 5, 10, and 20 g of flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder per day for 26 days. The total flavanol content in the Cocoa Powder was 20.5 mg/g and the major flavanols detected were epicatechin, (+) catechin, and procyanidin C1. Serum, urine, liver tissue, and proximal colon contents were collected 14 hour after the final consumption of Cocoa Powder. Metabolite analysis was conducted using High-performance liquid chromatography tandem with accurate mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRM) on a Q-Exactive high resolution mass spectrometer. Epicatechin or catechin-glucuronide conjugates were the major metabolites found in the serum, urine, and liver. Urine had more diverse metabolites than serum and liver whereas proximal colon contents had fewer metabolites. The concentration of total epicatechin-glucroni...
Junji Terao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Absorption and urinary excretion of (-)-epicatechin after administration of different levels of Cocoa Powder or (-)-epicatechin in rats.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2001Co-Authors: Seigo Baba, Naomi Osakabe, Midori Natsume, Yuko Muto, Toshio Takizawa, Junji TeraoAbstract:(−)-Epicatechin is a major polyphenol component of Cocoa Powder. The absorption and urinary excretion of (−)-epicatechin following administration of different levels of either Cocoa Powder (150, 750, and 1500 mg/kg) or (−)-epicatechin (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) were evaluated in rats. Both the sum of plasma (−)-epicatechin metabolites at 1 h postadministration and peak plasma concentrations increased in a dose-dependent fashion. The sum of (−)-epicatechin metabolites in urine, excreted within 18 h postadministration, also increased with dose. Moreover, the sum of (−)-epicatechin metabolites excreted in urine reached the same level in both (−)-epicatechin and Cocoa Powder administration groups for equivalent amounts of (−)-epicatechin. These results suggest that, in the dose range examined in this study, bioavailability of (−)-epicatechin following administration of either (−)-epicatechin or Cocoa Powder shows dose dependence and that the various compounds present in Cocoa Powder have little effect on the bioava...
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Absorption and urinary excretion of (-)-epicatechin after administration of different levels of Cocoa Powder or (-)-epicatechin in rats.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2001Co-Authors: Seigo Baba, Naomi Osakabe, Midori Natsume, Yuko Muto, Toshio Takizawa, Junji TeraoAbstract:(−)-Epicatechin is a major polyphenol component of Cocoa Powder. The absorption and urinary excretion of (−)-epicatechin following administration of different levels of either Cocoa Powder (150, 750, and 1500 mg/kg) or (−)-epicatechin (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) were evaluated in rats. Both the sum of plasma (−)-epicatechin metabolites at 1 h postadministration and peak plasma concentrations increased in a dose-dependent fashion. The sum of (−)-epicatechin metabolites in urine, excreted within 18 h postadministration, also increased with dose. Moreover, the sum of (−)-epicatechin metabolites excreted in urine reached the same level in both (−)-epicatechin and Cocoa Powder administration groups for equivalent amounts of (−)-epicatechin. These results suggest that, in the dose range examined in this study, bioavailability of (−)-epicatechin following administration of either (−)-epicatechin or Cocoa Powder shows dose dependence and that the various compounds present in Cocoa Powder have little effect on the bioava...
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Cocoa Powder enhances the level of antioxidative activity in rat plasma
The British journal of nutrition, 2000Co-Authors: Seigo Baba, Naomi Osakabe, Midori Natsume, Toshio Takizawa, Akiko Yasuda, Tetsuo Nakamura, Junji TeraoAbstract:The aims of the present study were to determine the level of (-)-epicatechin (EC) and its metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of Cocoa Powder and to evaluate the protective effect of Cocoa Powder in terms of suppressing the oxidation of plasma components. Rats were orally administered 1 g Cocoa Powder/kg body weight, containing 7.80 mg EC, and their blood was collected before administration and at designated time intervals thereafter. The EC and its metabolites in plasma were treated with beta-glucuronidase and/or sulfatase, then analysed by HPLC and by liquid chromatography-MS. Several EC-related compounds were detected in plasma such as free EC, and glucuronide, sulfate, and glucuronide-sulfate conjugates of non-methylated or methylated EC. All EC metabolites showed a maximum concentration in plasma at 30-60 min post-administration. Glucuronide conjugates of both non-methylated and methylated EC were found in high concentration in plasma. Moreover, administration of Cocoa Powder significantly reduced the accumulation of lipid peroxides in plasma and significantly reduced the consumption of alpha-tocopherol in plasma oxidized by treatment with 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH (25 mmol/l)) or CuSO(4) (100 micromol/l) compared with that in the case of plasma obtained before administration. The total EC concentration in plasma was negatively correlated with the level of accumulation of lipid peroxides in plasma oxidized by treatment with AAPH (25 mmol/l) and was positively correlated with the level of residual alpha-tocopherol in plasma oxidized by treatment with CuSO(4) (100 micromol/l). These results indicate that EC in Cocoa Powder was absorbed from the digestive tract, that various conjugated forms of EC were generated in the digestive tract and distributed to the plasma, and that these enhanced the antioxidative activity of plasma.
Cindy D. Davis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Flavanol-Enriched Cocoa Powder Alters the Intestinal Microbiota, Tissue and Fluid Metabolite Profiles, and Intestinal Gene Expression in Pigs
The Journal of nutrition, 2015Co-Authors: Saebyeol Jang, Aleksey Molokin, Sukla Lakshman, James M. Harnly, Cindy D. Davis, Joseph F. Urban, Pei Chen, Bryan T. Vinyard, Jianghao Sun, Gloria Solano-aguilarAbstract:Background: Consumption of Cocoa-derived polyphenols has been associated with several health benefits; however, their effects on the intestinal microbiome and related features of host intestinal health are not adequately understood. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of eating flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder on the composition of the gut microbiota, tissue metabolite profiles, and intestinal immune status. Methods: Male pigs (5 mo old, 28 kg mean body weight) were supplemented with 0, 2.5, 10, or 20 g flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder/d for 27 d. Metabolites in serum, urine, the proximal colon contents, liver, and adipose tissue; bacterial abundance in the intestinal contents and feces; and intestinal tissue gene expression of inflammatory markers and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were then determined. Results: O-methyl-epicatechin-glucuronide conjugates dose-dependently increased (P < 0.01) in the urine (35- to 204-fold), serum (6- to 186-fold), and adipose tissue (34- to 1144-fold) of pigs fed Cocoa Powder. The concentration of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid isomers in urine decreased as the dose of Cocoa Powder fed to pigs increased (75–85%, P < 0.05). Compared with the unsupplemented pigs, the abundance of Lactobacillus species was greater in the feces (7-fold, P = 0.005) and that of Bifidobacterium species was greater in the proximal colon contents (9-fold, P = 0.01) in pigs fed only 20 or 10 g Cocoa Powder/d, respectively. Moreover, consumption of Cocoa Powder reduced TLR9 gene expression in ileal Peyer’s patches (67–80%, P < 0.05) and mesenteric lymph nodes (43–71%, P < 0.05) of pigs fed 2.5–20 g Cocoa Powder/d compared with pigs not supplemented with Cocoa Powder. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that consumption of Cocoa Powder by pigs can contribute to gut health by enhancing the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species and modulating markers of localized intestinal immunity.
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Profiling Cocoa-derived flavanols and their metabolites in serum, urine, liver, and intestinal contents of pigs fed flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder (LB420)
The FASEB Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Saebyeol Jang, Aleksey Molokin, Sukla Lakshman, James M. Harnly, Cindy D. Davis, Joseph F. Urban, Pei Chen, Gloria Solano-aguilarAbstract:The polyphenol content of Cocoa is high and consumption is associated with benefits to human health. To determine the metabolites of Cocoa derived flavanols after consumption, five months old conventional crossbred pigs were fed 5, 10, and 20 g of flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder per day for 26 days. The total flavanol content in the Cocoa Powder was 20.5 mg/g and the major flavanols detected were epicatechin, (+) catechin, and procyanidin C1. Serum, urine, liver tissue, and proximal colon contents were collected 14 hour after the final consumption of Cocoa Powder. Metabolite analysis was conducted using High-performance liquid chromatography tandem with accurate mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRM) on a Q-Exactive high resolution mass spectrometer. Epicatechin or catechin-glucuronide conjugates were the major metabolites found in the serum, urine, and liver. Urine had more diverse metabolites than serum and liver whereas proximal colon contents had fewer metabolites. The concentration of total epicatechin-glucroni...
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Profiling Cocoa-derived flavanols and their metabolites in serum, urine, liver, and intestinal contents of pigs fed flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder (LB420)
The FASEB Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Saebyeol Jang, Aleksey Molokin, Sukla Lakshman, James M. Harnly, Cindy D. Davis, Joseph F. Urban, Pei Chen, Gloria Solano-aguilarAbstract:The polyphenol content of Cocoa is high and consumption is associated with benefits to human health. To determine the metabolites of Cocoa derived flavanols after consumption, five months old conventional crossbred pigs were fed 5, 10, and 20 g of flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder per day for 26 days. The total flavanol content in the Cocoa Powder was 20.5 mg/g and the major flavanols detected were epicatechin, (+) catechin, and procyanidin C1. Serum, urine, liver tissue, and proximal colon contents were collected 14 hour after the final consumption of Cocoa Powder. Metabolite analysis was conducted using High-performance liquid chromatography tandem with accurate mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRM) on a Q-Exactive high resolution mass spectrometer. Epicatechin or catechin-glucuronide conjugates were the major metabolites found in the serum, urine, and liver. Urine had more diverse metabolites than serum and liver whereas proximal colon contents had fewer metabolites. The concentration of total epicatechin-glucroni...
James M. Harnly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Flavanol-Enriched Cocoa Powder Alters the Intestinal Microbiota, Tissue and Fluid Metabolite Profiles, and Intestinal Gene Expression in Pigs
The Journal of nutrition, 2015Co-Authors: Saebyeol Jang, Aleksey Molokin, Sukla Lakshman, James M. Harnly, Cindy D. Davis, Joseph F. Urban, Pei Chen, Bryan T. Vinyard, Jianghao Sun, Gloria Solano-aguilarAbstract:Background: Consumption of Cocoa-derived polyphenols has been associated with several health benefits; however, their effects on the intestinal microbiome and related features of host intestinal health are not adequately understood. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of eating flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder on the composition of the gut microbiota, tissue metabolite profiles, and intestinal immune status. Methods: Male pigs (5 mo old, 28 kg mean body weight) were supplemented with 0, 2.5, 10, or 20 g flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder/d for 27 d. Metabolites in serum, urine, the proximal colon contents, liver, and adipose tissue; bacterial abundance in the intestinal contents and feces; and intestinal tissue gene expression of inflammatory markers and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were then determined. Results: O-methyl-epicatechin-glucuronide conjugates dose-dependently increased (P < 0.01) in the urine (35- to 204-fold), serum (6- to 186-fold), and adipose tissue (34- to 1144-fold) of pigs fed Cocoa Powder. The concentration of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid isomers in urine decreased as the dose of Cocoa Powder fed to pigs increased (75–85%, P < 0.05). Compared with the unsupplemented pigs, the abundance of Lactobacillus species was greater in the feces (7-fold, P = 0.005) and that of Bifidobacterium species was greater in the proximal colon contents (9-fold, P = 0.01) in pigs fed only 20 or 10 g Cocoa Powder/d, respectively. Moreover, consumption of Cocoa Powder reduced TLR9 gene expression in ileal Peyer’s patches (67–80%, P < 0.05) and mesenteric lymph nodes (43–71%, P < 0.05) of pigs fed 2.5–20 g Cocoa Powder/d compared with pigs not supplemented with Cocoa Powder. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that consumption of Cocoa Powder by pigs can contribute to gut health by enhancing the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species and modulating markers of localized intestinal immunity.
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Profiling Cocoa-derived flavanols and their metabolites in serum, urine, liver, and intestinal contents of pigs fed flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder (LB420)
The FASEB Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Saebyeol Jang, Aleksey Molokin, Sukla Lakshman, James M. Harnly, Cindy D. Davis, Joseph F. Urban, Pei Chen, Gloria Solano-aguilarAbstract:The polyphenol content of Cocoa is high and consumption is associated with benefits to human health. To determine the metabolites of Cocoa derived flavanols after consumption, five months old conventional crossbred pigs were fed 5, 10, and 20 g of flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder per day for 26 days. The total flavanol content in the Cocoa Powder was 20.5 mg/g and the major flavanols detected were epicatechin, (+) catechin, and procyanidin C1. Serum, urine, liver tissue, and proximal colon contents were collected 14 hour after the final consumption of Cocoa Powder. Metabolite analysis was conducted using High-performance liquid chromatography tandem with accurate mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRM) on a Q-Exactive high resolution mass spectrometer. Epicatechin or catechin-glucuronide conjugates were the major metabolites found in the serum, urine, and liver. Urine had more diverse metabolites than serum and liver whereas proximal colon contents had fewer metabolites. The concentration of total epicatechin-glucroni...
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Profiling Cocoa-derived flavanols and their metabolites in serum, urine, liver, and intestinal contents of pigs fed flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder (LB420)
The FASEB Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Saebyeol Jang, Aleksey Molokin, Sukla Lakshman, James M. Harnly, Cindy D. Davis, Joseph F. Urban, Pei Chen, Gloria Solano-aguilarAbstract:The polyphenol content of Cocoa is high and consumption is associated with benefits to human health. To determine the metabolites of Cocoa derived flavanols after consumption, five months old conventional crossbred pigs were fed 5, 10, and 20 g of flavanol-enriched Cocoa Powder per day for 26 days. The total flavanol content in the Cocoa Powder was 20.5 mg/g and the major flavanols detected were epicatechin, (+) catechin, and procyanidin C1. Serum, urine, liver tissue, and proximal colon contents were collected 14 hour after the final consumption of Cocoa Powder. Metabolite analysis was conducted using High-performance liquid chromatography tandem with accurate mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRM) on a Q-Exactive high resolution mass spectrometer. Epicatechin or catechin-glucuronide conjugates were the major metabolites found in the serum, urine, and liver. Urine had more diverse metabolites than serum and liver whereas proximal colon contents had fewer metabolites. The concentration of total epicatechin-glucroni...