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M Dekker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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non destructive sensing of the freshness of packed Cod Fish using conductivity and ph electrodes
Journal of Food Engineering, 2014Co-Authors: J K Heising, M A J S Van Boekel, P V Bartels, M DekkerAbstract:Abstract The use of pH and conductivity electrodes as non-destructive methods for monitoring changes in the freshness status of packed Fish is explored. The electrodes monitor changes in the electrical properties of an aqueous phase positioned in the headspace of the Fish package. Volatile compounds produced in/on the packed Fish and released in the headspace dissolve into this aqueous phase. Several compounds affect the electrode signals. The signals of the electrodes were compared with the volatile amines content of fresh Cod fillets stored at 0–15 °C. The changes in the pH signal were strongly temperature dependent and not suitable as quality indication for practical storage temperatures. The conductivity signal showed a characteristic pattern, that correlated with the increasing volatile amines content at all temperatures. The non-destructive measurement of conductivity establishes the proof of principles for monitoring the freshness of packed Fish and paths the way towards new developments of intelligent packaging concepts.
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mathematical models for the trimethylamine tma formation on packed Cod Fish fillets at different temperatures
Food Research International, 2014Co-Authors: J K Heising, M A J S Van Boekel, M DekkerAbstract:Abstract The microbial formation of trimethylamine (TMA) can be used as a quality indicator compound to predict the freshness of Fish during its shelf life. In a supply chain with fluctuating temperatures, mathematical models will be valuable tools to simulate this formation as a function of temperature and time. These models are essential to link sensor data on the formation of TMA to the actual freshness of Fish. Existing models for the formation of TMA in Fish needed improvements and secondary models for the effect of temperature on the formation of TMA are lacking in the literature. Three different approaches were evaluated on their ability to simulate the experimental observed TMA formation at 4 different temperatures (0, 5, 10 and 15 °C). In the first approach the existing models were improved and the temperature effect was modelled by an empirical model using four parameters. This model is able to simulate the TMA formation at static temperatures. Since TMA is produced on fresh Cod fillets by the micro-organisms Shewanella putrefaciens and Photobacterium phosphoreum the microbial Baranyi–Roberts model was initially used for modelling the TMA formation, but this model was found to be too complex (too many correlated parameters that could not be estimated). In the third approach it was seen that a simplified Baranyi–Roberts model with only three parameters could be used to predict the TMA formation with equal accuracy. The influence of the temperature on the parameter μmax was modelled using the extended square root model of Ratkowsky and the differences in TMA formation profiles of different batches could be described by the batch specific parameter N0 representing the initial quality. The presented dynamic model is valuable in predicting the formation of TMA in a fresh Fish supply chain with dynamic temperatures. This model has the potential to be used to link sensor data of TMA in the headspace to the actual freshness status of the Fish.
Paula M L Castro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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extraction and characterisation of apatite and tricalcium phosphate based materials from Cod Fish bones
Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2013Co-Authors: Clara Piccirillo, M F Silva, R C Pullar, Braga I Da Cruz, Ruben Ferreira Jorge, Manuela Pintado, Paula M L CastroAbstract:Apatite- and tricalcium phosphate-based materials were produced from CodFish bones, thus converting a waste by-product from the food industry into high added-valued compounds. The bones were annealed at temperatures between 900 and 1200 °C, giving a biphasic material of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 and β-Ca(PO4)3) with a molar proportion of 75:25, a material widely used in biomedical implants. The treatment of the bones in solution prior to their annealing changed the composition of the material. Single phase hydroxyapatite, chlorapatite (Ca10(PO4)6Cl2) and fluorapatite (Ca10(PO4)6F2) were obtained using CaCl2 and NaF solutions, respectively. The samples were analysed by several techniques (X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and differential thermal/thermogravimetric analysis) and by elemental analyses, to have a more complete understanding of the conversion process. Such compositional modifications have never been performed before for these materials of natural origin to tailor the relative concentrations of elements. This paper shows the great potential for the conversion of this by-product into highly valuable compounds for biomedical applications, using a simple and effective valorisation process.
Castro P. M. L. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biphasic apatite-carbon materials derived from pyrolysed Fish bones for effective adsorption of persistent pollutants and heavy metals
'Elsevier BV', 2017Co-Authors: Piccirillo C., Pullar R. C., Moreira I. S., Novais R. M., Fernandes A. J. S., Castro P. M. L.Abstract:Biphasic apatite-carbon biochar-type materials were prepared from pyrolysed Cod Fish bones and were assessed for the adsorption of persistent organic pollutants (pharmaceuticals diclofenac and fluoxetine), and heavy metals (Pb(II)). The materials, prepared with a simple pyrolysis process at different temperatures (200–1000 °C), were characterised with XRD, FTIR, Raman and SEM. Results showed that the pyrolysis temperature had a significant effect on the features/composition of the materials: up to 800 °C, carbonate apatite Ca10(PO4)6(CO3) was the main component, while for higher temperatures oxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6O was the dominant phase. Graphitic carbon was also detected. The mixed apatite-carbon products (bone char) exhibited high adsorption efficiency. Graphite carbon was the main adsorber for the pharmaceuticals, the best performing material being that pyrolysed at 1000 °C. Xm values of 43.29 and 55.87 mg/g were observed (Langmuir fitting), while KF values of 5.40 and 12.53 (mg/g)(L/mg)nF were obtained with the Freundhlich model (diclofenac and fluoxetine respectively). This is the first time that a biochar-like material has been used for fluoxetine adsorption. For Pb (II), the powder pyrolysed at 600 °C was the most effective, with the apatite playing a key role (Xm = 714.24 mg/g). This work shows that a by-product of the Fish industry could be converted into efficient materials for environmental remediation; according to the pyrolysis conditions, powders effective in the removal of either organics or heavy metals can be obtained. Moreover, with pyrolysis at intermediate temperatures, materials capable of adsorbing both kinds of pollutants can be produced, even if less efficient.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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Extraction and characterisation of apatite- and tricalcium phosphate-based materials from Cod Fish bones
'Elsevier BV', 2013Co-Authors: Piccirillo C., Pullar R. C., Pintado M. M. E., Silva M. F., Braga Da Cruz, Jorge R., Castro P. M. L.Abstract:Apatite- and tricalcium phosphate-based materials were produced from CodFish bones, thus converting a waste by-product from the food industry into high added-valued compounds. The bones were annealed at temperatures between 900 and 1200 degrees C, giving a biphasic material of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate (Ca-10(PO4)(6)(OH)(2) and beta-Ca(PO4)(3)) with a molar proportion of 75:25, a material widely used in biomedical implants. The treatment of the bones in solution prior to their annealing changed the composition of the material. Single phase hydroxyapatite. chlorapatite (Ca-10(PO4)(6)Cl-2) and fluorapatite (Ca-10(PO4)(6)F-2) were obtained using CaCl2 and NaF solutions, respectively. The samples were analysed by several techniques (X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and differential thermal/thermogravimetric analysis) and by elemental analyses, to have a more complete understanding of the conversion process. Such compositional modifications have never been performed before for these materials of natural origin to tailor the relative concentrations of elements. This paper shows the great potential for the conversion of this by-product into highly valuable compounds for biomedical applications, using a simple and effective valorisation process.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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Hydroxyapatite-based materials of marine origin: A bioactivity and sintering study
'Elsevier BV', 2026Co-Authors: Piccirillo C., Pullar R. C., Costa E., Santos-silva A., Pintado M. M. E., Castro P. M. L.Abstract:Single phase hydroxyapatite (HAp) and biphasic material hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate (HAp/beta-TCP) were obtained from a marine source (Atlantic Cod Fish bones). Here we report a study on the biological properties of these materials, including cytotoxicity, bioactivity and haemocompatibility. Results showed that the materials are not cytotoxic, neither in their powder nor in pellet form; indeed growth of Saos-2 cells was comparable to that of commercial. The haemolysis rate was lower than 2%; hence the materials can be classified as non-haemolytic. Moreover, when immersed in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF), crystal formation was observed on the surface of both materials. The sintering behaviour of the samples was also studied; both powders showed very high sinterability (density higher than 95% of the theoretical value). Overall, these results confirm the suitability of these materials for biomedical applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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Extraction and characterisation of apatite- and tricalcium phosphate-based materials from Cod Fish bones
'Elsevier BV', 2026Co-Authors: Piccirillo C., Pullar R. C., Pintado M. M. E., Silva M. F., Braga Da Cruz, Jorge R., Castro P. M. L.Abstract:Apatite- and tricalcium phosphate-based materials were produced from CodFish bones, thus converting a waste by-product from the food industry into high added-valued compounds. The bones were annealed at temperatures between 900 and 1200 degrees C, giving a biphasic material of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate (Ca-10(PO4)(6)(OH)(2) and beta-Ca(PO4)(3)) with a molar proportion of 75:25, a material widely used in biomedical implants. The treatment of the bones in solution prior to their annealing changed the composition of the material. Single phase hydroxyapatite. chlorapatite (Ca-10(PO4)(6)Cl-2) and fluorapatite (Ca-10(PO4)(6)F-2) were obtained using CaCl2 and NaF solutions, respectively. The samples were analysed by several techniques (X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and differential thermal/thermogravimetric analysis) and by elemental analyses, to have a more complete understanding of the conversion process. Such compositional modifications have never been performed before for these materials of natural origin to tailor the relative concentrations of elements. This paper shows the great potential for the conversion of this by-product into highly valuable compounds for biomedical applications, using a simple and effective valorisation process. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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A hydroxyapatite-Fe2O3 based material of natural origin as an active sunscreen filter
'Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)', 2026Co-Authors: Piccirillo C., Tobaldi D. M., Pullar R. C., Castro P. M. L., Rocha C., Labrincha J. A., Ferreira M. O., Pintado M. M. E.Abstract:The use of sunscreens as protective barriers against skin damage and cancer, by absorbing harmful UVA and UVB rays, is becoming an increasingly important issue. Such products are usually based on TiO2 or ZnO, although both Fe2O3 and hydroxyapatite (Ca-10(PO4)(6)(OH)(2), HAp) doped with metal ions have been reported as being ultraviolet (UV) absorbing materials. HAp is the main component of bone; it is, therefore, highly biocompatible. In the present work, an iron-doped HAp-based material, containing both Fe ions substituted into the HAp structure and iron oxide in hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) form, was successfully developed from waste Cod Fish bones. This was achieved through a simple process of treating the bones in a Fe(II) containing solution, followed by heating at 700 degrees C. The material showed good absorption in the whole UV range and did not form radicals when irradiated. The sunscreen cream formulated with this material could be used as a broad sunscreen protector (lambda(crit) > 370 nm), showing high absorption both in the UVA and UVB ranges. Because of its absorption properties it would be classified as 5 star protection according to the Boots UVA star rating system. The cream is also photostable, and does not cause irritation or erythema formation when in contact with the human skin. These results show that a food by-product such as Fish bones could be converted into a valuable product, with potential applications in health care and cosmetics. This is the first time a HAp-based sunscreen cream has been developed and validated as a proof of concept
Piccirillo C. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biphasic apatite-carbon materials derived from pyrolysed Fish bones for effective adsorption of persistent pollutants and heavy metals
'Elsevier BV', 2017Co-Authors: Piccirillo C., Pullar R. C., Moreira I. S., Novais R. M., Fernandes A. J. S., Castro P. M. L.Abstract:Biphasic apatite-carbon biochar-type materials were prepared from pyrolysed Cod Fish bones and were assessed for the adsorption of persistent organic pollutants (pharmaceuticals diclofenac and fluoxetine), and heavy metals (Pb(II)). The materials, prepared with a simple pyrolysis process at different temperatures (200–1000 °C), were characterised with XRD, FTIR, Raman and SEM. Results showed that the pyrolysis temperature had a significant effect on the features/composition of the materials: up to 800 °C, carbonate apatite Ca10(PO4)6(CO3) was the main component, while for higher temperatures oxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6O was the dominant phase. Graphitic carbon was also detected. The mixed apatite-carbon products (bone char) exhibited high adsorption efficiency. Graphite carbon was the main adsorber for the pharmaceuticals, the best performing material being that pyrolysed at 1000 °C. Xm values of 43.29 and 55.87 mg/g were observed (Langmuir fitting), while KF values of 5.40 and 12.53 (mg/g)(L/mg)nF were obtained with the Freundhlich model (diclofenac and fluoxetine respectively). This is the first time that a biochar-like material has been used for fluoxetine adsorption. For Pb (II), the powder pyrolysed at 600 °C was the most effective, with the apatite playing a key role (Xm = 714.24 mg/g). This work shows that a by-product of the Fish industry could be converted into efficient materials for environmental remediation; according to the pyrolysis conditions, powders effective in the removal of either organics or heavy metals can be obtained. Moreover, with pyrolysis at intermediate temperatures, materials capable of adsorbing both kinds of pollutants can be produced, even if less efficient.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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Extraction and characterisation of apatite- and tricalcium phosphate-based materials from Cod Fish bones
'Elsevier BV', 2013Co-Authors: Piccirillo C., Pullar R. C., Pintado M. M. E., Silva M. F., Braga Da Cruz, Jorge R., Castro P. M. L.Abstract:Apatite- and tricalcium phosphate-based materials were produced from CodFish bones, thus converting a waste by-product from the food industry into high added-valued compounds. The bones were annealed at temperatures between 900 and 1200 degrees C, giving a biphasic material of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate (Ca-10(PO4)(6)(OH)(2) and beta-Ca(PO4)(3)) with a molar proportion of 75:25, a material widely used in biomedical implants. The treatment of the bones in solution prior to their annealing changed the composition of the material. Single phase hydroxyapatite. chlorapatite (Ca-10(PO4)(6)Cl-2) and fluorapatite (Ca-10(PO4)(6)F-2) were obtained using CaCl2 and NaF solutions, respectively. The samples were analysed by several techniques (X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and differential thermal/thermogravimetric analysis) and by elemental analyses, to have a more complete understanding of the conversion process. Such compositional modifications have never been performed before for these materials of natural origin to tailor the relative concentrations of elements. This paper shows the great potential for the conversion of this by-product into highly valuable compounds for biomedical applications, using a simple and effective valorisation process.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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Silver-containing calcium phosphate materials of marine origin with antibacterial activity
ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2026Co-Authors: Piccirillo C., Pulla R. C., Tobaldi D. M., Lima Castro P. M., Estevez Pintado M. M.Abstract:Hydroxyapatite (Ca-10(PO4)(6)(OH)(2) - HAp) is a common material for bone replacement in artificial implants and prostheses, due to its high biocompatibility. In this work we report about the preparation of HAp-based materials of marine origin with antibacterial properties. Bones from Cod Fish (Gadhus morua) were treated with a dilute AgNO3 solution, to obtain HAp-containing samples with silver as a minor component. The samples were characterised by XRD, FT-IR spectroscopy and SEM, indicating the presence of HAp, beta-TCP and some metallic silver. The determination of unit cell parameters, however, indicated that the majority of silver is substituted in the beta-TCP lattice in ionic form. The antibacterial activity of these materials was tested towards both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterias; results showed that the material is very effective with Gram-negative strains such as Escherichia coli (inactivation rates of 99.82% and 99.999% after 2 and 5 h, respectively) and had a smaller but still significant effect on Gram-positive MRSA (91% inactivation rate). These results show the potentials of these samples as infection-resistant bone replacement materials. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved
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Hydroxyapatite-based materials of marine origin: A bioactivity and sintering study
'Elsevier BV', 2026Co-Authors: Piccirillo C., Pullar R. C., Costa E., Santos-silva A., Pintado M. M. E., Castro P. M. L.Abstract:Single phase hydroxyapatite (HAp) and biphasic material hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate (HAp/beta-TCP) were obtained from a marine source (Atlantic Cod Fish bones). Here we report a study on the biological properties of these materials, including cytotoxicity, bioactivity and haemocompatibility. Results showed that the materials are not cytotoxic, neither in their powder nor in pellet form; indeed growth of Saos-2 cells was comparable to that of commercial. The haemolysis rate was lower than 2%; hence the materials can be classified as non-haemolytic. Moreover, when immersed in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF), crystal formation was observed on the surface of both materials. The sintering behaviour of the samples was also studied; both powders showed very high sinterability (density higher than 95% of the theoretical value). Overall, these results confirm the suitability of these materials for biomedical applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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Extraction and characterisation of apatite- and tricalcium phosphate-based materials from Cod Fish bones
'Elsevier BV', 2026Co-Authors: Piccirillo C., Pullar R. C., Pintado M. M. E., Silva M. F., Braga Da Cruz, Jorge R., Castro P. M. L.Abstract:Apatite- and tricalcium phosphate-based materials were produced from CodFish bones, thus converting a waste by-product from the food industry into high added-valued compounds. The bones were annealed at temperatures between 900 and 1200 degrees C, giving a biphasic material of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate (Ca-10(PO4)(6)(OH)(2) and beta-Ca(PO4)(3)) with a molar proportion of 75:25, a material widely used in biomedical implants. The treatment of the bones in solution prior to their annealing changed the composition of the material. Single phase hydroxyapatite. chlorapatite (Ca-10(PO4)(6)Cl-2) and fluorapatite (Ca-10(PO4)(6)F-2) were obtained using CaCl2 and NaF solutions, respectively. The samples were analysed by several techniques (X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and differential thermal/thermogravimetric analysis) and by elemental analyses, to have a more complete understanding of the conversion process. Such compositional modifications have never been performed before for these materials of natural origin to tailor the relative concentrations of elements. This paper shows the great potential for the conversion of this by-product into highly valuable compounds for biomedical applications, using a simple and effective valorisation process. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
J K Heising - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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non destructive sensing of the freshness of packed Cod Fish using conductivity and ph electrodes
Journal of Food Engineering, 2014Co-Authors: J K Heising, M A J S Van Boekel, P V Bartels, M DekkerAbstract:Abstract The use of pH and conductivity electrodes as non-destructive methods for monitoring changes in the freshness status of packed Fish is explored. The electrodes monitor changes in the electrical properties of an aqueous phase positioned in the headspace of the Fish package. Volatile compounds produced in/on the packed Fish and released in the headspace dissolve into this aqueous phase. Several compounds affect the electrode signals. The signals of the electrodes were compared with the volatile amines content of fresh Cod fillets stored at 0–15 °C. The changes in the pH signal were strongly temperature dependent and not suitable as quality indication for practical storage temperatures. The conductivity signal showed a characteristic pattern, that correlated with the increasing volatile amines content at all temperatures. The non-destructive measurement of conductivity establishes the proof of principles for monitoring the freshness of packed Fish and paths the way towards new developments of intelligent packaging concepts.
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mathematical models for the trimethylamine tma formation on packed Cod Fish fillets at different temperatures
Food Research International, 2014Co-Authors: J K Heising, M A J S Van Boekel, M DekkerAbstract:Abstract The microbial formation of trimethylamine (TMA) can be used as a quality indicator compound to predict the freshness of Fish during its shelf life. In a supply chain with fluctuating temperatures, mathematical models will be valuable tools to simulate this formation as a function of temperature and time. These models are essential to link sensor data on the formation of TMA to the actual freshness of Fish. Existing models for the formation of TMA in Fish needed improvements and secondary models for the effect of temperature on the formation of TMA are lacking in the literature. Three different approaches were evaluated on their ability to simulate the experimental observed TMA formation at 4 different temperatures (0, 5, 10 and 15 °C). In the first approach the existing models were improved and the temperature effect was modelled by an empirical model using four parameters. This model is able to simulate the TMA formation at static temperatures. Since TMA is produced on fresh Cod fillets by the micro-organisms Shewanella putrefaciens and Photobacterium phosphoreum the microbial Baranyi–Roberts model was initially used for modelling the TMA formation, but this model was found to be too complex (too many correlated parameters that could not be estimated). In the third approach it was seen that a simplified Baranyi–Roberts model with only three parameters could be used to predict the TMA formation with equal accuracy. The influence of the temperature on the parameter μmax was modelled using the extended square root model of Ratkowsky and the differences in TMA formation profiles of different batches could be described by the batch specific parameter N0 representing the initial quality. The presented dynamic model is valuable in predicting the formation of TMA in a fresh Fish supply chain with dynamic temperatures. This model has the potential to be used to link sensor data of TMA in the headspace to the actual freshness status of the Fish.