The Experts below are selected from a list of 41772 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Benjamin K Sovacool - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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promoting novelty rigor and style in energy social science towards Codes of Practice for appropriate methods and research design
Energy research and social science, 2018Co-Authors: Benjamin K Sovacool, John Axsen, Steven SorrellAbstract:A series of weaknesses in creativity, research design, and quality of writing continue to handicap energy social science. Many studies ask uninteresting research questions, make only marginal contributions, and lack innovative methods or application to theory. Many studies also have no explicit research design, lack rigor, or suffer from mangled structure and poor quality of writing. To help remedy these shortcomings, this Review offers suggestions for how to construct research questions; thoughtfully engage with concepts; state objectives; and appropriately select research methods. Then, the Review offers suggestions for enhancing theoretical, methodological, and empirical novelty. In terms of rigor, Codes of Practice are presented across seven method categories: experiments, literature reviews, data collection, data analysis, quantitative energy modeling, qualitative analysis, and case studies. We also recommend that researchers beware of hierarchies of evidence utilized in some disciplines, and that researchers place more emphasis on balance and appropriateness in research design. In terms of style, we offer tips regarding macro and microstructure and analysis, as well as coherent writing. Our hope is that this Review will inspire more interesting, robust, multi-method, comparative, interdisciplinary and impactful research that will accelerate the contribution that energy social science can make to both theory and Practice.
Steven Sorrell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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promoting novelty rigor and style in energy social science towards Codes of Practice for appropriate methods and research design
Energy research and social science, 2018Co-Authors: Benjamin K Sovacool, John Axsen, Steven SorrellAbstract:A series of weaknesses in creativity, research design, and quality of writing continue to handicap energy social science. Many studies ask uninteresting research questions, make only marginal contributions, and lack innovative methods or application to theory. Many studies also have no explicit research design, lack rigor, or suffer from mangled structure and poor quality of writing. To help remedy these shortcomings, this Review offers suggestions for how to construct research questions; thoughtfully engage with concepts; state objectives; and appropriately select research methods. Then, the Review offers suggestions for enhancing theoretical, methodological, and empirical novelty. In terms of rigor, Codes of Practice are presented across seven method categories: experiments, literature reviews, data collection, data analysis, quantitative energy modeling, qualitative analysis, and case studies. We also recommend that researchers beware of hierarchies of evidence utilized in some disciplines, and that researchers place more emphasis on balance and appropriateness in research design. In terms of style, we offer tips regarding macro and microstructure and analysis, as well as coherent writing. Our hope is that this Review will inspire more interesting, robust, multi-method, comparative, interdisciplinary and impactful research that will accelerate the contribution that energy social science can make to both theory and Practice.
Miguel Fernandez Ruiz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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levels of approximation approach in Codes of Practice
Structural Engineering International, 2012Co-Authors: Aurelio Muttoni, Miguel Fernandez RuizAbstract:Civil engineering projects typically involve a number of design phases, such as preliminary design, tender design and executive design. The required degree of accuracy for the analysis of the behaviour and strength of the structural members increases as a project evolves. Codes of Practice, however, seldom reflect this situation and propose a single design expression to be used at all phases of a project. This is not convenient in a number of situations, leading to lengthy analyses for initial design phases and sometimes not allowing to consider all potential load-carrying mechanisms or strength reserves for advanced analyses (design of complex structures and assessment of critical existing structures).
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applications of critical shear crack theory to punching of reinforced concrete slabs with transverse reinforcement
Aci Structural Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Miguel Fernandez Ruiz, Aurelio MuttoniAbstract:The traditional approach of Codes of Practice for estimating the punching strength of shear-reinforced flat slabs is based on the assumption that concrete carries a fraction of the applied load at ultimate while the rest of the load is carried by the shear reinforcement. Concrete contribution is usually estimated as a fraction of the punching strength of members without shear reinforcement. The ratio between the concrete contribution for members with and without shear reinforcement is usually assumed constant, independent of the amount of shear reinforcement, flexural reinforcement ratio, and bond conditions of the shear reinforcement. The limitations of such an approach are discussed in this paper and a new theoretical model, based on the critical shear crack theory, is presented to investigate the strength and ductility of shear-reinforced slabs. The proposed approach is based on a physical model and overcomes most limitations of current Codes of Practice. Its application to various punching shear reinforcement systems is also detailed in the paper and its results are compared to available test data.
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shear strength of members without transverse reinforcement as function of critical shear crack width
Aci Structural Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Aurelio Muttoni, Miguel Fernandez RuizAbstract:This paper investigates the shear strength of beams and one-way slabs without stirrups based on the opening of a critical shear crack. The shear-carrying mechanisms after the development of this crack are investigated. On this basis, a rational model is developed to estimate the shear strength of members without shear reinforcement. The proposed model is based on an estimate of the crack width in the critical shear region, taking also into account the roughness of the crack and the compressive strength of concrete. The proposed model is shown to properly describe a large set of available test data. A simplified method adopted by the Swiss code for structural concrete (SIA 262) is also introduced. Comparisons with other Codes of Practice are finally presented, with a highlight on the main differences between them.
Aurelio Muttoni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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levels of approximation approach in Codes of Practice
Structural Engineering International, 2012Co-Authors: Aurelio Muttoni, Miguel Fernandez RuizAbstract:Civil engineering projects typically involve a number of design phases, such as preliminary design, tender design and executive design. The required degree of accuracy for the analysis of the behaviour and strength of the structural members increases as a project evolves. Codes of Practice, however, seldom reflect this situation and propose a single design expression to be used at all phases of a project. This is not convenient in a number of situations, leading to lengthy analyses for initial design phases and sometimes not allowing to consider all potential load-carrying mechanisms or strength reserves for advanced analyses (design of complex structures and assessment of critical existing structures).
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applications of critical shear crack theory to punching of reinforced concrete slabs with transverse reinforcement
Aci Structural Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Miguel Fernandez Ruiz, Aurelio MuttoniAbstract:The traditional approach of Codes of Practice for estimating the punching strength of shear-reinforced flat slabs is based on the assumption that concrete carries a fraction of the applied load at ultimate while the rest of the load is carried by the shear reinforcement. Concrete contribution is usually estimated as a fraction of the punching strength of members without shear reinforcement. The ratio between the concrete contribution for members with and without shear reinforcement is usually assumed constant, independent of the amount of shear reinforcement, flexural reinforcement ratio, and bond conditions of the shear reinforcement. The limitations of such an approach are discussed in this paper and a new theoretical model, based on the critical shear crack theory, is presented to investigate the strength and ductility of shear-reinforced slabs. The proposed approach is based on a physical model and overcomes most limitations of current Codes of Practice. Its application to various punching shear reinforcement systems is also detailed in the paper and its results are compared to available test data.
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shear strength of members without transverse reinforcement as function of critical shear crack width
Aci Structural Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Aurelio Muttoni, Miguel Fernandez RuizAbstract:This paper investigates the shear strength of beams and one-way slabs without stirrups based on the opening of a critical shear crack. The shear-carrying mechanisms after the development of this crack are investigated. On this basis, a rational model is developed to estimate the shear strength of members without shear reinforcement. The proposed model is based on an estimate of the crack width in the critical shear region, taking also into account the roughness of the crack and the compressive strength of concrete. The proposed model is shown to properly describe a large set of available test data. A simplified method adopted by the Swiss code for structural concrete (SIA 262) is also introduced. Comparisons with other Codes of Practice are finally presented, with a highlight on the main differences between them.
Andrea Prota - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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intermediate debonding failure of rc beams retrofitted in flexure with frp experimental results versus prediction of Codes of Practice
Journal of Composites for Construction, 2012Co-Authors: Giulio Alfano, Fiorenzo De Cicco, Andrea ProtaAbstract:An experimental investigation has been conducted with the aim to investigate on the midspan debonding failure of reinforced concrete (RC) beams retrofitted in flexure by means of the application of a fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) lamina externally applied to concrete substratum. Experimental tests on a series of RC beams with different geometries and type of internal steel reinforcing bars have been carried out in four-point bending up to failure to evaluate the influence of flexural/shear cracks on the debonding of FRP reinforcement from concrete substratum. It is widely known that the overall performance of a standard RC element is primarily influenced by the interaction between FRP and concrete substratum rather than by the strength of the FRP. The failure of such innovative retrofitting techniques may be attributed to an inadequate anchorage length; in other cases, when the FRP is correctly applied at the ends of beam, debonding starts in the vicinity of cracks and propagates toward the supports. The results of the experimental tests are used to investigate on the effectiveness of design procedures currently recommended for such debonding failure mode by the Codes of Practice. The results of the analytical calculations based on such models are presented in this paper and will provide an element of comparison and discussion with the experimental results. The Codes of Practice propose different analytical models based on the extensive research done in the last two decades, which involve different types of approximation and often yield quite different results.