The Experts below are selected from a list of 29511 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Robert K. Jansen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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coordinated rates of evolution between interacting plastid and nuclear genes in geraniaceae
The Plant Cell, 2015Co-Authors: Jin Zhang, Tracey A Ruhlman, Chris J Blazier, Jamal S. M. Sabir, Robert K. JansenAbstract:Although gene Coevolution has been widely observed within individuals and between different organisms, rarely has this phenomenon been investigated within a phylogenetic framework. The Geraniaceae is an attractive system in which to study plastid-nuclear genome Coevolution due to the highly elevated evolutionary rates in plastid genomes. In plants, the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) is a protein complex composed of subunits encoded by both plastid (rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1, and rpoC2) and nuclear genes (sig1-6). We used transcriptome and genomic data for 27 species of Geraniales in a systematic evaluation of Coevolution between genes encoding subunits of the PEP holoenzyme. We detected strong correlations of dN (nonsynonymous substitutions) but not dS (synonymous substitutions) within rpoB/sig1 and rpoC2/sig2, but not for other plastid/nuclear gene pairs, and identified the correlation of dN/dS ratio between rpoB/C1/C2 and sig1/5/6, rpoC1/C2 and sig2, and rpoB/C2 and sig3 genes. Correlated rates between interacting plastid and nuclear sequences across the Geraniales could result from plastid-nuclear genome Coevolution. Analyses of coevolved amino acid positions suggest that structurally mediated Coevolution is not the major driver of plastid-nuclear Coevolution. The detection of strong correlation of evolutionary rates between SIG and RNAP genes suggests a plausible explanation for plastome-genome incompatibility in Geraniaceae.
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coordinated rates of evolution between interacting plastid and nuclear genes in geraniaceae
The Plant Cell, 2015Co-Authors: Jin Zhang, Tracey A Ruhlman, Chris J Blazier, Jamal S. M. Sabir, Robert K. JansenAbstract:Although gene Coevolution has been widely observed within individuals and between different organisms, rarely has this phenomenon been investigated within a phylogenetic framework. The Geraniaceae is an attractive system in which to study plastid-nuclear genome Coevolution due to the highly elevated evolutionary rates in plastid genomes. In plants, the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) is a protein complex composed of subunits encoded by both plastid (rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1, and rpoC2) and nuclear genes (sig1-6). We used transcriptome and genomic data for 27 species of Geraniales in a systematic evaluation of Coevolution between genes encoding subunits of the PEP holoenzyme. We detected strong correlations of dN (nonsynonymous substitutions) but not dS (synonymous substitutions) within rpoB/sig1 and rpoC2/sig2, but not for other plastid/nuclear gene pairs, and identified the correlation of dN/dS ratio between rpoB/C1/C2 and sig1/5/6, rpoC1/C2 and sig2, and rpoB/C2 and sig3 genes. Correlated rates between interacting plastid and nuclear sequences across the Geraniales could result from plastid-nuclear genome Coevolution. Analyses of coevolved amino acid positions suggest that structurally mediated Coevolution is not the major driver of plastid-nuclear Coevolution. The detection of strong correlation of evolutionary rates between SIG and RNAP genes suggests a plausible explanation for plastome-genome incompatibility in Geraniaceae.
Herbert Gintis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gene culture Coevolution and the nature of human sociality
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 2011Co-Authors: Herbert GintisAbstract:Human characteristics are the product of gene–culture Coevolution, which is an evolutionary dynamic involving the interaction of genes and culture over long time periods. Gene–culture Coevolution is a special case of niche construction. Gene–culture Coevolution is responsible for human other-regarding preferences, a taste for fairness, the capacity to empathize and salience of morality and character virtues.
Lisle H Gibbs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Coevolution of venom function and venom resistance in a rattlesnake predator and its squirrel prey
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2016Co-Authors: Matthew L Holding, James E Biardi, Lisle H GibbsAbstract:Measuring local adaptation can provide insights into how Coevolution occurs between predators and prey. Specifically, theory predicts that local adaptation in functionally matched traits of predators and prey will not be detected when Coevolution is governed by escalating arms races, whereas it will be present when Coevolution occurs through an alternate mechanism of phenotype matching. Here, we analyse local adaptation in venom activity and prey resistance across 12 populations of Northern Pacific rattlesnakes and California ground squirrels, an interaction that has often been described as an arms race. Assays of venom function and squirrel resistance show substantial geographical variation (influenced by site elevation) in both venom metalloproteinase activity and resistance factor effectiveness. We demonstrate local adaptation in the effectiveness of rattlesnake venom to overcoming present squirrel resistance, suggesting that phenotype matching plays a role in the Coevolution of these molecular traits. Further, the predator was the locally adapted antagonist in this interaction, arguing that rattlesnakes are evolutionarily ahead of their squirrel prey. Phenotype matching needs to be considered as an important mechanism influencing Coevolution between venomous animals and resistant prey.
Roland Montserret - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A protein Coevolution method uncovers critical features of the Hepatitis C Virus fusion mechanism
PLoS Pathogens, 2018Co-Authors: Florian Douam, Floriane Fusil, Margot Enguehard, Linda Dib, Francesca Nadalin, Loïc Schwaller, Gabriela Hrebikova, Jimmy Mancip, Laurent Mailly, Roland MontserretAbstract:Amino-acid Coevolution can be referred to mutational compensatory patterns preserving the function of a protein. Viral envelope glycoproteins, which mediate entry of enveloped viruses into their host cells, are shaped by Coevolution signals that confer to viruses the plasticity to evade neutralizing antibodies without altering viral entry mechanisms. The functions and structures of the two envelope glycoproteins of the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), E1 and E2, are poorly described. Especially, how these two proteins mediate the HCV fusion process between the viral and the cell membrane remains elusive. Here, as a proof of concept, we aimed to take advantage of an original Coevolution method recently developed to shed light on the HCV fusion mechanism. When first applied to the well-characterized Dengue Virus (DENV) envelope glycoproteins, Coevolution analysis was able to predict important structural features and rearrangements of these viral protein complexes. When applied to HCV E1E2, computational Coevolution analysis predicted that E1 and E2 refold interdependently during fusion through rearrangements of the E2 Back Layer (BL). Consistently, a soluble BL-derived polypeptide inhibited HCV infection of hepatoma cell lines, primary human hepatocytes and humanized liver mice. We showed that this polypeptide specifically inhibited HCV fusogenic rearrangements, hence supporting the critical role of this domain during HCV fusion. By combining Coevolution analysis and in vitro assays, we also uncovered functionally-significant coevolving signals between E1 and E2 BL/Stem regions that govern HCV fusion, demonstrating the accuracy of our Coevolution predictions. Altogether, our work shed light on important structural features of the HCV fusion mechanism and contributes to advance our functional understanding of this process. This study also provides an important proof of concept that Coevolution can be employed to explore viral protein mediated-processes, and can guide the development of innovative translational strategies against challenging human-tropic viruses.
Michael A Brockhurst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bacteria phage Coevolution as a driver of ecological and evolutionary processes in microbial communities
Fems Microbiology Reviews, 2014Co-Authors: Britt Koskella, Michael A BrockhurstAbstract:Bacteria–phage Coevolution, the reciprocal evolution between bacterial hosts and the phages that infect them, is an important driver of ecological and evolutionary processes in microbial communities. There is growing evidence from both laboratory and natural populations that Coevolution can maintain phenotypic and genetic diversity, increase the rate of bacterial and phage evolution and divergence, affect community structure, and shape the evolution of ecologically relevant bacterial traits. Although the study of bacteria–phage Coevolution is still in its infancy, with open questions regarding the specificity of the interaction, the gene networks of coevolving partners, and the relative importance of the coevolving interaction in complex communities and environments, there have recently been major advancements in the field. In this review, we sum up our current understanding of bacteria–phage Coevolution both in the laboratory and in nature, discuss recent findings on both the Coevolutionary process itself and the impact of Coevolution on bacterial phenotype, diversity and interactions with other species (particularly their eukaryotic hosts), and outline future directions for the field.
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experimental Coevolution with bacteria and phage the pseudomonas fluorescens φ2 model system
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2007Co-Authors: Michael A Brockhurst, Andrew D Morgan, Andy Fenton, Angus BucklingAbstract:Abstract Parasites are ubiquitous in biological systems and antagonistic Coevolution between hosts and parasites is thought be a major ecological and evolutionary force. Recent experiments using laboratory populations of bacteria and their parasitic viruses, phage, have provided the first direct empirical evidence of antagonistic Coevolution in action. In this article we describe this model system and synthesise recent findings that address the causes and consequences of antagonistic Coevolution.
